The association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures and body composition of rural and urban Ghanaian adults: a comparative cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption can reduce the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures, body composition and physical activity among rural and urban Ghanaian adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were also measured. The World Health Organization’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity levels. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measurements, body composition and dietary consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data and nutrient analysis template was used to analyze 24-hour recall. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. The use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Among urban participants, component 3 (staple pattern) showed a significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r -0.186, p-value 0.013) and BMI (r -0.163, p-value 0.029). Multinomial logistic regression showed that males (AOR 19.715, CI 9.723-39.978, p-value < 0.001) had higher odds of being of normal weight compared to females. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and make affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.

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The Association of Skinfold Anthropometric Measures, Body Composition and Disease Severity in Obese and Non-obese Fibromyalgia Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Archives of Rheumatology ◽

10.5606/archrheumatol.2018.6180 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mehmet Onat Çakıt

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional

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Association Between Dietary Consumption, Anthropometric Measures And Body Composition Of Rural And Urban Ghanaian Adults; A Cross Sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.2.15678/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong ◽

Reginald Adjetey Annan ◽

Charles Apprey ◽

Linda Nana Esi Aduku ◽

Catherina Elizabeth Swart

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Principal Component ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

P Value ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Consumption ◽

Rural And Urban

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe including sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence used to be low. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption look promising to reducing the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, Body Mass Index (BMI) and body composition among rural and urban Ghanaian adults.Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on socio-demographics. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were determined. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measures, body composition and consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. Use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Vegetable convenience dietary pattern showed significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r=-0.142, p 0.002), body fat (r=-0.102, p 0.209) and BMI (r=-0.136, p 0.003). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that males (OR 21.968, CI 10.876-44.373, p-value < 0.001) and rural participants (OR 1.684, CI 1.039-2.729, p-value <0.05) had higher odds of being of normal weight.Conclusion Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and makes affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.

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Use of upper arm anthropometry, upper arm muscle area-by-height (UAMAH) and midupper- arm-circumference (MUAC)-for-height as indicators of body composition and nutritional status among children

Anthropological Review ◽

10.1515/anre-2017-0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 85-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sampriti Debnath ◽

Nitish Mondal ◽

Jaydip Sen

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

Arm Circumference

AbstractUpper arm anthropometry has a potential role to provide useful estimations of body composition and nutritional status. Aims of the present cross-sectional study were to assess body composition and nutritional status of rural school-going children using upper arm anthropometric measures such as upper arm muscle area-by-height (UAMAH) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for-height. The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 1281 children of West Bengal, India (boys 619, girls 662) aged 5-12 years and selected using a stratified random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, MUAC and triceps skinfold (TSF) were recorded. Body composition and nutritional status were assessed using upper arm muscle area (UMA), upper arm fat area (UFA), UAMAH and MUAC-forheight. Age-sex-specific overall adiposity in TSF, UFA, arm fat index and upper-arm fat area estimates were higher among girls than boys (p<0.01), but UMA and upper-arm muscle area estimates were observed to be higher among boys than girls (p<0.05). High prevalence of undernutrition was found among both boys (53.15%) and girls (41.69%) using UAMAH (p<0.01). The overall prevalence of low MUAC-forheight was higher among boys (28.59%) than girls (25.68%) (p>0.05). Upper arm anthropometric measures, UAMAH and MUAC-for-height are useful for assessment of body composition and nutritional status among children.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Body composition and basal metabolic rate in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a Danish population-based and hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726010578.793534526 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Iltefat Hamzavi

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Danish Population ◽

Cross Sectional

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PREVALENCE OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL CHILDREN – A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/3544 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 554-557

Author(s):

Dr.R.Priyadarsini M.D ◽

◽

Dr.K.Kanchana M.D ◽

Dr.P.Shanmugapriya M.D ◽

Dr.Malaiarasi M.D.

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Urban School ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban

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Can Anthropometry and Body Composition Explain Physical Fitness Levels in School-Aged Children?

Children ◽

10.3390/children8060460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 460

Author(s):

Chih-Yu Hsu ◽

Liang-Sien Chen ◽

I-Jen Chang ◽

Wei-Ching Fang ◽

Sun-Weng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Z Score ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Muscle Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Aged Children

Physical fitness (PF) is closely related to various health outcomes and quality of life among children. However, the associations between anthropometry, body composition (BC), and PF are not fully elucidated. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the associations between demographic metrics (age, sex), anthropometric measures (body mass index z-score (BMI z-score) waist/height ratio (WHtR)), BC parameters (body-fat percentage (BF%), muscle weight), and PF levels (800-m run, sit-and-reach, 1-min sit-ups, standing long jump) in school-aged children. Continuous variables were dichotomized by median splits. The results of 180 girls and 180 boys (mean age: 10.0 ± 0.7 years; mean BMI z-score: 0.366 ± 1.216) were analyzed. Multivariable linear regressions revealed that BF% (regression coefficient (B) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5–4.3) was independently correlated with the 800-m run. Sex (B = 4.6, 95% CI = 3.0–6.3), age (B = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.9–4.3), and BMI z-score (B = −0.7, 95% CI = −1.4–−0.1) were independently related to sit-and-reach. Age (B = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.0–4.7), BF% (B = −0.3, 95% CI = −0.4–−0.2), and muscle weight (B = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.2–1.2) were independently associated with 1-min sit-ups. In addition to demography, anthropometry and BC provided additional information concerning some PF levels in school-aged children. Weight management and PF promotion should be addressed simultaneously in terms of preventive medicine and health promotion for children.

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Eating Disorders in Top Elite Beach Handball Players: Cross Sectional Study

Children ◽

10.3390/children8030245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 245

Author(s):

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

Manuel Vicente-Martínez ◽

Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽

Laura Miralles-Amorós ◽

María Martínez-Olcina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Eating Attitudes ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eat 26

(1) Background: The preoccupation with the increasing appearance of eating disorders (ED) in athletes continues to grow, especially in athletes who practice team sports. ED severely affects the eating habits of the athletes, who tend to use unhealthy approaches to control their body weight. The development of nutritional education and early interventions by training staff is essential, and these factors are widely perceived as beneficial in sports medicine. This study evaluates the frequency at which beach handball (BH) players develop ED, also comparing the differences by sex and age (junior: adolescents vs. senior: young adults). In addition, the relation between body composition variables and ED was studied. (2) Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 69 top elite handball players (36 males and 33 females) from the Spanish National BH Team; who were separated by age (junior: adolescents and senior: young adults). The athletes completed the Eating Attitudes Test in its 26 item version (EAT-26). (3) Results: The prevalence of ED indicated that 11% of females had a high possibility of developing an ED, and 3% of males. Regarding the EAT-26 total score and subscales, no significant differences were found between female and male participants, or between the junior and senior categories. The correlations showed an association between body composition, in terms of body mass index, and the EAT-26 total score in both males and females. In the case of males, the correlation was negative. (4) Conclusions: Although there are no significant differences between sex or categories, it has been found that elite athletes are a population that is at high risk of developing ED.

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