scholarly journals The pathophysiology and medical management of canine osteoarthritis : continuing education

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vaughan-Scott ◽  
J.H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Cartilage ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Canine Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease is a condition characterised by degeneration of articular cartilage often associated with the formation of new bone at joint surfaces or margins. Commonly encountered in dogs, osteoarthritis may have a gradual onset, but may also occur acutely. Osteoarthritis can be a primary disease of joint cartilage, but is more often secondary to abnormal stresses on joints. This article describes the pathogenesis and progression of cartilage degeneration as well as the dietary, lifestyle and pharmacological management of osteoarthritis. Recent pharmacological developments allow the clinician not only to control clinical signs of the disease, but also to slow the progression of cartilage degeneration.

Maltol inhibits the progression of osteoarthritis via the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 signal pathway in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding-Chao Zhu ◽  
Yi-Han Wang ◽  
Jia-Hao Lin ◽  
Zhi-Min Miao ◽  
Jia-Jing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Articular Cartilage Degeneration

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and inflammation. Currently, there is hardly any effective treatment for OA due to its complicated pathology and...

scholarly journals Degenerative joint disease in cattle and buffaloes in the Amazon region: a retrospective study

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Diomedes Barbosa ◽  
Danillo Henrique S. Lima ◽  
Alessandra S. Belo-Reis ◽  
Cleyton P. Pinheiro ◽  
Melina G.S. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss

A retrospective study of the epidemiological and clinic-pathological aspects of cattle and buffaloes with degenerative joint disease (DJD) was conducted in the state of Pará, Brazil. From 1999 to 2014, eleven cattle and 24 buffaloes were evaluated. All the treated animals with suspected DJD underwent a clinical examination of the musculoskeletal system. In seven cattle and eight buffaloes with clinical signs of the disease postmortem examination was performed. The common clinical signs observed in both species were chronic lameness, stiff gait, postural changes, audible crackles in the affected limb, prolonged recumbency, difficulty in getting up and progressive weight loss. The lesions observed at necropsy were: irregular articular surfaces, erosion of the articular cartilage and the underlying bone tissue, and proliferation of the periarticular bone tissue with formation of osteophytes. The most affected joints in cattle and buffaloes wereof the hind limb. In buffaloes, the main predisposing factor to the onset of DJD was phosphorus deficiency. In cattle, defects of the anatomical conformation of the hind limbs, chronic trauma due to the activities performed, such as semen collection, and advanced age possibly contributed to the emergence of the disease.

scholarly journals Bax Targeted by miR-29a Regulates Chondrocyte Apoptosis in Osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiqiang Miao ◽  
Xuehui Zang ◽  
Huige Hou ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Lihui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Chondrocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Reporter Assay ◽  
Proapoptotic Protein ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Direct Target

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease, where chondrocyte apoptosis is responsible for cartilage degeneration. Bax is a well-known proapoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family, involved in a large number of physiological and pathological processes. However, the regulation mechanisms of Bax underlying chondrocyte apoptosis in OA remain unknown. In the present study, we determined the role of Bax in human OA and chondrocyte apoptosis. The results showed that Bax was upregulated in chondrocytes from the articular cartilage of OA patients and in cultured chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells treated by IL-1β. Bax was identified to be the direct target of miR-29a by luciferase reporter assay and by western blotting. Inhibition of miR-29a by the mimics protested and overexpression by miR-29a inhibitors aggravated ATDC5 apoptosis induced by IL-1β. These data reveal that miR-29a/Bax axis plays an important role in regulating chondrocyte apoptosis and suggest that targeting the proapoptotic protein Bax and increasing expression levels of miR-29a emerge as potential approach for protection against the development of OA.

Mechanical Work during Stress-field Translation in the Human TMJ

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Gallo ◽  
G. Chiaravalloti ◽  
L.R. Iwasaki ◽  
J.C. Nickel ◽  
S. Palla
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Human Participants

The pathomechanics of degenerative joint disease of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) may involve fatigue produced by mechanical work on the articulating tissues. This study tested the hypotheses that mechanical work in the TMJ (i) varies with the type of mandibular activity, and (ii) is evenly distributed over TMJ surfaces. Ten healthy human participants were recorded with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and jaw tracking. The data were used to reconstruct and animate TMJ activity. Aspect ratios, instantaneous velocities, and distances of stress-fields translation were used to calculate work (mJ). The results were analyzed by least-squares polynomial regression and ANOVA. Work magnitudes were related to peak velocity (R2 = 0.92) and distance of stress-field translation (R2 = 0.83), and were distributed over the joint surfaces (p < 0.03). During mandibular laterotrusion, average mechanical work was 1.5 times greater in the contralateral joint. Peak magnitudes of work (> 3000 mJ) were 4 times that previously reported.

scholarly journals The Role of Fibrosis in Osteoarthritis Progression

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Yeri Alice Rim ◽  
Ji Hyeon Ju
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Total Joint Replacement ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Synovial Membrane Inflammation ◽  
Osteoarthritis Progression

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease where the main characteristics include cartilage degeneration and synovial membrane inflammation. These changes in the knee joint eventually dampen the function of the joint and restrict joint movement, which eventually leads to a stage where total joint replacement is the only treatment option. While much is still unknown about the pathogenesis and progression mechanism of OA, joint fibrosis can be a critical issue for better understanding this disease. Synovial fibrosis and the generation of fibrocartilage are the two main fibrosis-related characteristics that can be found in OA. However, these two processes remain mostly misunderstood. In this review, we focus on the fibrosis process in OA, especially in the cartilage and the synovium tissue, which are the main tissues involved in OA.

scholarly journals Sodium Monoiodoacetate Dose-Dependent Changes in Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inflammatory Components as Prognostic Factors for the Progression of Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bryk ◽  
Jakub Chwastek ◽  
Jakub Mlost ◽  
Magdalena Kostrzewa ◽  
Katarzyna Starowicz
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Bone Degradation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects people over 65 years old. During OA progression irreversible cartilage, synovial membrane and subchondral bone degradation is observed, which results in the development of difficult-to-treat chronic pain. One of the most important factors in OA progression is joint inflammation. Both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, as well as extracellular matrix degradation enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), play an important role in disease development. One of the most widely used animal OA models involves an intra-articular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) directly into the joint capsule, which results in glycolysis inhibition in chondrocytes and cartilage degeneration. This model mimics the degenerative changes observed in OA patients. However, the dose of MIA varies in the literature, ranging from 0.5 to 4.8 mg. The aim of our study was to characterize grading changes after injection of 1, 2 or 3 mg of MIA at the behavioral and molecular levels over a 28-day period. In the behavioral studies, MIA injection at all doses resulted in a gradual increase in tactile allodynia and resulted in abnormal weight bearing during free walking sequences. At several days post-OA induction, cartilage, synovial membrane and synovial fluid samples were collected, and qPCR and Western blot analyses were performed. We observed significant dose- and time-dependent changes in both gene expression and protein secretion levels. Inflammatory factors (CCL2, CXCL1, IL-1β, COMP) increased at the beginning of the experiment, indicating a transient inflammatory state connected to the MIA injection and, in more severe OA, also in the advanced stages of the disease. Overall, the results in the 1 mg MIA group were not consistently clear, indicating that the lowest tested dose may not be sufficient to induce long-lasting OA-like changes at the molecular level. In the 2 mg MIA group, significant alterations in the measured factors were observed. In the 3 mg MIA group, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 levels showed very strong upregulation, which may cause overly strong reactions in animals. Therefore, a dose of 2 mg appears optimal, as it induces significant but not excessive OA-like changes in a rat model.

scholarly journals Platelet-rich plasma intra-articular injections as an alternative treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Elena Sîrbu ◽  
Șerban Gligor ◽  
Corina Pantea
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Symptomatic Knee

Abstract Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and hypertrophic lesions of the epiphyseal bone. It is a disabling condition that causes difficulties of locomotion and severe complications in case of inappropriate treatment. There is growing evidence proving the beneficial effects of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The aim of the present paper is to review the recent scientific literature on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with platelet-rich plasma presenting the current opinion on this subject. Methods: We analys several studies about PRP who were identified using online databases: EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Scopus and PubMed. Results: After the primary analysis we selected a total of 23 relevant studies. The analysis focused on different PRP administration techniques and methods used in knee osteoarthritis. Conclusions: PRP is most widely used in incipient and moderate symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Most studies show a significant decrease in pain and significant improvement in joint functionality. These results were mostly obtained after a short follow-up period (6 months-1 year) and also this treatment has a small number of side effects.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-10a-3p Improves Cartilage Degeneration by Regulating CH25H-CYP7B1-RORα Mediated Cholesterol Metabolism in Knee Osteoarthritis Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Li ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqing Shi ◽  
Taiyang Liao ◽  
Nongshan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Mirna Sequencing ◽  
Ecm Degradation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide degenerative joint disease that seriously impaired the quality of life of patients. OA has been established as a disease with metabolic disorder. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) was proved to play a key role in cartilage cholesterol metabolism. However, the biological function and mechanism of CH25H in OA remains further investigation. Growing researches have proved the vital roles of miRNAs in OA progression. In this study, we screened out miR-10a-3p through high-throughput miRNA sequencing which may bind to CH25H. Molecular mechanism investigation indicated that miR-10a-3p is an upstream target of CH25H. Functional exploration revealed miR-10a-3p suppressed the inflammatory responses, cholesterol metabolism and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in primary chondrocytes. Moreover, rescue assays implied that miR-10a-3p reversed CH25H plasmids induced inflammatory cytokine production and ECM degradation. Furthermore, the OA rat model was established to explore the function of miR-10a-3p in vivo. The results showed that miR-10a-3p can recover the OA features through targeting CH25H/CYP7B1/RORα axis. In conclusion, these findings implied a crucial role of miR-10a-3p/CH25H/CYP7B1/RORα axis in OA, which may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for OA.

scholarly journals Etiology, pathophysiology and conservative management of degenerative joint disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Slavica Jandric
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Diseases ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Degenerative Joint Diseases

Etiology of degenerative joint diseases Etiology of degenerative joint diseases is still not clearly understood and there is no specific management for this group of diseases. Various pathological conditions cause damage of the articular cartilage and lead to clinically and radiographically recognized impairment. Biomechanical, metabolic, genetic factors inflammation and other risk factors contribute to development of osteoarthrosis. Pathophysiology of degenerative joint diseases Osteoarthrosis is characterized by progressive erosion of articular cartilage and bone overgrowth at the joint margins. Cartilage integrity requires balance between synthesis and degradation of matrix components. Chondrocytes react to various mechanical and chemical stresses in order to stabilize and restore the tissue. Failures in stabilizing and restoring the tissue lead to cartilage degeneration that may be irreversibile. For better understanding of conservative management of degenerative joint diseases it is important to know the impact of pathophysiology mechanisms on development of degenerative joint diseases. There is great variability in the rate of progression of erosive processes in articular cartilage in clinical radiographic signs and course of the disease. This is in relation with many factors, as well as with management and response to therapy. Treatment of degenerative joint diseases Treatment should vary depending on the severity of disease and patient's expectations and level of activity. Besides analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, conventional and not conventional treatment and techniques can be used for management of osteoarthrosis. Physical therapy and exercises are very important for maintaining muscle strength, joint stability and mobility, but should be closely monitored for optimal efficacy.

scholarly journals Comparison of early-stage changes of osteoarthritis in cartilage and subchondral bone between two different rat models

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutao Yang ◽  
Peiran Li ◽  
Songsong Zhu ◽  
Ruiye Bi
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Bone Change ◽  
Subchondral Bone Change

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and the major cause of joint pain and disability in the elderly. It is mainly characterized by articular cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. There are two main types of OA: natural occurring OA and secondary OA, mainly associated with aging and trauma, respectively. In this study, we established two OA models in rat knee joints to simulate the two types of OA, using the type II collagenase injection (CI) and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), respectively. After intervention for 2–6 weeks, cartilage and subchondral bone changes were detected in histological staining, immunochemistry, and micro-CT. Results showed that both models with typical pathology changes of OA were successfully induced, while the development and severity of OA process in the models were different. In ACLT rats, the cartilage damage was milder, lasted for a shorter time, and subchondral bone reconstruction occurred earlier, compared with the changes in CI rats. The cartilage damage was secondary to subchondral bone change in ACLT rats, while subchondral bone change was secondary to cartilage degeneration in CI rats. In conclusion, the interaction between cartilage and subchondral bone is different between the natural-occurring and secondary OA models. These two models not only suggest potential different mechanisms of the two types of OA, but also provide new directions for OA treatment and prevention.

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