scholarly journals A rapid realist review of patient engagement in patient-oriented research and health care system impacts: part one

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Zibrowski ◽  
Tracey Carr ◽  
Shelagh McDonald ◽  
Heather Thiessen ◽  
Ray van Dusen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Rapid Realist Review ◽  
Oriented Research

Abstract Background Patient-oriented research affords individuals with opportunities to genuinely contribute to health care research as members of research teams. While checklists and frameworks can support academic researchers’ awareness of patient engagement methods, less guidance appears available to support their understanding of how to develop and maintain collaborative relationships with their patient partners. This knowledge is essential as patient partners report that the social atmospheres of research teams significantly impacts the quality of their experiences. This study sought to develop theory regarding how academic researchers support and sustain patient engagement in patient-oriented research. Methods A six-step, rapid realist review was conducted: (1) research question development, (2) preliminary theory development, (3) search strategy development; (4) study selection and appraisal, (4) data extraction, analysis and synthesis (5) identification of relevant formal theories, and (6) theory refinement with stakeholders. Findings were additionally distilled by collective competence theory. Results A program theory was developed from 62 international studies which illuminated mechanisms supporting academic researchers to engage patient partners, contexts supporting these mechanisms, and resources that enabled mechanism activation. Interaction between seven contexts (patient-oriented research belief, prior interaction with a healthcare system, prior interaction with a particular academic researcher, educational background of patient partner, prior experience with patient-oriented research, study type, and time lived in a rural-urban setting) and seven mechanisms (deciding to become involved in patient-oriented research, recognizing valuable experiential knowledge, cultural competence, reducing power differentials, respectful team environment, supporting patient partners to feel valued, and readiness to research) resulted in an intermediate outcome (sense of trust). Trust then acted as an eighth mechanism which triggered the final-level outcome (empowered patient-centred lens). Conclusions Our theory posits that if patient partners trust they are a member of a supportive team working alongside academic researchers who authentically want to incorporate their input, then they are empowered to draw upon their experiential knowledge of health care systems and contribute as researchers in patient-oriented research. Our theory extends conceptual thinking regarding the importance of trust on patient-oriented research teams, how patient partners’ trust is shaped by team interactions, and the role that academic researchers have within those interactions.

scholarly journals Developing a program theory of patient engagement in patient-oriented research and the impacts on the health care system: protocol for a rapid realist review

CMAJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. E530-E534
Author(s):  
Elaine Zibrowski ◽  
Shelagh McDonald ◽  
Heather Thiessen ◽  
Ray VanDusen ◽  
Catherine Boden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Program Theory ◽  
Rapid Realist Review ◽  
Oriented Research ◽  
Care System

scholarly journals Care Planning: What Works, for Whom, and in What Circumstances? A Rapid Realist Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 2250-2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Brown ◽  
Monique Lhussier ◽  
Sonia M. Dalkin ◽  
Simon Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
What Works ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Care planning has been described as a “better conversation” that helps people with long-term conditions to be in control of planning their care. Each person with long-term conditions faces individual challenges and each health care setting is fundamentally different, so there is a need for empirical testing of the specific mechanisms through which care planning may lead to health improvements. A rapid realist review was conducted to unearth underpinning mechanisms leading to outcomes in particular contexts. These are expressed in the form of realist theories, which are developed and refined through the review process. Fifty-one full text studies were included in the review. Seven program theories were iteratively tested and refined. A detailed description of what care planning is and what it should look like in practice has been achieved in the form of realist theories.

scholarly journals Patients’ engagement in primary care research: a case study in a Canadian context

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kanwar Bhati ◽  
Michael Fitzgerald ◽  
Claire Kendall ◽  
Simone Dahrouge
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Primary Care Research ◽  
Care Research ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Oriented Research

Plain English summary Patient engagement in primary care research is an increasingly common requirement, as it helps make research more relevant to patients and therefore more valuable. However, there is limited evidence about the outcomes on engagement and actually how it affects research. In Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research has a Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR), which in 2016 funded Ontario’s INSPIRE-PHC centre of excellence and its Patient Engagement Resource Centre (PERC). PERC conducted an online survey of the three INSPIRE-PHC studies that engaged patients to guide their research. We found that patient partners (PPs) were positive about their experience during research meetings, the value of collaboration, and the support that was provided. They were more involved in early stages of their research projects than in ongoing research activities. PPs valued their experience and also felt they had improved the research process and outcomes. This case study showed how PPs perceive their roles, but a more diverse group of PPs might have more differences in their experience. Abstract Background Patient engagement in primary care research is increasing and is now an expectation in many countries and funding agencies. In Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) has mandated that patients be included as partners to guide the research process. Ontario’s Patient Engagement Resource Centre (PERC) was established in 2016 by the INNOVATIONS STRENGTHENING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE THROUGH RESEARCH (INSPIRE-PHC), one of 12 centres of excellence in the province funded under the CIHR’s Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) initiative. PERC’s mission is to support the authentic engagement of patients in primary care research. The present case study examines patients’ experience of engagement in INSPIRE-PHC research studies. Methods PERC conducted a web-based evaluation survey across the three INSPIRE-PHC studies that engaged patient partners (PPs). We used data collection tools developed by McMaster University (the Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool (PPEET)) and the Patient-Centred Outcomes Research Institute (Ways of Engaging- ENgagement ACtivity Tool (WE-ENACT)) to assess patient experience and areas of involvement. These included both closed- and open-ended questions. Results The quantitative data showed that PPs were positive about their experience during research meetings, the value of collaboration, and the support that was provided to facilitate engagement. Most of them were highly involved in the initial stages of their research projects but much less involved in operational activities. The qualitative findings showed that, overall, PPs valued their experience, felt prepared to contribute and that their contributions were welcomed. In particular, they considered that they had improved the research process and outcomes. The majority also reported that they had learned from the experience and found it valuable. Conclusions This case study shows that patients engaged in three primary care research studies found the experience to be positive and felt that they had contributed to the research. This study adds to the literature on the evaluation of patient engagement in primary health care research. However, a study of a more diverse sample of PPs might elucidate differences in experience that could enrich future patient engagement activities.

« Фабрики Мысли » и Центры Публичной Политики в России и в Других Пост-Комунистических Странах: Развитие и Функции

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-55
Author(s):  
Александр Сунгуров
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Open Policy ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
And Function ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Oriented Research

Alexander Sungurov “Think Tanks” and Public Policy Centers in Russia and Other Post-Communist Countries: Development and Function The main objective of this paper is the analysis of the development of Think Tanks and Public Policy Centers in Russia and other post-communist countries. Think Tanks are small practically oriented research teams comprising both academic researchers and experts who are familiar with political practices and capable of implementing proposed solutions to topical problems in social and political life. In the community of Think Tanks, which usually carry out commissions we can distinguish one type, the activities of which are based on a socially significant idea, i.e. the promotion of development in post-authoritarian and post-communist states by encouraging truly public and open policy. In early 21st century such organizations were named “Public Policy Centers” (PPC).

scholarly journals Rapid Realist Review of School-Based Physical Activity Interventions in 7- to 11-Year-Old Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Defever ◽  
Michelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Meta-analysis of physical activity interventions in school settings have revealed low efficacy and that there is a need to explore implementation fidelity. The aim of this rapid realist review was to determine, what physical activity interventions in school settings for children aged 7- to 11-years-old works, for whom, and in what circumstances. The realist synthesis was conducted following RAMESES guidelines. Relevant studies were identified following a systematic search process and data from 28 studies was extracted for evidence to form context-mechanism-outcome configurations that were clustered and refined. Using the five-level socioecological model, the program theories were classified into the levels of intrapersonal (child), interpersonal (teachers), institutional (program content, school administration, and school environment), community (home and neighborhood), and policy. The school level led to most context-mechanism-outcome configurations related to school leadership and policy, workforce structure, program characteristics, and school environment. At each level, we identified features of interventions, alongside implementation considerations that might work to promote efficacy and sustainability. The need to recognize the school environment as part of a complex system with multi-level interaction and influences was a key finding. In line with realist philosophy, the researchers encouraged primary research to confirm, refute, and refine the program theories presented.

scholarly journals A Rapid Realist Review of Group Psychological First Aid for Humanitarian Workers and Volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Julia Corey ◽  
Frédérique Vallières ◽  
Timothy Frawley ◽  
Aoife De Brún ◽  
Sarah Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological First Aid ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Humanitarian workers are at an elevated risk of occupational trauma exposure and its associated psychological consequences, and experience increased levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the general population. Psychological first aid (PFA) aims to prevent acute distress reactions from developing into long-term distress by instilling feelings of safety, calmness, self- and community efficacy, connectedness and hope. Group PFA (GPFA) delivers PFA in a group or team setting. This research sought to understand ‘What works, for whom, in what context, and why for group psychological first aid for humanitarian workers, including volunteers?’ A rapid realist review (RRR) was conducted. Initial theories were generated to answer the question and were subsequently refined based on 15 documents identified through a systematic search of databases and grey literature, in addition to the inputs from a core reference panel and two external experts in GPFA. The findings generated seven programme theories that addressed the research question and offered consideration for the implementation of GPFA for the humanitarian workforce across contexts and age groups. GPFA enables individuals to understand their natural reactions, develop adaptive coping strategies, and build social connections that promote a sense of belonging and security. The integrated design of GPFA ensures that individuals are linked to additional supports and have their basic needs addressed. While the evidence is sparce on GPFA, its ability to provide support to humanitarian workers is promising.

Effectiveness of Addiction Science Presentations to Treatment Professionals, Using a Modified Solomon Study Design

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlton K. Erickson ◽  
Richard E. Wilcox ◽  
Gary W. Miller ◽  
John H. Littlefield ◽  
Kenneth A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Instructional Effectiveness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Knowledge Gains ◽  
Changing Knowledge ◽  
Belief Changes ◽  
Retention Of Knowledge

Objectives: Knowledge of addiction research findings is critical for healthcare professionals who treat addicted patients. However, there is little information available about the instructional effectiveness of lecture-slide presentations in changing knowledge vs. beliefs of such professionals. Design: A modified Solomon four-group experimental design was used to assess the instructional effectiveness (knowledge gain vs. belief changes) of threehour addiction science workshops presented to health-care professionals by neurobiologically-trained academic researchers. Effectiveness of the workshops was assessed by a 28-item questionnaire on participant versus control group knowledge/beliefs on addiction. Six-month follow-up questionnaires measured “retention” of knowledge and belief changes. Results: The workshop participants showed significant knowledge gain and belief changes, whereas the two control groups showed no change in knowledge or beliefs. After six months, knowledge gains decreased, but were still higher than pre-test scores. In contrast, belief changes on three subscales persisted over six months in 40 to 52 percent of the subjects. Conclusions: These results illustrate a successful continuing education model by which academic researchers who are skilled teachers present a three-hour lecture-slide workshop with extensive question-and-answer sessions on addictions. We conclude that motivated health-care professionals can experience important knowledge gains and belief changes by participating in such workshops. In contrast to the transient retention of knowledge, belief changes persisted surprisingly well for at least six months in about half the subjects. These results suggest that long-term changes in the professional orientation of these health-care workers are possible.

scholarly journals Sharing Experiences and Expertise: The Health Care Systems Research Network Workshop on Patient Engagement in Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Madrid ◽  
Leah Tuzzio ◽  
Cheryl D Stults ◽  
Leslie A Wright ◽  
Gina Napolitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Patient Engagement In Research

scholarly journals A New Vision for Europe’s Bioeconomy in a Post-COVID World

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Finston ◽  
Nigel Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inclusive Leadership ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The Eu

In response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, the European Commission (EC) provided inclusive leadership, working as a team including EU member (national) officials, biopharmaceutical industry, NGOs, academic researchers and frontline health care personnel – acting with unprecedented collaboration and cohesion.  The emergence in early 2020 of the greatest public health threat in a century required new approaches and new collaborations. While the United States failed to provide leadership, the EU did not disappoint.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document