scholarly journals Mineralogical and geochemical studies on soils and Nile bottom sediments of Luxor–Aswan area, South Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmat A. Abou El-Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Average Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Phosphate Mines ◽  
Geochemical Studies

Abstract Background The geochemical studies on the rare earth elements to demonstrate sources of the toxic metals for soils and Nile sediments for Aswan area are seldom. Results Minerallogically, the studied soil agriculture samples consist mainly of quartz (42%), clay minerals (33%), plagioclase (20%) and magnesin-calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of montmorillonite as bentonite. The studied Nile sediments consist mainly of quartz (75%), clay minerals (15%), plagioclase (5%) and calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of calcian-montmorillonite (10%) and Kaolinite (5%). Geochemically, the chemical analytical techniques of the environment-sensitive elements, including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, U and Th, have been performed for agricultural soils and sediments of Aswan–Luxor District to assess the geochemical characteristics of these elements and their impact on soil environmental and plant, as well as their provenance. Conclusions Average content of Cd was about 1.5-fold for the studied Nile sediments and slightly higher soil agriculture than (MPL). Pb and Cr average contents twofold of (MPL) for Nile sediments and Cr average of soil is represented 2.5-fold of (MPL). The average content of As, Cu, Co, Ni and U in both Nile sediments and cultivated soil in the studied area is lower than the maximum permissible limit (MPL). Average content of Pb, Zn and Cr was about 2, 2- and 2.5-fold, respectively, according to USPHS for the Nile sediments and threefold of Cr for the agriculture soils. The agricultural soil of Luxor–Aswan district is characteristic highly enrichment of As, Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, U and Th than those of the Nile sediments. In addition, the Nile sediments have high concentration average of Cr, Zn, Mn and Pb and low contamination of the other elements. The sources of the toxic metals in the studied area may probably be natural or anthropogenic. The anthropogenic source is resulting from paper, Ferrosilicon factories and Phosphate mines at Edfu, as well as Sand quarry, Shale mine and the Nitrogen Fertilizer factory at Aswan. In addition, natural sources such as waste of the drains floods.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and risk assessment of toxic metals in agricultural soils from endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma region in South China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 568-579
Author(s):  
Liping Mo ◽  
Yongzhang Zhou ◽  
Gnanachandrasamy Gopalakrishnana ◽  
Xingyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
South China ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Low Incidence

AbstractSihui city (South China) is much affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To investigate the relationships between the toxic metals in soil and NPC incidence in Sihui, 119 surface soil samples were collected from agricultural fields and analyzed. The soil As–Cr contents in Longjiang (high-incidence area) are significantly lower than those in Weizheng and Jianglin (low-incidence areas), whereas the soil Pb content in Longjiang is significantly higher than that in Weizheng. The Nemerow pollution indices (PIN) of soils decrease in the order of Jianglin > Weizheng > Longjiang. The enrichment factor (EF) of Cd indicates that the Cd enrichment is contributed by human activities. Potential toxic metal-related ecological risk values decrease in the order of Jianglin > Weizheng > Longjiang. The mean hazard index (HI) value of Longjiang was lower than those of Weizheng and Jianglin. There are no adverse noncarcinogenic health effects of soil toxic metals to adults in the study areas. Carcinogenic risks of As and Cr via ingestion and dermal contact and total carcinogenic risk are within the warning range, from 10−6 to 10−4. Hence, we suggest that toxic metals in the soil may not be major geochemical carcinogenic factors of high NPC incidence in Sihui.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy and Toxic Metals in the Blood and Hair of Saudi Arabia Smokers Using Modern Analytical Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Alrobaian ◽  
Hassan Arida
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Modern Analytical

Epidemiological studies on the heavy and toxic metal content in the human blood and hair of some smokers from Saudi Arabia were carried out by modern analytical techniques. The levels of some selected heavy and toxic metals (e.g.; Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Se, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Cr) were determined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Prior to the analysis, the blood and hair samples of Saudi Arabia smokers were collected, treated, and digested by microwave digestion system. The number of cigarettes per day as well as the smoking period was taken in consideration in this study. The tested elements concentrations in the investigated smoker blood and hair samples were compared with those obtained from some nonsmoking control samples. The samples were collected from the psychiatric hospital in Taif city after issuing the ethical committee license in this regard. The results obtained from this study represent a very important guide for the antismoking organizations. The assessment of some side effects of the smoking in such studies presents vital challenge for the social antismoking authorities and the stakeholder governments to attain the sustainable investment for their people.

scholarly journals Characterization of Co-Formulated High-Concentration Broadly Neutralizing Anti-HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibodies for Subcutaneous Administration

Antibodies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Vaneet K. Sharma ◽  
Bijay Misra ◽  
Kevin T. McManus ◽  
Sreenivas Avula ◽  
Kaliappanadar Nellaiappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

The discovery of numerous potent and broad neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein has invigorated the potential of using them as an effective preventative and therapeutic agent. The majority of the anti-HIV-1 antibodies, currently under clinical investigation, are formulated singly for intra-venous (IV) infusion. However, due to the high degree of genetic variability in the case of HIV-1, a single broad neutralizing antibody will likely not be sufficient to protect against the broad range of viral isolates. To that end, delivery of two or more co-formulated bnAbs against HIV-1 in a single subcutaneous (SC) injection is highly desired. We, therefore, co-formulated two anti-HIV bnAbs, 3BNC117-LS and 10-1074-LS, to a total concentration of 150 mg/mL for SC administration and analyzed them using a panel of analytical techniques. Chromatographic based methods, such as RP-HPLC, CEX-HPLC, SEC-HPLC, were developed to ensure separation and detection of each antibody in the co-formulated sample. In addition, we used a panel of diverse pseudoviruses to detect the functionality of individual antibodies in the co-formulation. We also used these methods to test the stability of the co-formulated antibodies and believe that such an approach can support future efforts towards the formulation and characterization of multiple high-concentration antibodies for SC delivery.

Assessment of radon and potentially toxic metals in agricultural soils of Punjab, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderpreet Kaur ◽  
Akash Gupta ◽  
Bhupinder Pal Singh ◽  
Sumit Sharma ◽  
Ajay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals

scholarly journals The environnemental quality of soil under wheat and vinesin the region of Mohammadia Benslimane (Morocco)

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Fatna Zaakour ◽  
Najib Saber ◽  
Diyae Ismaili Alaoui ◽  
Mohammed Karim Ben Hachmi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Metallic Pollution

This work aims to assessing the environmental quality of agricultural soils under vine and wheat cultivation in the area of Mohammadia-Benslimane (Morocco). 80 soil samples were collected and studied. The results have been studied and recorded on the agronomic parameters; show that the soil’s textures contain clay andthe values of pH are neutral to slightly acid in all stations. The electrical conductivity values are clearly higher in soils under wheat than in those under vine. The CaCO3 contents within the different studied soils are generally similar in all stations. Moreover, the organic substance rate seems to be more important in the soils under the wheat crops (2%) than in those under the vine crops (1, 7%). For the four analyzed elements: Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), the lead and the zinc present a high concentration in the vine yard Plots compared to those of the wheat. The concentrations of the Cadmium in a few stations exceed the standards (2 ppm) and can reach 10,37 ppm. The order of the average’s contents with the lead and the zinc are 20,12 ppm and 148,60 ppm, respectively. They are inadequate with the concentration standards for a normal soil, ie 100 ppm for pb and 300 ppm for zinc. As regards metallic pollution, its index increases, for the soil under the vine (it takes the values from 0.281 to 2.203).

Interaction between clay minerals and hydrocarbon-utilizing indigenous microorganisms in high concentrations of heavy oil: implications for bioremediation

Clay Minerals ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khodijah Chaerun ◽  
Kazue Tazaki ◽  
Ryuji Asada ◽  
Kazuhiro Kogure
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Cell Complexes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degraders

AbstractThis study focused on whether the presence of clay minerals (montmorillonite and kaolinite) in marine or coastal environments contaminated with high concentrations of heavy-oil spills were able to support the growth of hydrocarbon degraders to enable bioremediation. The bacterial growth experiment utilizing ~150 g/l of heavy oil (from theNakhodkaoil spill) was conducted with 1500 mg/l of montmorillonite or kaolinite. Bacterial strainPseudomonas aeruginosa(isolated from Atake seashore, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan), capable of degrading heavy oil, was employed in combination with other hydrocarbon degraders inhabiting the heavy oil and seawater (collected from the Sea of Japan). The interactions among microbial cells, clay minerals and heavy oil were studied. Both clays were capable of promoting microbial growth and allowed microorganisms to proliferate (to a greater degree than in a control sample which contained no clay) in an extremely high concentration of heavy oil. Observation by transmission electron microscopy of the clay-oil-cell complexes showed that microbial cells tended to be bound primarily on the edges of the clays. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the clay-oil and clay-oil-cell complexes involved the adsorption of microbial cells and/or heavy oil on the external surfaces of the clays. How do the interactions among clay minerals, microbial cells and heavy oil contribute to environmental factors influencing the bioremediation process? To our knowledge, there are no previous reports on the use of clay minerals in the bioremediation of theNakhodkaoil spill in combination with biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Migration and Enrichment of Arsenic in the Rock-Soil-Crop Plant System in Areas Covered with Black Shale, Korea

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Min Yi ◽  
Hyo-Taek Chon ◽  
Min Park
Keyword(s):  
Black Shale ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Rock And Soil ◽  
Mean Concentration

The Okchon black shale, which is part of the Guryongsan Formation or the Changri Formation of Cambro-Ordovician age in Korea provides a typical example of natural geological materials enriched with potentially toxic elements such as U, V, Mo, As, Se, Cd, and Zn. In this study, the Dukpyung and the Chubu areas were selected to investigate the migration and enrichment of As and other toxic elements in soils and crop plants in areas covered with black shale. Rock and soil samples digested in 4-acid solution (HCl+HNO3+HF+HClO4) were analyzed for As and other heavy metals by ICP-AES and ICP-MS, and plant samples by INAA. Mean concentration of As in Okchon black shale is higher than those of both world average values of shale and black shale. Especially high concentration of 23.2 mg As kg-1is found in black shale from the Dukpyung area. Mean concentration of As is highly elevated in agricultural soils from the Dukpyung (28.2 mg kg-1) and the Chubu areas (32.6 mg kg-1). As is highly elevated in rice leaves from the Dukpyung (1.14 mg kg-1) and the Chubu areas (1.35 mg kg-1). The biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of As in plant species decreases in the order of rice leaves > corn leaves > red pepper = soybean leaves = sesame leaves > corn stalks > corn grains. This indicates that leafy plants tend to accumulate As from soil to a greater degree than cereal products such as grains.

scholarly journals Pollution by toxic metals on agricultural soils

Nature ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 335 (6192) ◽  
pp. 676-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEN E. GILLER ◽  
STEVE P. MCGRATH
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Agricultural Soils

scholarly journals Physicochemical Parameters and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Coffee

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eltigani Osman Musa Omer ◽  
Osama Ahmed Labib ◽  
Mubashir Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Coffee Powder

Background and Objective: Coffee is one of the common drinks in Middle Eastern countries including Saudi Arabia due to its desirable aroma, taste and putative positive physiological functions. The concentration of metals is commonly present in coffee powder. The presence of heavy metal concentration in different brands of coffee powder available in Saudi Arabia market has been analyzed. Methods: Thirteen different coffee brands were selected in different markets, all assessment was carried out in advanced instruments such as Inductively Coupled Plasma and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. There are 14 metals which divide into seven non toxic and seven toxic metals were analyzed. Non toxic metals are calcium (Ca), iron (Fe),magnesium (Mg), Magnese (Mn), Potassium (K), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), and toxic metals are arsenic (Ar), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony and cadmium (Cd). Results: The mean and standard deviation of non-toxic and toxic metals concentration in different samples of coffee were as follows: Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P and Na were 24.87±6.76, 6.670±4.88, 235.98±100.05, 407.02±22.56, 8.63±10.14, 0.01±0.01, 333.86±247.35 respectively. Toxic metals concentration were as Al, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Si, Zn were   11.04±10.03, 0.80 ±2.52, 2.43±3.02, 0.07±0.11, 7.57±9.26,  23.48±27.32  and 1.853±1.66 respectively. These concentration values were high compared to threshold limit values (TLVs) of metals. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that coffee powder had high concentration of heavy toxic metals which is the major public health problem. Thus, quality control for food safety recommended during production of coffee.

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