Changes of blood pressure, abdominal visceral fat tissue and gene expressions in fetal programming induced rat model after amlodipine–losartan combination treatment

Being born extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks’ gestation) or extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1000 g birthweight) may predict increased cardiometabolic risk in adulthood, but other early life predictors are less well described. We aimed to (1) compare cardiovascular health profiles between 165 adults born EP/ELBW and 127 controls at age 25 years, drawn from a prospective longitudinal cohort study, recruited at birth in 1991 to 1992; and (2) in the EP/ELBW group, determine early life associations of cardiovascular health. Cardiovascular health profiles were calculated individually for measures of anthropometry, abdominal visceral fat, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipids, C-reactive protein, vascular indices, exercise tolerance and smoking status, and summed for an overall score. Cardiovascular health profiles were compared between groups; using logistic regression (individual scores) and the Mann-Whitney U test (cumulative score). Compared with controls, adults born EP/ELBW had less favorable cardiovascular health profiles; individually for abdominal visceral fat (odds ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.33–0.96], P =0.03), blood pressure (odds ratio 0.38 [95% CI, 0.23–0.63], P <0.001), exercise capacity (odds ratio 0.37 [95% CI, 0.22–0.63], P <0.001), and fasting glucose (odds ratio 0.51 [95% CI, 0.31–0.84], P =0.01) and overall (median [interquartile range] 10 [7–11] versus 11 [9–12], P =0.007). Male sex predicted unfavorable abdominal visceral fat, blood pressure and fasting glucose, and favorable exercise capacity. Greater increases in weight Z scores between 2 and 8, and 8 and 18 years predicted less favorable profiles of exercise capacity and visceral fat. Longer-term follow-up is critical to determine the cardiovascular sequelae of adults born EP/ELBW.

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Comparison Between Two Methods of Bioelectrical Impedance Analyses for Measuring Abdominal Visceral Fat Tissue

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.14740/jem518w ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 76-78

Author(s):

Hidetaka Hamasaki ◽

Yasuteru Hamasaki

Keyword(s):

Visceral Fat ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Abdominal Visceral Fat

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of General and abdominal obesity and abdominal visceral fat accumulation associated with coronary artery calcification in Korean men.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.6429956.6594054 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Allison ◽

Nicole Jensky

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

Abdominal Visceral Fat

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Effect of Glutathione on Blood Pressure, Postnatal Lung Growth and Neonatal Outcome In A Rat Model of Pre-Eclampsia

Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences ◽

10.21608/besps.2008.36839 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 91-106

Author(s):

Marwa Ahmed ◽

Omayma Ahmed ◽

Asmaa Hassan ◽

Tarek Mostafa

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Rat Model ◽

Neonatal Outcome ◽

Lung Growth

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Oxidative Stress Mediates the Fetal Programming of Hypertension by Glucocorticoids

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10040531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 531

Author(s):

Jeremy Lamothe ◽

Sandhya Khurana ◽

Sujeenthar Tharmalingam ◽

Chad Williamson ◽

Collin J. Byrne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Fetal Programming ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase 1 ◽

Protein Levels

The field of cardiovascular fetal programming has emphasized the importance of the uterine environment on postnatal cardiovascular health. Studies have linked increased fetal glucocorticoid exposure, either from exogenous sources (such as dexamethasone (Dex) injections), or from maternal stress, to the development of adult cardiovascular pathologies. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, alterations in gene expression driven by altered oxidative stress and epigenetic pathways are implicated in glucocorticoid-mediated cardiovascular programming. Antioxidants, such as the naturally occurring polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), or the superoxide dismutase (SOD) 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (TEMPOL), have shown promise in the prevention of cardiovascular dysfunction and programming. This study investigated maternal antioxidant administration with EGCG or TEMPOL and their ability to attenuate the fetal programming of hypertension via Dex injections in WKY rats. Results from this study indicate that, while Dex-programming increased blood pressure in male and female adult offspring, administration of EGCG or TEMPOL via maternal drinking water attenuated Dex-programmed increases in blood pressure, as well as changes in adrenal mRNA and protein levels of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), in a sex-specific manner. Furthermore, programmed male offspring displayed reduced antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) expression, increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase (CAT) expression, and increased pro-oxidant NADPH oxidase activator 1 (Noxa1) expression in the adrenal glands. In addition, prenatal Dex exposure alters expression of epigenetic regulators histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1, 5, 6, 7, 11, in male and HDAC7 in female offspring. These results suggest that glucocorticoids may mediate the fetal programming of hypertension via alteration of epigenetic machinery and oxidative stress pathways.

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Influence of methyltestosterone postmenopausal therapy on plasma lipids, inflammatory factors, glucose metabolism and visceral fat: a randomized study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.02065 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 154 (1) ◽

pp. 131-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lenora M Camarate S M Leão ◽

Mônica Peres C Duarte ◽

Dalva Margareth B Silva ◽

Paulo Roberto V Bahia ◽

Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Increased Risk

Background: There has been a growing interest in treating postmenopausal women with androgens. However, hyperandrogenemia in females has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of androgen replacement on cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 42–62 years that had undergone hysterectomy were prospectively enrolled in a double-blind protocol to receive, for 12 months, percutaneous estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day) combined with either methyltestosterone (MT) (1.25 mg/day) or placebo. Methods: Along with treatment, we evaluated serum E2, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index, lipids, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; blood pressure; body-mass index; and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass as assessed by computed tomography. Results: A significant reduction in SHBG (P < 0.001) and increase in free testosterone index (P < 0.05; Repeated measures analysis of variance) were seen in the MT group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered to a similar extent by both regimens, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in the androgen group. MT-treated women showed a modest rise in body weight and gained visceral fat mass relative to the other group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant detrimental effects on fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of low-dose oral MT and percutaneous E2, for 1 year, does not result in expressive increase of cardiovascular risk factors. This regimen can be recommended for symptomatic postmenopausal women, although it seems prudent to perform baseline and follow-up lipid profile and assessment of body composition, especially in those at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

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