scholarly journals Pathological findings in spontaneously dead and euthanized sows – a descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Ala-Kurikka ◽  
Camilla Munsterhjelm ◽  
Paula Bergman ◽  
Taina Laine ◽  
Henna Pekkarinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Locomotor System

Abstract Background A high rate of euthanized and spontaneously dead sows causes production losses and likely indicates underlying welfare problems. Identification of predisposing factors to on-farm deaths requires a thorough understanding of the causes. Post-mortem examination is needed for a proper diagnosis. The aims of this descriptive study were to determine causes of spontaneous deaths and euthanasia in sows in a convenience sample of Finnish herds and to describe pathological findings in the locomotor system and in teeth and gums. Results This study described post-mortem findings in 65 sows found dead or euthanized on 15 farms. All but one of the sows presented with two or more pathological findings. The majority of primary pathologic-anatomic diagnoses (PAD-1) were inflammatory. The most prevalent diagnoses were arthritis and peritonitis (9% of sows each). The locomotor system was the body part most commonly affected by lesions. Findings in the locomotor system unassociated with death were present in 85% of the animals, additionally 29% of PAD-1 s concerned the locomotor system. The prevalence for both degenerative joint disease and tooth wear was 71%. Farmers had noted clinical signs within 30 days of death in every euthanized sow and in half of the spontaneously dead ones. The farmer’s impression of the cause of death agreed at least partly with the PAD-1 in 44% of the cases. Conclusion Multiple pathologies were the norm in the present animals. This may indicate an extended course of illness and therefore also an unnecessary delay in medical treatment or euthanasia. The prevalence and clinical relevance of the most common disorders, including degenerative joint disease and tooth wear, need to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Degenerative joint disease in cattle and buffaloes in the Amazon region: a retrospective study

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Diomedes Barbosa ◽  
Danillo Henrique S. Lima ◽  
Alessandra S. Belo-Reis ◽  
Cleyton P. Pinheiro ◽  
Melina G.S. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss

A retrospective study of the epidemiological and clinic-pathological aspects of cattle and buffaloes with degenerative joint disease (DJD) was conducted in the state of Pará, Brazil. From 1999 to 2014, eleven cattle and 24 buffaloes were evaluated. All the treated animals with suspected DJD underwent a clinical examination of the musculoskeletal system. In seven cattle and eight buffaloes with clinical signs of the disease postmortem examination was performed. The common clinical signs observed in both species were chronic lameness, stiff gait, postural changes, audible crackles in the affected limb, prolonged recumbency, difficulty in getting up and progressive weight loss. The lesions observed at necropsy were: irregular articular surfaces, erosion of the articular cartilage and the underlying bone tissue, and proliferation of the periarticular bone tissue with formation of osteophytes. The most affected joints in cattle and buffaloes wereof the hind limb. In buffaloes, the main predisposing factor to the onset of DJD was phosphorus deficiency. In cattle, defects of the anatomical conformation of the hind limbs, chronic trauma due to the activities performed, such as semen collection, and advanced age possibly contributed to the emergence of the disease.

scholarly journals The pathophysiology and medical management of canine osteoarthritis : continuing education

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vaughan-Scott ◽  
J.H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Cartilage ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Canine Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease is a condition characterised by degeneration of articular cartilage often associated with the formation of new bone at joint surfaces or margins. Commonly encountered in dogs, osteoarthritis may have a gradual onset, but may also occur acutely. Osteoarthritis can be a primary disease of joint cartilage, but is more often secondary to abnormal stresses on joints. This article describes the pathogenesis and progression of cartilage degeneration as well as the dietary, lifestyle and pharmacological management of osteoarthritis. Recent pharmacological developments allow the clinician not only to control clinical signs of the disease, but also to slow the progression of cartilage degeneration.

Diagnosis of shoulder instability in dogs and cats: a retrospective study

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Bardet
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Glenohumeral Instability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arthroscopic Findings ◽  
Stability Results

The glenohumeral joint is a remarkable articulation providing the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. Glenohumeral stability results from several mechanisms, including those that do not require expenditure of energy by muscle ("passive mechanisms") and those that do ("active mechanisms"). Glenohumeral instability has been recognized in 47 shoulders of 45 dogs and one cat. Cases are presented because of chronic foreleg lameness. Shoulder joint pain is obviated by the orthopedic examination. Only 57% of the involved shoulders presented with degenerative joint disease. Signs of instability are recognized under anesthesia using a craniocaudal or mediolateral drawer sign or both. This report describes the radiographic and arthroscopic findings of shoulder instability. Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint allows identification of all intra-articular pathologies. Shoulder instability, not fully recognized in the past, appears to be the most common cause of shoulder lameness in the dog.

Curcumin as adjuvant therapy to Meloxicam in treatment of patients with knee Osteoarthritis; Evaluation of antioxidant activity

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Oxford Knee Score ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that doubled in prevalence since the mid of 20th century most commonly due to obesity and aging. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body. The pathogenesis of OA is multifactorial influenced by range of biochemical and mechanical factors. Oxidative stress is described to play an important role in many diseases including OA. Accumulating evidences suggested the beneficial effect of anti-oxidants for reducing OA severity. Curcumin is a well-known antioxidant agent that acts by different mechanisms in modulating oxidative stress status. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of curcumin as adjuvent therapy to a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, meloxicam, in the management of knee osteoarthritis. This prospective open-labelled randomized controlled study was carried out on forty-two eligible patients who were allocated in two groups, serum superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured at baseline and after 3 months of the study. Pain and physical function assessment were evaluated by oxford knee score (OKS). Results illustrated highly significant improvement in pain and physical function scores when curcumin used as adjuvant to meloxicam, also curcumin supplementation resulted in significant increase in SOD3 serum level and only a modest decrease in GR serum level when compared to meloxicam alone. In conclusion, this study demonstrated benefit of curcumin when used in combination with meloxicam over using meloxicam alone in modulating antioxidant parameters in blood, in addition to significantly improving pain and physical function after 3 months of treatment.

Arthritides Affecting the Foot: Radiographic—Pathological Correlation

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Guerra ◽  
Donald Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Pathological Correlation ◽  
Pathological Material ◽  
Seronegative Spondylarthropathies ◽  
Crystal Induced Arthritis

Arthritic disorders affect the bones and soft tissues of the foot just as they affect the bones and soft tissues of the hand. However, the resulting characteristic patterns of involvement have been largely neglected in previous descriptions of radiographic and pathological findings in articular diseases. This article reviews the pathogenesis of the microscopic and gross pathology of some common arthritides affecting the foot, and supports the pathological material with correlating radiographs. Rheumatoid arthritis, the seronegative spondylarthropathies, crystal-induced arthritis, degenerative joint disease, and septic arthritis are covered.

scholarly journals KORELASI PANJANG RADIUS DENGAN TINGGI BADAN PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNSRAT ANGKATAN 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja M. Simatupang ◽  
Shane H. R. Ticoalu ◽  
Djon Wongkar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Radial Length ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract: There has been an increase in cases of post-mortem mutilated victims in recent years. Therefore, investigators have to use some methods to identify the mutilated victims. Measuring the length of a body when it is still intact is not difficult, but the challenge will arise when the body has undergone severe damage or is not intact anymore. This study aimed to determine the correlation of the length of the radius to height. This was a descriptive study. Samples were 140 students (males and females) of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The results showed that by using the regression coefficient in males: height = 84 + 3.2 x average radial length, the regression coefficient 3.2 means that a male’s height increases 3.2 cm for each 1 cm increase of radial length. However, the regression coefficient for females: height = 56 + 4.1 x average radial length, the regression coefficient 4.1 means that height increases 4.1 cm for each 1 cm increase of radial length. Conclusion: Height can be determined by the avereage radial length by using the regression coefficients for males 4.1 and for females 3.2. Keywords: gender, radial length, height.   Abstrak: Terjadinya peningkatan kasus-kasus korban mutilasi pada akhir-akhir ini membuat penulis berpikir bahwa proses identifikasi sangat dibutuhkan oleh penyidik untuk mengungkap identitas korban mutilasi tersebut. mengukur panjang badan jenazah bila masih utuh bukanlah merupakan suatu pekerjaan yang sulit, namun kesulitan akan muncul bila jenazah mengalami kerusakan yang sangat hebat atau tidak lagi utuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai korelasi panjang radius dengan tinggi badan pada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Sampel terdiri dari 140 mahasiswa/i. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pada laki-laki tinggi badan (TB) = 84 + 3,2 x panjang rata-rata radius. Nilai koefisien regresi 3,2 berarti tinggi badan pada laki-laki akan bertambah sebesar 3,2 cm bila panjang rata-rata tulang radius bertambah 1 cm. Pada perempuan TB= 56 + 4,1 x panjang rata-rata radius. Nilai koefisien regresi 4,1 berarti tinggi badan pada perempuan akan bertambah sebesar 4,1 cm bila panjang rata-rata tulang radius bertambah 1 cm. Simpulan: Tinggi badan dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan panjang rata-rata radius dan koefisien regresi yaitu untuk laki-laki 4,1 dan untuk perempuan 3,2. Kata kunci: jenis kelamin, panjang radius, tinggi badan.

scholarly journals Retrospective study of radiographic changes in athletic bulls with orthopedic disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 858-862
Author(s):  
Bruno F. Cholfe ◽  
José R.B. Silva ◽  
Alfredo M. Filho ◽  
Caroline G. Souza ◽  
Antônio M.T. Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Radiographic Changes

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the lesions that affect athlete bulls and to correlate the disorders with weight, age, affected limb and region of the limb. The present study was accomplished using radiographic images of athletic rodeo bulls collected from the medical and surgical records of the large animal service at the veterinary hospital. Radiographic images were evaluated for 136 bulls that were taken care of at the Veterinary Hospital, ranging in age from 4 to 13 years, with an average weight of 800kg and proven prior physical activity through participation in rodeos. The chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the association between the studied variables. It was observed that 71.6% of the bulls studied and suffering from lameness had radiographic lesions, predominantly in experienced animals. Enthesopathy in starter and experienced bulls, septic arthritis in starter bulls, and fractures and degenerative joint disease in experienced bulls were the most frequent radiographic lesions diagnosed. The region of limb where the majority of radiographic changes occurred was the digits. Risk factors and occurrence of diseases of the locomotor system in athletic bulls are similar to those in sport equines.

Selected skeletal morphology and pathology of moose from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and Isle Royale, Michigan

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2812-2817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf O. Peterson ◽  
Joseph M. Scheidler ◽  
Philip W. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Isle Royale ◽  
Skeletal Morphology

Age-specific parameters of growth and incidence of skeletal pathology were determined for moose populations at Kenai, Alaska, and Isle Royale, Michigan, primarily from skeletal remains of wolf-killed animals. Growth patterns, determined from the metatarsus, were similar for the two populations, with cessation of growth after the third summer. Kenai moose were consistently larger than Isle Royale moose after the first summer, with an average asymptote for metatarsal growth 3% greater. Size of Isle Royale calves was inversely correlated with winter severity prior to birth. The incidence of debilitating arthritis and periodontal disease increased with age, with a similar age of onset among female moose from both populations. Coxofemoral arthritis (degenerative joint disease) occurred more often among old (> 10 years) female moose from Isle Royale than from Kenai, probably contributing to a generally shorter life span. Periodontal disease occurred at a similar rate in both populations, despite a far greater rate of incisiform tooth wear in Kenai moose. The study furnished base-line data for a determination of trends in population quality and physical condition.

scholarly journals Stromal cell-derived factor-1 as a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204062231988253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bragg ◽  
William Gilbert ◽  
Ahmed M. Elmansi ◽  
Carlos M. Isales ◽  
Mark W. Hamrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Stromal Cell Derived Factor

With age, joints become subject to chronic inflammatory processes that lead to degeneration of articular cartilage. Although multifactorial, cytokines have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of these chronic disease states. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine that has been shown to be active in homeostatic mechanisms and developmental processes throughout the body, such as endochondral bone formation. SDF-1 plays a role in the transition from cartilage to bone. Although it has been shown to be a factor in normal development, it has also been shown to involve in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). In RA, SDF-1 has been shown to stimulate the recruitment of proinflammatory cells, as well as osteoclasts to the synovium, aiding in the facilitation of synovial degradation. Similarly, in OA, SDF-1 has been shown to regulate key proteins involved in the degradation of the cartilage of the joint. Because of its role in degenerative joint disease, SDF-1 has been investigated as a potential therapeutic target. Animal studies have been employing SDF-1 inhibitors, such as AMD3100 and T140, to study their effects on attenuating degenerative joint disease. These studies have shown promising results in slowing the progression of cartilage degradation and could potentially be used as therapeutic target for humans OA and RA.

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