scholarly journals Thidiazuron-induced direct organogenesis from immature inflorescence of three date palm cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania A. Taha ◽  
Mai A. Allam ◽  
S. A. M. Hassan ◽  
Basem M. M. Bakr ◽  
Mona M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Inflorescence Explants

Abstract Background Inflorescence explants of date palm proved to be a promising tool for micropropagation of elite cultivars or rare males and females as organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis could be achieved. These plant materials are abundantly available every year and can be used as cheap and potent explants. Nevertheless, many difficulties could be faced in this protocol according to selection of the spathe size and age, media components, growth regulators, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of various cytokinins on direct organs induction of three date palm cultivars (Selmi, Barhee, and Medjool) from immature inflorescence. An additional objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cytokinins and auxins on growth and development of Medjool cultivar. Results Various combinations of cytokinins were investigated on three date palm inflorescences as N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), kinetin, benzyleadenine (BA), and thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl urea) (TDZ). TDZ alone or in combination with BA proved to be superior for direct organogenesis in all three cultivars so that another combination of TDZ with BA was conducted. Results showed that moderate concentration of BA, with TDZ, gave superior response. Medjool cultivar response surpassed other two cultivars that made the possibility to conduct some growth regulators treatments on its multiplication and regeneration. TDZ at 0.5 + BA at 1.0 mg/l without activated charcoal seemed to enhance multiplication rate. Medium containing 0.5 mg/l of both naphthaleneacetic acid and indole butyric acid in addition to 1.0 mg/l indole acetic acid appeared to be more suitable for rooting stage of Medjool shootlets. Conclusion In this study, we created an innovation sequence of growth regulators included in nutrient media for date palm direct organogenesis from inflorescence. Organogenesis has been accelerated from immature inflorescence explants and developed to healthy plantlets which acclimatized in greenhouse.

scholarly journals Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture, Testing Different Media and a Plant Growth Regulator Matrix

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Toktam Taghavi ◽  
Alireza Rahemi ◽  
Reza Rafie ◽  
Maru K. Kering
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Multiplication Rate

Rapid multiplication of turmeric (Curcuma longa) by micropropagation is needed to produce a continuous source of uniformly sized, high-quality, and disease-free plantlets. Three in vitro experiments were conducted to optimize the medium by evaluating nine media and a full factorial combination (matrix) of two plant growth regulators for direct organogenesis of ‘Hawaiian Red’ turmeric. Two experiments evaluated the media, and the third studied the plant growth regulator matrix. As a result, Driver and Kuniyuki walnut (DKW), Murashige and Skoog (MS), and broadleaf tree basal (BLT) media performed better than woody plant media [Lloyd & McCown woody plant basal medium (L&M), and McCown’s woody plant basal salt mixture (McCown)] for shoot and root formation. The multiplication rate was 18 plants per explant in DKW with 1 mg⋅L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg⋅L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). After transferring the plants to an ex vitro environment, the survival rate was 97%, and 30% higher than previously reported. DKW produced the highest number of plantlets (with shoots and roots), and BLT produced fewer plants with higher biomass. In the MS media, higher BAP to NAA ratio (2.5 to 0.1 mg⋅L−1) produced the most significant number of shoots; however, the lowest concentration of BAP and NAA (0.1 mg⋅L−1 of both) produced the highest number of rooted plantlets. There are two recommendations for tissue culture of ‘Hawaiian Red’ turmeric. To produce the highest number of plantlets, one should use the higher BAP to NAA ratio (2.5 mg⋅L−1 BAP and 0.1 mg⋅L−1 NAA) for shoot proliferation and then transfer the explants to the root initiation media. However, to reduce the number of subcultures, the explants can be grown in the lowest concentration of both BAP and NAA (0.1 mg⋅L−1) to induce both shoot and root. Although, the number of plantlets (with roots and shoots) will decrease in this method, there is no need for subsequent subcultures and changing of the plant growth regulator combinations.

scholarly journals Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad Zahid ◽  
Hawa Z.E. Jaafar ◽  
Mansor Hakiman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Disease Free

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost. Simultaneously, the rhizomes’ availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand, Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose concentration (>45 g L−1). In addition, zeatin at 5–10 µM was found more effective for microrhizome induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose’s required dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose, 10 µM zeatin and 7.5 µM NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong ginger.

scholarly journals Experimental Theoretical Studies on Extract of Date Palm Seed as a Green Anti-Corrosion Agent in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3535
Author(s):  
Naba Jasim Mohammed ◽  
Norinsan Kamil Othman ◽  
Mohamad Fariz Mohamad Taib ◽  
Mohd Hazrie Samat ◽  
Solhan Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Carbon Steel Surface

Extracts from plant materials have great potential as alternatives to inorganic corrosion inhibitors, which typically have harmful consequences. Experimental and theoretical methodologies studied the effectiveness of agricultural waste, namely, date palm seed extract as a green anti-corrosive agent in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. Experimental results showed that immersion time and temperature are closely related to the effectivity of date palm seed as a corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency reduced from 95% to 91% at 1400 ppm when the immersion time was increased from 72 h to 168 h. The experimental results also indicated that the inhibition efficiency decreased as the temperature increased. The presence of a protective layer of organic matter was corroborated by scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption studies indicated that date palm seed obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm on the carbon steel surface, and Gibbs free energy values were in the range of −33.45 to −38.41 kJ·mol−1. These results suggested that the date palm seed molecules interacted with the carbon steel surface through mixture adsorption. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory showed that the capability to donate and accept electrons between the alloy surface and the date palm seed inhibitor molecules is critical for adsorption effectiveness. The HOMO and LUMO result indicated that the carboxyl (COOH) group and C=C bond were the most active sites for the electron donation-acceptance type of interaction and most auxiliary to the adsorption process over the Fe surface.

scholarly journals In vitro organogenesis and plant regeneration of Passiflora xishuangbannaensis, a species with extremely small populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-yuan Meng ◽  
Shi-jie Song ◽  
Sven Landrein
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species

Abstract Passiflora xishuangbannaensis (Passifloraceae) is endemic to a few sites of Mengyang nature reserve in Yunnan, Xishuangbanna and less than 40 individuals have been recorded. Nine Passiflora species are endemic to Yunnan with most species occurring in South America, making P. xishuangbannaensis highly significant and emblematic to the conservation work in the region. This study is designed to provide the first protocol for in vitro organogenesis and plant regeneration for ex situ conservation and reintroduction for an Asian Passiflora species. Using internodes, petioles and tendrils we optimize calli formation and root elongation using several plant growth regulators, individually or in combination. We also assess the genetic stability of regenerated cells. The maximum callus induction and shoot bud differentiation were both achieved on half Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 4.44 µM 6-Benzylaminopurine and 1.08 µM 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid. The best rooting was achieved from 30 days old, regenerated shoots on half Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 1.08 µM 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid. Micropropagated plants were subjected to inter simple sequence repeat markers analyses. Collectively, 86 bands were generated from 6 primers of which 12 bands were polymorphic, showing genetic variation between the regenerated plantlets and the original plant. Response to plant growth regulators was more specific than most other studies using South American species, which could be explained by the morphological and physiological differences between South American and Asian Passiflora species

scholarly journals Effect of growth regulators on 'Brookfield' apple gas diffusion and metabolism under controlled atmosphere storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auri Brackmann ◽  
Fabio Rodrigo Thewes ◽  
Rogerio de Oliveira Anese ◽  
Vanderlei Both
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on gas diffusion and on metabolism of 'Brookfield' apple, and to determine their correlation with quality characteristics of fruit stored in controlled atmosphere. A completely randomized design was used with four replicates. After eight months of storage, the effects of water (control), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), AVG + ethephon, AVG + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), ethephon + NAA, sole NAA, 1-MCP, ethylene absorption by potassium permanganate (ABS), AVG + ABS, and of AVG + 1-MCP - applied at different rates and periods - were evaluated on: gas diffusion rate, ethylene production, respiratory rate, internal ethylene concentration, internal CO2 content, mealiness, and intercellular space. Fruit from the control and sole NAA treatments had the highest mealiness occurrence. Growth regulators significantly changed the gaseous diffusion through the pulp of 'Brookfield' apple, mainly in the treatment AVG + ABS, which kept the highest gas diffusion rate. NAA spraying in the field, with or without another growth regulator, increased ripening metabolism by rising ethylene production and respiration rate, and reduced gas diffusion during shelf life. AVG spraying cannot avoid the ethephon effect during the ripening process, and reduces both the internal space and mealiness incidence, but it is not able to induce ethylene production or to increase respiration rates.

scholarly journals VERSATILE ROLE OF AUXIN AND ITS CROSSTALK WITH OTHER PLANT HORMONES TO REGULATE PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Ishtiaq ◽  
Savita Bhardwaj ◽  
Aaliya Ashraf ◽  
Dhriti Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Cellular Processes

Plant growth regulators are significant chemical compounds which are synthesized inside the plant cells and play vital role in plant growth and development. Such compounds are usually active at very low concentrations. These plant growth regulators act as a signalling molecule, which influences the growth of plants. Throughout the previous year’s remarkable investigation have been done for understanding the synthesis of auxin and its effect on various physiological progressions. Auxin is a plant hormone that is involved in various physiological activities, including basic cellular processes such as cell enlargement, regulation of the cell cycle and distinction progress. Plants and several other microorganisms together produce auxin in order to carry out their cell cycle. The chemically synthesized auxins like NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and IBA (Indole- butyric acid), also take part in various cellular processes. Against various types of biotic and abiotic stress conditions, these plant hormones significantly contribute in promoting acclimatization and adaptation in combination with other phytohormones. The present review highlights some of the important features of auxin role in regulation of plant growth either alone or in crosstalk with other plant hormones.

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