Unexpected increase of myocardial extracellular volume fraction in low cardiovascular risk HIV patients

Abstract Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) are prone to develop sub-clinical Cardiovascular (CV) disease, despite the effectiveness of combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). Algorithms developed to predict CV risk in the general population could be inaccurate when applied to PLWH. Myocardial Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) expansion, measured by computed tomography, has been associated with an increased CV vulnerability in HIV-negative population. Measurement of Myocardial Extra-Cellular Volume (ECV) by computed tomography or magnetic resonance, is considered a useful surrogate for clinical evaluation of ECM expansion. In the present study, we aimed to determine the extent of cardiovascular involvement in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with the use of a comprehensive cardiac computed tomography (CCT) approach.Materials and methods: In the present study, ECV in low atherosclerotic CV risk PLWH was compared with ECV of age and gender matched HIV- individuals. 53 asymptomatic HIV+ individuals (45 males, age 48 (42.5-48) years) on effective cART (CD4+ cell count: 450 cells/μL (IQR: 328-750); plasma HIV RNA: <37 copies/ml in all subjects) and 18 age and gender matched controls (14 males, age 55 (44.5-56) years) were retrospectively enrolled. All participants underwent CCT protocol to obtain native and postcontrast Hounsfield unit values of blood and myocardium, ECM was calculated accordingly.Results: The ECV was significantly higher in HIV+ patients than in the control group (ECV: 31% (IQR: 28%-31%) vs 27.4% (IQR: 25%-28%), p<0.001). The duration of cART (standardized β=0.56 (0.33-0.95), p=0.014) and the years of exposure to HIV infection (standardized β=0.53 (0.4-0.92), p<0.001), were positively and strongly associated with ECV values. Differences in ECV (p<0.001) were also observed regarding the duration of cART exposure (<5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years). Moreover, ECV was independently associated with age of participants (standardized β = 0.42 (0.33-0.89), p=0.084).Conclusions: HIV infection and exposure to antiretrovirals play a detrimental role on ECV expansion. An increase in ECV indicates ECM expansion, which has been associated to a higher CV risk in the general population. The non-invasive evaluation of ECM trough ECV could represent an important tool to further understand the relationship between HIV infection, cardiac pathophysiology and the increased CV risk observed in PLWH.

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Unexpected increase of myocardial extracellular volume fraction in low cardiovascular risk HIV patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-64907/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

CRISTIAN BORRAZZO ◽

Gabriella d'Ettorre ◽

Giancarlo Ceccarelli ◽

Massimiliano Pacilio ◽

Letizia Santinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

General Population ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Control Group ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Asymptomatic Hiv

Abstract Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) are prone to develop sub-clinical Cardiovascular (CV) disease, despite the effectiveness of combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). Algorithms developed to predict CV risk in the general population could be inaccurate when applied to PLWH. Myocardial Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) expansion, measured by computed tomography, has been associated with an increased CV vulnerability in HIV-negative population. Measurement of Myocardial Extra-Cellular Volume (ECV) by computed tomography or magnetic resonance, is considered a useful surrogate for clinical evaluation of ECM expansion. In the present study, we aimed to determine the extent of cardiovascular involvement in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with the use of a comprehensive cardiac computed tomography (CCT) approach.Materials and methods: In the present study, ECV in low atherosclerotic CV risk PLWH was compared with ECV of age and gender matched HIV- individuals. 53 asymptomatic HIV+ individuals (45 males, age 48 (42.5-48) years) on effective cART (CD4+ cell count: 450 cells/μL (IQR: 328-750); plasma HIV RNA: <37 copies/ml in all subjects) and 18 age and gender matched controls (14 males, age 55 (44.5-56) years) were retrospectively enrolled. All participants underwent CCT protocol to obtain native and postcontrast Hounsfield unit values of blood and myocardium, ECM was calculated accordingly.Results: The ECV was significantly higher in HIV+ patients than in the control group (ECV: 31% (IQR: 28%-31%) vs 27.4% (IQR: 25%-28%), p<0.001). The duration of cART (standardized β=0.56 (0.33-0.95), p=0.014) and the years of exposure to HIV infection (standardized β=0.53 (0.4-0.92), p<0.001), were positively and strongly associated with ECV values. Differences in ECV (p<0.001) were also observed regarding the duration of cART exposure (<5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years). Moreover, ECV was independently associated with age of participants (standardized β = 0.42 (0.33-0.89), p=0.084).Conclusions: HIV infection and exposure to antiretrovirals play a detrimental role on ECV expansion. An increase in ECV indicates ECM expansion, which has been associated to a higher CV risk in the general population. The non-invasive evaluation of ECM trough ECV could represent an important tool to further understand the relationship between HIV infection, cardiac pathophysiology and the increased CV risk observed in PLWH.

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Unexpected increase of myocardial extracellular volume fraction in low cardiovascular risk HIV patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41937/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

CRISTIAN BORRAZZO ◽

Gabriella d'Ettorre ◽

Giancarlo Ceccarelli ◽

Massimiliano Pacilio ◽

Letizia Santinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

General Population ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Control Group ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Asymptomatic Hiv

Abstract Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) are prone to develop sub-clinical Cardiovascular (CV) disease, despite the effectiveness of combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). Algorithms developed to predict CV risk in the general population could be inaccurate when applied to PLWH. Myocardial Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) expansion, measured by computed tomography, has been associated with an increased CV vulnerability in HIV-negative population. Measurement of Myocardial Extra-Cellular Volume (ECV) by computed tomography or magnetic resonance, is considered a useful surrogate for clinical evaluation of ECM expansion. In the present study, we aimed to determine the extent of cardiovascular involvement in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with the use of a comprehensive cardiac computed tomography (CCT) approach.Materials and methods: In the present study, ECV in low atherosclerotic CV risk PLWH was compared with ECV of age and gender matched HIV- individuals. 53 asymptomatic HIV+ individuals (45 males, age 48 (42.5-48) years) on effective cART (CD4+ cell count: 450 cells/μL (IQR: 328-750); plasma HIV RNA: <37 copies/ml in all subjects) and 18 age and gender matched controls (14 males, age 55 (44.5-56) years) were retrospectively enrolled. All participants underwent CCT protocol to obtain native and postcontrast Hounsfield unit values of blood and myocardium, ECM was calculated accordingly.Results: The ECV was significantly higher in HIV+ patients than in the control group (ECV: 31% (IQR: 28%-31%) vs 27.4% (IQR: 25%-28%), p<0.001). The duration of cART (standardized β=0.56 (0.33-0.95), p=0.014) and the years of exposure to HIV infection (standardized β=0.53 (0.4-0.92), p<0.001), were positively and strongly associated with ECV values. Differences in ECV (p<0.001) were also observed regarding the duration of cART exposure (<5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years). Moreover, ECV was independently associated with age of participants (standardized β = 0.42 (0.33-0.89), p=0.084).Conclusions: HIV infection and exposure to antiretrovirals play a detrimental role on ECV expansion. An increase in ECV indicates ECM expansion, which has been associated to a higher CV risk in the general population. The non-invasive evaluation of ECM trough ECV could represent an important tool to further understand the relationship between HIV infection, cardiac pathophysiology and the increased CV risk observed in PLWH.

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Usefulness of Multidetector Spiral Computed Tomography According to Age and Gender for Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Yearbook of Pulmonary Disease ◽

10.1016/s8756-3452(08)70661-3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 214-215

Author(s):

K.L. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Spiral Computed Tomography ◽

Spiral Computed ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Multidetector Spiral Computed Tomography

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A retrospective pilot study of correlation of first maxillary premolar root trunk length with age and gender: a cone beam computed tomography study

Minerva Stomatologica ◽

10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04228-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Pilloni ◽

Lorenza Montanaro ◽

Fabiola Dell'olmo ◽

Alberto Fonzar ◽

Francesco Cairo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Trunk Length ◽

And Gender

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Dental and periodontal disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-021-03835-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher X. W. Tan ◽

Henk S. Brand ◽

Bilgin Kalender ◽

Nanne K. H. De Boer ◽

Tymour Forouzanfar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Health Problems ◽

Control Group ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Preventive Dental Care ◽

Dmft Index ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

And Gender

Abstract Objectives Although bowel symptoms are often predominant, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients can have several oral manifestations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to an age and gender-matched control group of patients without IBD. Material and methods The DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) scores and the DPSI (Dutch Periodontal Screening Index) of 229 IBD patients were retrieved from the electronic health record patient database axiUm at the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) and were compared to the DMFT scores and DPSI from age and gender-matched non-IBD patients from the same database. Results The total DMFT index was significantly higher in the IBD group compared to the control group. When CD and UC were analyzed separately, a statistically significant increased DMFT index was observed in CD patients but not in UC patients. The DPSI did not differ significantly between the IBD and non-IBD groups for each of the sextants. However, in every sextant, IBD patients were more frequently edentulous compared to the control patients. Conclusion CD patients have significantly more dental health problems compared to a control group. Periodontal disease did not differ significantly between IBD and non-IBD groups as determined by the DPSI. Clinical relevance It is important that IBD patients and physicians are instructed about the correlation between their disease and oral health problems. Strict oral hygiene and preventive dental care such as more frequent checkups should be emphasized by dental clinicians.

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A Study of Wideband Energy Reflectance in Patients with Otosclerosis: Data from a Chinese Population

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/2070548 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Suju Wang ◽

Wenyang Hao ◽

Chunxiao Xu ◽

Daofeng Ni ◽

Zhiqiang Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resonance Frequency ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Ambient Pressure ◽

Control Group ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender ◽

And Control ◽

Peak Pressures

Objective(s). The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) in the diagnosis of otosclerosis by comparing the differences in the energy reflectance (ER) of WAI between patients with otosclerosis and age- and gender-matched normal hearing controls in the Chinese population. Methods. Twenty surgically confirmed otosclerotic ears were included in the otosclerotic group. The ER of WAI at ambient and peak pressures, resonance frequency, and 226-Hz tympanogram were collected prior to surgery using a Titan hearing test platform (Interacoustics A/S, Middelfart, Denmark). All diagnoses of otosclerosis in the tested ear were confirmed by surgery after the measurements. Thirteen normal adults (26 ears) who were age- and gender-matched with the otosclerotic patients were included as the control group. Results. At peak pressure, the ERs of otosclerotic patients were higher than those of the control group for frequencies less than 4,000Hz and were lower for frequencies greater than 4,000Hz. In addition, within the analyzed frequencies, the differences observed at 2,520Hz was statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). At ambient pressure, the differences observed at 1,260 and 6,350Hz were statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). Although the differences between the otosclerotic and control groups exhibited similar trends to those in studies implemented in Caucasian populations, the norms in the present study in the control group were different from those in the Caucasian populations, suggesting racial differences in WAI test results. Regarding the middle ear resonance frequency, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. WAI can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of otosclerosis in the Chinese population. Norms and diagnostic criteria corresponding to the patient’s racial group are necessary to improve the efficiency of WAI in the diagnosis of otosclerosis.

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Immature granulocyte and other hematological inflammatory parameters in patients with migraine headache

10.51271/kmj-0025 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101-104

Keyword(s):

Complete Blood Count ◽

Control Group ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Inflammatory Parameters ◽

Group Data ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Immature Granulocyte ◽

And Gender

Background: Today, many hypotheses have been proposed in the pathogenesis of migraine. The inflammatory hypothesis is one of them. The immature granulocyte count (IGC) is also an inflammatory parameter which importance has been understood recently. There are no studies evaluating IGC in migraine. The aim of the study to investigate the levels of IGC and other hematological inflammatory parameters in migraine. Material and Method: Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients diagnosed with migraine who applied to Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital Neurology outpatient clinic between 07.01.2020 and 10.01.2021 were included in the study. 42 people with similar age and gender distribution were included for the control group. Data on laboratory tests, age and gender of patients were obtained from the hospital Laboratory Information System (LIS). CBC parameters of the patients at the first admission and before any treatment, calculated with an automated hematological analyzer (XN-1000-Hematology-analyzer-Sysmex Corporation, Japan) were analyzed. Using Complete Blood Count (CBC) data, neutrophil count (NEUT#), neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), lymphocyte percentage (LYMPH%), and IGC were recorded. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) values were calculated with the formula. Results: In our study, NLR and IGC was significantly higher than the healthy control group (p=0.002, p=0.025). PLR was also found to be high, but it was not statistically significant (p=0.063). Conclusion: The significantly higher NLR and IGC levels in migraine patients compared to the healthy controls support the role of inflammation in etiopathogenesis.

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Balance and motor coordination are not fully developed in 7 years old blind children

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2004000400016 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 62 (3a) ◽

pp. 654-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Andréa Sanchez Navarro ◽

Marcia Maiumi Fukujima ◽

Sissy Veloso Fontes ◽

Sandro Luiz de Andrade Matas ◽

Gilmar Fernandes do Prado

Keyword(s):

Visually Impaired ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Psychomotor Development ◽

Control Group ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Blind Children ◽

Spatial Parameters ◽

And Gender ◽

Impaired Children ◽

Visually Impaired Children

Visually impaired children show difficulties in recognizing their own bodies, objects around then and the spatial parameters that are essential for independent movement. This study analyzes the neuro-psychomotor development of a group of congenitally visually impaired children as compared to children with normal sight. We have evaluated two groups of seven-year-olds by means of neurological evolution examination (NEE). The group studied comprised 20 blind children and the control group comprised 20 children with normal sight, and they were paired up according to age and gender. In some tests, the blind children were guided by touch. The visually impaired children performed worse in tests evaluating balance and appendage coordination compared to normal sighted children (p< 0.001), and this suggests that visual deficiency impairs children's neuro-psychomotor development.

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Sexually transmitted infections among HIV positive patients: a five year retrospective study

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20184724 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

N. Saravanan ◽

Murugan Swamiappan ◽

Rajkumar Kannan ◽

G. Arul Raja

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Hiv And Aids ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Clinical Records

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the most well established risk factors for the spread of HIV infection. STIs act as cofactors and facilitators for HIV transmission. The effects of HIV infection on immunity can increase susceptibility to other STIs. The aims and objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of co-infection of sexually transmitted infections among people living with HIV and AIDS.Methods: A retrospective chart review of the data collected from the clinical records of all HIV patients who had attended the STI clinic of Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu during the five years period, from January 2013 to December 2017, was carried out. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, co-infection of STIs among HIV patients, laboratory investigations and treatment were collected. The data collected were computed and analyzed statistically.Results: During the study period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017 the total number of patients attended the STI clinic were 10825, among that males were 4534 (41.88%) and females were 6291 (58.12%). STIs/RTIs were seen in 2560 (23.65%) cases among the total number of patients attended. HIV was found to be positive in 294 cases, in that 168 (57.15%) were males and 126 (42.85%) were females. In male HIV patients, 51 (30.36%) had co-infection with other STIs/RTIs. In female HIV patients, 57 (45.24) % had co-infection with other STIs/RTIs. Viral STIs was the common co-infection seen in males and vaginal cervical discharge was common in females.Conclusions: STI/RTI co-infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic are common among PLHIV. Hence they should be regularly counselled regarding the significance of periodic screening for STI/RTIs avoidance of high risk sexual behaviour.

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