scholarly journals Co-thermal degradation characteristics of rice straw and sewage sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Lan Thao Ngo ◽  
Kung-Yuh Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Plant Design

AbstractCo-thermal treatment of binary biomass mixture is an alternative to enhance the refractory decomposition of biomass thermal degradation efficiency resulted in the synergistic reaction. Rice straw (RS) containing a large amount of fixed carbon (FC) is quite difficult to thermally decompose at a lower temperature. Considering the RS and sewage sludge (SS), co-thermal treatment for enhancing energy conversion efficiency was feasible. This study investigates the kinetic behaviors and gas evolution of RS, SS, and their blends under co-thermal decomposition processes using Thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The experimental results indicate that SS could enhance the volatile matter decomposition in RS co-thermal process at lower temperatures. Activation energy decreases from 53 to 49 kJ mol− 1 with an increase in SS addition from 50 to 80% under pyrolysis conditions. The major volatile components were aliphatic chains with double bonds, as well as carbonyl, hydroxyl, and C–H groups in organic compounds by FTIR identification. The tested materials characteristics in terms of volatile matter (VM)-to-FC ratio significantly affected the thermal degradation performance. Activation energy was decreased with increasing the VM/FC ratio. It implied that co-thermal reaction could be accelerated. In summary, the results could provide the important information for co-thermal treatment of SS and RS in application for commercial-scale plant design.

scholarly journals Co-thermal Degradation Characteristics of Rice Straw and Sewage Sludge 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Lan Thao Ngo ◽  
Kung-Yuh Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Decomposition Processes

Abstract This study investigates the kinetic behaviors and gas evolution of rice straw, sewage sludge, and their blends under co-thermal decomposition processes using Thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). The experimental results indicate that sewage sludge could be enhanced the volatile matter decomposition in rice straw co-thermal process at lower temperatures. Activation energy decreases from 53.07 kJ/mol to 48.62 kJ/mol with an increase in sewage sludge addition from 50% to 80% under pyrolysis conditions. The major volatile components were aliphatic chains with double bonds, as well as carbonyl, hydroxyl, and C–H groups in organic compounds by FTIR identification. The tested materials characteristics in terms of volatile matter-to-fixed carbon (VM/FC) ratio was significantly affected the thermal degradation performance. Activation energy was decreased with increasing the VM/FC ratio. It implied that co-thermal reaction could be accelerated. In summary, the results could provide the important information for co-thermal treatment of sewage sludge and rice straw in commercial-scale plant.

A review on bio-based graphene derived from biomass wastes

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9756-9785
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taqi-udeen Safian ◽  
Umirah Syafiqah Haron ◽  
Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Biomass Waste

Biomass waste has become a new source for producing graphene due to its carbon-rich structure and renewable nature. In this paper, the research on the conversion of bio-based graphene from different biomass wastes is summarised and discussed. This paper reviews the methods for converting biomass to bio-based graphene. There are two approaches for thermal degradation of biomass: thermal exfoliation and carbon growth. The purpose of the thermal treatment is to increase the carbon content by removing volatile matter from the biomass polymer chain. Pre-treatments that help to break down the complex structure of the biomass are discussed; pre-treatments also remove impurities from the said biomass. Lastly, the characteristics of bio-based graphene produced from different biomass and thermal treatments are summarised.

scholarly journals The mechanism of thermal degradation of a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein complex from bovine cervical mucus

1983 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
F A Meyer ◽  
G Paradossi
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Cervical Mucus ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Glycoprotein Complex

Gel-like oestrus bovine cervical mucus can be brought to the point of dissolution by thermal treatment. The glycoprotein complex so produced was isolated on CsCl density gradients, and found to be of a size comparable with that of a complex purified from mucus that had been brought to the point of dissolution by mild mechanical stirring. The latter material (GP-S) had a mol.wt. of 15.9×10(6) and was used to study further the effect of thermal treatment. Time and temperature lead to a gradual breakdown of GP-S, which is characterized by a single activation energy of 93.3 kJ/mol (22.3 kcal/mol) over the temperature range of 21-99 degrees C. The process responsible is thermal hydrolysis of peptide bonds, particularly next to aspartic acid residues. This conclusion is consistent with the appearance of aspartic acid as a new N-terminal amino acid and the activation energy of the process. After thermal degradation there is an increase in the buoyant density of GP-S and a change in the amino acid composition. These findings were found to be consistent with the loss of the naked peptide region and the preponderance of aspartic acid residues in this region. Thermal degradation therefore does not involve dispersion of non-covalent bonds, and indeed GP-S is quite unaffected by media commonly used to disperse such bonds.

Effect of thermal treatment on Egyptian rice straw hardboard

1977 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Naim A. Fadl ◽  
Magdi Z. Sefain ◽  
Mohomed Rakha
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Rice Straw

Application of Calculus Equation in Solving Thermal Decomposition Kinetics Parameters of Flame Retardant Wood

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Cai Yun Sun ◽  
Yong Li Yang ◽  
Ming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Parameters

Wood has been treated with amino resins and amino resins modified with phosphoric acid to impart flame retardancy. The thermal degradation of samples has been studied by thermogravimetry (TG) in air. From the resulting data, kinetic parameters for different stages of thermal degradation are obtained following the method of Broido. For the decomposition of wood and flame retardant wood, the activation energy is found to decrease from 122 to 72 kJmol-1.

scholarly journals Thermal Degradation Behaviour of Ni(II) Complex of 3,4-Methylenedioxaphenylaminoglyoxime

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emin Karapınar ◽  
Ilkay Hilal Gubbuk ◽  
Bilge Taner ◽  
Pervin Deveci ◽  
Emine Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Preexponential Factor ◽  
Degradation Behaviour ◽  
Mechanism Of Decomposition ◽  
Pyrolytic Decomposition

Thermal degradation behaviour of the Ni(II) complex of 3,4-methylenedioxaphenylaminoglyoxime was investigated by TG, DTA, and DTG at a heating rate of 10°C min−1under dinitrogen. The acquired experimental data shows that the complex is thermally stable up to 541 K. The pyrolytic decomposition process occurs by melting metal complex and metal oxide remains as final product. The energies of the reactions involved and the mechanism of decomposition at each stage have been examined. The values of kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E), preexponential factor (A) and thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) are also evaluated.

Non-isothermal degradation kinetics for polycarbonate/ polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane composites

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangbo Wang ◽  
Zhong Xin
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Ozawa Method ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Thermal Degradation Process

AbstractThe thermal degradation behaviors of PC/PMPSQ (polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane) systems were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under non-isothermal conditions in nitrogen atmosphere. During non-isothermal degradation, Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods were used to analyze the thermal degradation process. The results showed that a remarkable decrease in activation energy ( E ) was observed in the early and middle stages of thermal degradation in the presence of PMPSQ, which indicated that the addition of PMPSQ promoted the thermal degradation of PC. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method further revealed that PMPSQ significantly increased the activation energy of PC thermal degradation in the final stage, which illustrated that the PMPSQ stabilized the char residues and improved the flame retardancy of PC in the final period of thermal degradation process

scholarly journals Dynamic Model-Free and Model-Fitting Kinetic Analysis during Torrefaction of Oil Palm Frond Pellets

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-263
Author(s):  
Sharmeela Matali ◽  
Norazah Abd Rahman ◽  
Siti Shawalliah Idris ◽  
Nurhafizah Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Integral Model ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Oil Palm Frond ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Palm Frond

Torrefaction is a thermal conversion method extensively used for improving the properties of biomass. Usually this process is conducted within a temperature range of 200-300 °C under an inert atmosphere with residence time up to 60 minutes. This work aimed to study the kinetic of thermal degradation of oil palm frond pellet (OPFP) as solid biofuel for bioenergy production. The kinetics of OPFP during torrefaction was studied using frequently used iso-conversional model fitting (Coats-Redfern (CR)) and integral model-free (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS)) methods in order to provide effective apparent activation energy as a function of conversion. The thermal degradation experiments were conducted at four heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C/min in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) under non-oxidative atmosphere. The results revealed that thermal decomposition kinetics of OPFP during torrefaction is significantly influenced by the severity of torrefaction temperature. Via Coats-Redfern method, torrefaction degradation reaction mechanism follows that of reaction order with n = 1. The activation energy values were 239.03 kJ/mol and 109.28 kJ/mol based on KAS and CR models, respectively. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

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