scholarly journals Changes in nocturnal insect communities in forest-dominated landscape relevant to artificial light intensity

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Hakbong ◽  
Cho Yong-Chan ◽  
Jung Sang-Woo ◽  
Kim Yoon-Ho ◽  
Lee Seung-Gyu
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Urban Sites

Abstract Background Artificial light at night has recently been identified as a major factor adversely affecting global insect diversity. Here, we compared the insect diversity in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, specifically in the Korea National Arboretum (with no artificial light at night), with that of three nearby urban sites with a gradient of artificial light at night (five locations at each site). We analyzed the effects of the artificial night lighting index, mean annual temperature, and field light intensity (lux) at night on the insect community structure. Results The urban sites generally exhibited higher species richness and abundance as well as clear indicator species compared with the control site. The size distribution of the collected insects markedly differed between the control and the three urban sites. The abundance of herbivorous and omnivorous insects increased and decreased, respectively, with the increase in light intensity. Species richness of herbivorous and omnivorous insects was likely correlated with the field light intensity at night and artificial night lighting index, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrates the association between nighttime environment and marked changes in insect community structure and revealed consequent transition of ecosystem services by changes in trophic group composition.

scholarly journals Moving in the Dark—Evidence for an Influence of Artificial Light at Night on the Movement Behaviour of European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Anne Berger ◽  
Briseida Lozano ◽  
Leon M. F. Barthel ◽  
Nadine Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Erinaceus Europaeus ◽  
The Mean

With urban areas growing worldwide comes an increase in artificial light at night (ALAN), causing a significant impact on wildlife behaviour and its ecological relationships. The effects of ALAN on nocturnal and protected European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are unknown but their identification is important for sustainable species conservation and management. In a pilot study, we investigated the influence of ALAN on the natural movement behaviour of 22 hedgehogs (nine females, 13 males) in urban environments. Over the course of four years, we equipped hedgehogs at three different study locations in Berlin with biologgers to record their behaviour for several weeks. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) tags to monitor their spatial behaviour, very high-frequency (VHF) loggers to locate their nests during daytime, and accelerometers to distinguish between active and passive behaviours. We compared the mean light intensity of the locations recorded when the hedgehogs were active with the mean light intensity of simulated locations randomly distributed in the individual’s home range. We were able to show that the ALAN intensity of the hedgehogs’ habitations was significantly lower compared to the simulated values, regardless of the animal’s sex. This ALAN-related avoidance in the movement behaviour can be used for applied hedgehog conservation.

Metal Content and Community Structure of Cryptogam Bioindicators in relation to Vehicular Traffic in Montseny Biosphere Reserve (Catalonia, Spain)

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Glenn ◽  
A. Gomez-Bolea ◽  
R. Lobello
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Fungal Parasites

AbstractThe health, abundance, metal content and species richness of corticolous macrolichens and bryophytes of Quercus ilex were compared at nine roadside stations in Montseny Biosphere Reserve, 40 km NNE of Barcelona, and at a control site outside the industrial metropolis. Stations were characterized by traffic levels and the correlated parameter airborne particles. Corticolous flora at all stations was dominated by sorediate Parmelia species (P. caperata, P. soredians, P. subrudecta, P. subaurifera, P. sulcata and P. perlata). Damage, mainly due to arthropod feeding and fungal parasites, ranged from 14 to 33% of mean cover per station in the park and was 10% at the control site. Elevated levels of Pb, Zn and Cu were found in large thalli near the roadsides.

scholarly journals Artificial Light at Night Affects Organism Flux across Ecosystem Boundaries and Drives Community Structure in the Recipient Ecosystem

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Manfrin ◽  
Gabriel Singer ◽  
Stefano Larsen ◽  
Nadine Weiß ◽  
Roy H. A. van Grunsven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Ecosystem Boundaries

Individual-based measurements of light intensity provide new insights into the effects of artificial light at night on daily rhythms of urban-dwelling songbirds

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide M. Dominoni ◽  
Esther O. Carmona-Wagner ◽  
Michaela Hofmann ◽  
Bart Kranstauber ◽  
Jesko Partecke
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Light At Night

scholarly journals The Effect of Human Activity on Ant Species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Richness at the Mont St. Hilaire Biosphere Reserve, Québec

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Jonathan Z. Shik ◽  
André Francoeur ◽  
Christopher M. Buddle
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Tetramorium Caespitum ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Disturbed Habitats ◽  
Unique Species

The ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) fauna of the Mont St. Hilaire Biosphere Reserve, Québec, was surveyed in 2002 and 2003. Although overall species richness was high, 10 of 40 total ant species collected were limited to anthropogenically disturbed habitats within the reserve. While only 2 of these 10 species (Tetramorium caespitum (L.) and Lasius niger (L.)) can definitively be considered introduced, areas altered by human activity (representing a small fraction of the reserve’s total area) possess nearly as many unique species as the reserve’s old-growth forest. Although further research will be necessary to determine the consequences of such changes in community structure, this study shows the importance of specifying the extent of biodiversity surveys within protected habitats to more accurately monitor the effectiveness of conservation efforts.

HISTORICAL CHANGES IN INSECT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AS INDICATED BY HEXAPODS OF UPPER CRETACEOUS ALBERTA (GRASSY LAKE) AMBER

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Insect Assemblage ◽  
Insect Guilds

AbstractSpecies richness and relative abundance of arthropod taxa from an Upper Cretaceous (Campanian: 75 Mya) amber deposit in Alberta are described. About 130 hexapod species have been recognized to date from this deposit, making it the most diverse Cretaceous insect assemblage so far known. Taxa present, in order of abundance, are Hemiptera (66 specimens per kg), Diptera (28), Acari (21), Hymenoptera (13), Aranaea (12), Psocoptera (4), Coleoptera (2), Blattodea (1), Thysanoptera (1), and Trichoptera (0.6). Representatives of Lepidoptera, Collembola, Dermaptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea, and Ephemeropteraare are also present. In the total of 65 identified families, 15 are extinct. Only one of about 77 genera identified in this deposit is extant. All recognized species are extinct. In comparison, virtually all families reported from Baltic and Dominican Republic ambers are extant, as are the majority of the genera. Morphology and feeding structures are well within the variation seen in modern insects. It is hypothesized that the taxonomic structure of modern insect communities was well established before the end of the Cretaceous and that the structure and interrelationships of insect guilds were also very similar to those of today.

scholarly journals Impact of artificial light intensity on nocturnal insect diversity in urban and rural areas of the Asir province, Saudi Arabia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242315
Author(s):  
Abdulrahim Refdan Hakami ◽  
Khalid Ali Khan ◽  
Hamed A. Ghramh ◽  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Adil Ali Ahmad AL-zayd
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Insect Biodiversity ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

Continuous urban developments have resulted in increased demand for street furniture, one of which is street light columns. Artificial light at night (ALAN) pose significant impacts on insect diversity in urban and rural areas. The ALAN is a significant driver of decline in insect diversity. This study evaluated the impact of light intensity and sky quality at night on insect diversity in rural and urban areas of the Asir province, Saudi Arabia. Insect traps were installed in both areas during night. Light intensity of nearby road lamps was measured using light meter, while sky quality was measured using sky quality meter. Rural areas exhibited low light intensity (10.33 flux/f.candle) and good sky quality (18.80 magnitude/arcsec2). Urban areas exhibited intense light (89.33 flux/f.candle) and poor sky quality (15.49 magnitude/arcsec2). Higher insect diversity was recorded for rural areas where insects belonging to seven orders (i.e., Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, and Dermaptera) were collected. However, insects of four orders (i.e., Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Neuroptera) were found in urban areas indicating low diversity. Lepidopteran insects were frequently recorded from rural areas indicating they are attracted to artificial light. It is concluded that excessive ALAN and poor sky quality at night disrupt insect biodiversity. Therefore, ALAN and sky quality must be considered responsible for decline in insect biodiversity along with other known factors.

The physical environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
High Noise ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Diversity Of Life

Elements of the physical aspects of urban environments determine which micro-organisms, plants, and animals live in urban environments. In this chapter, climate, air, water, soil, noise, and light are discussed. Urban environments are affected by the climate of the region in which they are located, and in turn and create their own, distinctive urban climate. Air, water, and soil are all affected by urbanization. Pollution of these elements is common. High noise levels and artificial light at night (ALAN—a new phenomenon) are both strongly associated with urban environments. Details of both are discussed. The discussion in this chapter provides a foundation for further exploration of the diversity of life in urban environments and for later exploration of how organisms adapt to urban living, which will be discussed in Parts II and III.

scholarly journals Outdoor artificial light at night: A forgotten factor in green space and health research

2021 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 111012
Author(s):  
Jessica Stanhope ◽  
Craig Liddicoat ◽  
Philip Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night
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