scholarly journals Endophytic establishment of the fungal entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil., in cucumber plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lobna Rajab ◽  
Mohammad Ahmad ◽  
Ibtisam Gazal
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants

Abstract Background The fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil., is one of the most important entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs). Recently, its new role was discovered in nature, to be an endophyte in plants. It has been reported as an endophytic fungus in many monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Main body The study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the fungus, B. bassiana, to colonize and persist in cucumber plants under laboratory conditions and to detect its systemic growth inside the plant tissues in addition to pathogenicity in the plant. The isolate, B195, of the fungus, B. bassiana, was used. Five different inoculation methods were followed: seed dusting, seed immersion, soil drench, seedling drench, and foliar spray. The fungus, B. bassiana, could persist inside different cucumber tissues up to 90 days from inoculation. Soil drench provided the highest recovery rates, while foliar spray gave the lowest rates. Colonization rates reached 94.44 and 73.68% for stem and 68.26 and 37.79% for root, 30 and 90 days post soil drench, respectively, while in foliar spray, it reached 33.51 and 16.45%, after 30 and 90 days post-treatment, for the stem and 9.45 and 0% for the root, respectively. No negative effects were observed in inoculated plants  or on fungal pathogenicity. Conclusion Results showed for the first time the ability of the fungus, B. bassiana, isolate B195, to artificially colonize and survive in different parts of cucumber plants under laboratory conditions by different inoculation methods and to grow systemically in plant tissues. This study is considered a preliminary study to the utilization of the fungus, B. bassiana, as an endophyte in cucumber plants to reduce the density of insect pests.

scholarly journals Effect of endophytic isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in cabbage

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornesha Bathina ◽  
Ramanujam Bonam
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Application Methods

Abstract Background The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the major pests in cabbage which causes severe loss to the cruciferous crops. Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae have been established as endophytes in cabbage plants by seed treatment/root inoculation/foliar application methods in glasshouse conditions. Main body A glasshouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of endophytic isolates of B. bassiana (NBAIR Bb-5a and NBAIR Bb-45) and M. anisopliae (NBAIR Ma-4 and NBAIR Ma-35) on P. xylostella in cabbage using detached leaf bioassay method. The isolates were applied through seed treatment/root inoculation/foliar application at the concentration of 1 × 108 spores/ml and evaluated at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after treatment (DAT) in 2017 and 2018. These isolates were colonized in cabbage leaf tissues from 15 to 60 DAT. All 4 isolates showed different mortality percentages during 15–30 DAT, and no mortality was observed after 45 and 60 DAT in different inoculation methods during both years. Among the application methods tested, foliar application method gave the highest mortality of 70–80% at 15 DAT and 12–58% at 30 DAT mortality of 2nd instar larvae of P. xylostella in cabbage. Among the isolates tested, NBAIR Ma-35 showed the highest mortality (35–79%) in all the 3 inoculation methods tested. Conclusion Endophytic isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae suppressed the population of P. xylostella on cabbage leaves in three inoculation methods tested. Among all the methods tested, foliar application method showed highest mortality. These promising isolates have to be further tested under field conditions for management of P. xylostella in cabbage.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of indigenous Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) against Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) under laboratory conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Chergui ◽  
Khadidja Boudjemaa ◽  
Abdelmadjid Benzehra ◽  
Ismail Karaca
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Abstract Background The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the major insect pest of fruit production worldwide. Chemical control of this pest has induced the selection of resistant medflies populations and negative environmental impact. In addition, the use of pesticides has become an obstacle to the fresh agricultural products exported to many countries that restrict pesticides residues. The aim of this study was to propose alternatives based on the use of microbiological products for the control of C. capitata. Main body The pathogenicity of the Turkish isolate Beauveria bassiana BMAUM M6-4 was evaluated against immature stages and adult of C. capitata under laboratory conditions at a concentration of 107 conidia/ml via different routes of exposure. Conidial treatment was applied by spraying soil and filter paper against 3rd instar larvae and pupae. In contrast, the treatment was administered to adult males and females by contact and ingestion. The percentage of mortality was recorded on the 3rd, 7th, 12th and 15th day after inoculation. Obtained results showed that B. bassiana was very effective against the adult’s fly, where males were more susceptible than females in both treatments (contact and ingestion). This isolate was tested against 3rd instar larvae. It achieved an infection rate of 33.33 and 43.5% of the larvae treated on filter paper and in the soil, respectively. Application of conidial preparations to soil reduced insect emergence and CAN represent a promising strategy for fruit fly integrated management (57.33 and 56.66% emergence from the treatments in soil and filter paper). Conclusion Entomopathogenic fungi are promising as a biocontrol agent that can be used under different modes of ground application against larvae, prepupae and pupae, and/or as a bait spraying or contact against adults.

scholarly journals Characterization of symbiotic and associated bacteria from entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. (nematode: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Lone ◽  
Sasmita Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) harboring symbiotic bacteria are one of the safest alternatives to the chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Infective juveniles of EPNs locate a target insect, enter through the openings, and reach the hemocoel, where they release the symbiotic bacteria and the target gets killed by the virulence factors of the bacteria. Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditis spp. are well documented; little is known about the associated bacteria. Main body In this study, we explored the presence of symbiotic and associated bacteria from Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09) and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Six bacterial isolates, belonging to four different genera, were recovered and identified as follows: Photorhabdus luminescens, one each strain of Providencia vermicola, Pseudomonas entomophila, Alcaligenes aquatilis, and two strains of Alcaligenes faecalis based on the phenotypic, biochemical criteria and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion P. luminescens is symbiotically associated with Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09), whereas P. vermicola, P. entomophila, A. aquatilis, and A. faecalis are the associated bacteria. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates with the Heterorhabditis sp.

scholarly journals Mycoviral Population Dynamics in Spanish Isolates of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Filippou ◽  
Inmaculada Garrido-Jurado ◽  
Nicolai Meyling ◽  
Enrique Quesada-Moraga ◽  
Robert Coutts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Large Panels ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Rna Polymerase Gene

The use of mycoviruses to manipulate the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi employed as biocontrol agents may lead to the development of novel methods to control attacks by insect pests. Such approaches are urgently required, as existing agrochemicals are being withdrawn from the market due to environmental and health concerns. The aim of this work is to investigate the presence and diversity of mycoviruses in large panels of entomopathogenic fungi, mostly from Spain and Denmark. In total, 151 isolates belonging to the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium, Lecanicillium, Purpureocillium, Isaria, and Paecilomyces were screened for the presence of dsRNA elements and 12 Spanish B. bassiana isolates were found to harbor mycoviruses. All identified mycoviruses belong to three previously characterised species, the officially recognised Beauveria bassiana victorivirus 1 (BbVV-1) and the proposed Beauveria bassiana partitivirus 2 (BbPV-2) and Beauveria bassiana polymycovirus 1 (BbPmV-1); individual B. bassiana isolates may harbor up to three of these mycoviruses. Notably, these mycovirus species are under distinct selection pressures, while recombination of viral genomes increases population diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequences revealed that the current population structure in Spain is potentially a result of both vertical and horizontal mycovirus transmission. Finally, pathogenicity experiments using the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata showed no direct correlation between the presence of any particular mycovirus and the virulence of the B. bassiana isolates, but illustrated potentially interesting isolates that exhibit relatively high virulence, which will be used in more detailed virulence experimentation in the future.

scholarly journals Populasi Serangga Hama dan Artropoda Predator pada Padi Rawa Lebak Sumatera Selatan yang Diaplikasikan Bioinsektisida dari Beauveria bassiana dan Insektisida Sintetik

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Khoirul Ikhsanudin Hanif ◽  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Chandra Irsan ◽  
Tili Karenina ◽  
Erise Anggraini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pest Insect ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
Freshwater Swamp ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
Predatory Arthropods

Hanif et al, 2019. Population of Pest Insects and Predatory Arthropods Inhabiting Freshwater Swamp Rice of South Sumatra Treated with Bioinsectide of Beauveria bassiana and a Synthetic Insecticide. JLSO (8)1:31-38.Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, could  kill various species of insect pests, but  their impact on predatory arthropods needs to be studied. The aim of this study was to compare population of pest insects and predatory arthropods inhabiting rice sprayed with bioinsecticide of B. bassiana and conventional rice field using a synthetic insecticides. Bioinsecticide was made from conidia of B. bassiana and sprayed on rice canopy. The plot of conventional farmers was sprayed with synthetic insecticides made from Abamektrin. The results showed that the application of bioinsecticide of B. bassiana was not proven to reduce the pest insect population. The abundance of natural enemies of pest insects, such as  spiders and predatory insects was also more abundant in plots sprayed with  bioinsecticide than conventional plots that used synthetic insecticide. The synthetic insecticides have been shown to reduce the abundance of predatory insects and spiders. Bioinsecticides containing carrier of  liquid compost were proven to increase the growth and development of rice, which was an increase in the number of rice tillers per clump in plots applied by bioinsecticide. Thus, B. bassiana of bioinsecticide with liquid compost carrier material was safer and could maintain the abundance of predatory arthropods and increased rice growth.

scholarly journals Effect of Bioplex™ on Transplant Success of Non-Dormant Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Sammons ◽  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Biostimulants are used to reduce the stress associated with non-dormant (summer dug) harvest of field-grown nursery stock; however, the effectiveness of biostimulant treatment is uncertain. This study tested the effects of three application methods of Bioplex™ (a commonly used biostimulant) to container-grown red oak seedlings on whole plant transpirational water use and growth before and after root pruning. Root pruning was used to simulate field harvest; it removed 59% of the seedling's total root surface area. Bioplex™ application by foliar spray, soil drench or a combination of foliar spray and soil drench, significantly reduced whole plant transpirational water use by 15% for three days after application, relative to untreated control seedlings. Root pruning significantly reduced whole plant transpiration, compared to non-root-pruned seedlings, and had a greater effect on transpiration than any Bioplex™ treatment. The previous season's Bioplex treatment had no effect on the spring growth flush following fall root pruning. Root pruning in fall significantly reduced root and total plant dry weights the following spring. Although Bioplex™ applications significantly reduced transpiration for three days after application, there does not seem to be any long-term beneficial effect when used to mediate summer digging transplant stress.

scholarly journals Preservative Media for Beauveria Bassiana (bals.) Vuill Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Helben Ismat Mohammaed ◽  
Mohammed Saeed Mirza ◽  
Feyroz Ramadan Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Effective Evaluation ◽  
Microbial Agent

Beauveria bassiana is an important entomopathogenic fungus that used as a biocontrol agent of insect pests. Maintaining and preserving B. bassiana cultures is essential for the effective evaluation of its potential as microbial agent against insect pest, for biodiversity studies and also for exchange of fungal material between laboratories. In the present work we evaluated the suitability of four preservation materials based on gelatin and rice to maintain the viability of B. bassiana to be used as baits for insect’s control. The gelatin amended with sugar recorded the maximum viability after 70 days of storage as 98.3% compared to 63.3% on rice media. Effective control of 80% of the ants was observed after 10 days of feeding on gelatin amended with sugar and rice bait. The results demonstrated that treatment with formulations containing conidia of B. bassiana presents insecticidal activity against ant in addition of acting as preservation materials.

scholarly journals USE OF INDIGENOUS ISOLATES OF METARHIZIUM, ISARIA AND BEAUVERIA AS POTENTIAL BIO-CONTROL AGENTS AGAINST Sitophilus oryzae UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (04) ◽  
pp. 1037-1044
Author(s):  
Saif-Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
New Class ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Dose Comparison ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Conidial Concentration

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are suggested as a new class of alternates followed by Synthetic chemical control of the insect pests .Virulence of seven EPF isolates, four strains of Metarhizium {(Qin-08, Qin-13, Qin-18 and ME-38 (LT-178)}, two of Isaria {ME-33 (ILT-01), Yulin-5 (IYL-01)} and one of Beauveria bassiana (Qin-21) were assessed against the adults of Sitophilus oryzae under laboratory conditions, firstly at single conidial concentration (1x108 ml-1 ) by immersion and the food mix methods. Qin-21, ME-33 and Qin-18 caused significantly highest mortality of S.oryzae at immersion methods (100, 100 and 98%), followed by food mix method to 100, 84.16 and 91.66% respectively. Yulin-5 was the least effective, showing significantly the lowest mortality at food mixed (32.49%) and immersion methods (40.20%) respectively. Hence, the immersion method was found to be most effective, resulting the higher mortality rate of S. oryzae in comparison to food mix method, in all tested fungal isolates. Secondly, we screened out the most effective isolates for multiple dose comparison i.e., 1x104 to 1x107 conidia ml-1 by immersion method only. The isolate ME-33 resulted in 100% mortality of the pest at higher conidial dose as compared to Qin-21 and Qin-18 which showing 80 and 64.64% mortality respectively. The LT50 was observed to be 3.63, 4.17 and 8.58 days in ME-33, Qin-21 and Qin-18, respectively at the highest conidial concentration (1x107ml-1 ). ME-33 isolate with the highest mortality and lowest LT50 at conidial concentration 1x107 ml-1 proved to be most effective for the control of S. oryzae. So these fungal islotes could be a better alternative for the management of S. oryzae

scholarly journals Interaction of zinc and IAA alleviate aluminum-induced damage on photosystems via promoting proton motive force and reducing proton gradient in alfalfa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liantai Su ◽  
Jianping Xie ◽  
Wuwu Wen ◽  
Jiaojiao Li ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Zn Addition ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Al Treatment

Abstract Background In acidic soils, aluminum (Al) competing with Zn results in Zn deficiency in plants. Zn is essential for auxin biosynthesis. Zn-mediated alleviation of Al toxicity has been rarely studied, the mechanism of Zn alleviation on Al-induced photoinhibition in photosystems remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Zn and IAA on photosystems of Al-stressed alfalfa. Alfalfa seedlings with or without apical buds were exposed to 0 or100 μM AlCl3 combined with 0 or 50 μM ZnCl2, and then foliar spray with water or 6 mg L− 1 IAA. Results Our results showed that Al stress significantly decreased plant growth rate, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), quantum yields and electron transfer rates of PSI and PSII. Exogenous application of Zn and IAA significantly alleviated the Al-induced negative effects on photosynthetic machinery, and an interaction of Zn and IAA played an important role in the alleviative effects. After removing apical buds of Al-stressed alfalfa seedlings, the values of pmf, gH+ and Y(II) under exogenous spraying IAA were significantly higher, and ΔpHpmf was significantly lower in Zn addition than Al treatment alone, but the changes did not occur under none spraying IAA. The interaction of Zn and IAA directly increased Y(I), Y(II), ETRI and ETRII, and decreased O2− content of Al-stressed seedlings. In addition, the transcriptome analysis showed that fourteen functionally noted genes classified into functional category of energy production and conversion were differentially expressed in leaves of alfalfa seedlings with and without apical buds. Conclusion Our results suggest that the interaction of zinc and IAA alleviate aluminum-induced damage on photosystems via increasing pmf and decreasing ΔpHpmf between lumen and stroma.

CONTROL OF SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. AND FREE., IN WHITE SPRUCE PLANTATIONS WITH ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES, STEINERNEMA SPP.

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Eidt ◽  
Gary B. Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Population Reduction

AbstractA spruce budmoth population reduction of 82%, as measured by moth emergence, was realized after a foliar spray in which Futura®, a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (B.t.) formulation, was added to a suspension of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser). The nematode suspension, which took advantage of the wetting and spreading agents in the formulation, was applied to runoff at the rate of 9785 viable infective juvenile nematodes per litre. Mortality was attributed to the nematodes; B.t. was not available to the cryptic larvae. Soil drench treatments were encouraging, and suggested that applications of nematodes to the soil may be feasible.

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