scholarly journals Diversity Interventions in the Classroom: From Resistance to Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. ar52
Author(s):  
Dustin B. Thoman ◽  
Melo-Jean Yap ◽  
Felisha A. Herrera ◽  
Jessi L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Classroom Interventions ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Specific Input ◽  
Action Model

The diversity intervention-resistance to action model is presented along with interviews of biology faculty undertaken to understand how resistance to implementing diversity-enhancing classroom interventions manifests at four specific input points within a rational decision-making process that too often results in inaction.

scholarly journals The Psychological Puzzle: Contributing Factors to the Top-Down Politicization of Intelligence

Elements ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rational Decision Making

Policy and intelligence are intimately intertwined. Policymakers need intelligence to make decisions, while the intelligence community derives significance from its ability to provide policy makers with reliable information. In this symbiotic relationship, it is healthy for intelligence consumers to at times check and direct the work of intelligence producers. However, if undertaken maliciously, this checking mechanism manifests as top-down politicization. Here, leaders use intelligence post facto to legitimize their policies instead of using it to guide them, reversing the rational decision-making process. Certain factors may compel leaders to manipulate intelligence to reflect their policy preferences. This essay demonstrates how three distinct processes of top-down politicization can arise from ambiguous evidence, the psychology of intelligence consumers, and the nature of the leaders’ political positions and responsibilities. It then proceeds to argue that political leaders’ psychology is the most potent source of top-down politicization.

Evidence on rationality and behavioural biases in investment decision making

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Nisha Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between rational decision-making and behavioural biases among individual investors in India, as well as to examine the influence of demographic variables on rational decision-making process and how those differences manifest themselves in the form of behavioural biases. Design/methodology/approach Using a structured questionnaire, a total of 386 valid responses have been collected from May to October 2015. Statistical techniques like t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test have been used in this study. Structural equation modelling (SEM) has been used to analyse the relationship between rational decision-making and behavioural biases. Findings The findings show that the structural path model closely fits the sample data, indicating investors follow a rational decision-making process while investing. However, behavioural biases also arise in different stages of the decision-making process. It further explores that gender and income have a significant difference with respect to rational decision-making process. Male investors are more prone to overconfidence and herding bias in India. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study have significant implication for the individual investors. It is recommended that if individuals are aware about the biases, they may become alert before taking irrational investment decisions. Originality/value To best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is a first of its kind to investigate the relationship between rational decision-making and behavioural biases among individual investors in India.

The Decision to Pollute

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Dawes ◽  
J Delay ◽  
W Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Commons Dilemma ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mathematical Model

One way of studying the pollution problem is to examine the decision making process in situations in which gain accrues directly to an individual, while loss is spread out across the group of which the individual is a member. Such a situation has been termed a commons dilemma by Lloyd in 1833; it is a variant of the well known prisoner's dilemma. The mathematical model of rational decision making when facing the commons dilemma implies the dismal conclusion that individuals acting rationally will end up by destroying, or nearly destroying, the common wealth. Suggestions are made concerning ways in which people may be persuaded not to pollute our environment.

scholarly journals An empirical study of the impact of leadership, virtuousness and decision-making process on effectiveness of Indonesian private universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Edi Abdurachman ◽  
Idris Gautama ◽  
Asnan Furinto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Organizational Effectiveness ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between servant / authentic leadership, organizational virtuousness, collegial / rational decision-making and organizational effectiveness of the departments at private universities. This study uses 97 faculty members’ data, collected from 78 departments in 17 private universities in Lembaga Layanan Pendidikan Tinggi (LLDikti) III. Structural Equation Modelling - Partial Least Square technique was used to determine statistical significance and path coefficients for the model. The findings indicate that servant leadership significantly affects organizational virtuousness, organizational virtuousness has a significant effect on both collegial / rational decision-making and organizational effectiveness, and organizational virtuousness has a significant effect on organizational effectiveness as well. This research reveals that servant leadership plays a substantial role in developing a virtuous culture, whereas authentic leadership has not contributed to encourage organizational virtuousness in private universities’ departments. Organizational virtuousness practices in departments result in more organizational effectiveness and enable them to exercise collegial / rational decision-making process for the allocation of resources. Moreover, the collegial / rational decision-making approach positively influences the effectiveness of the private universities’ departments. Keywords: Servant Leadership, Authentic Leadership, Organizational Virtuousness, Collegial / Rational Decision-Making, Organizational Effectiveness, Private Universities.

scholarly journals The outsourcing decision-making process: two extensions to the management accounting toolkit

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Lars Bråd Nielsen ◽  
Hanne Nørreklit
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Pragmatic Constructivism ◽  
Outsourcing Decision

In response to a lack of research, this paper explores the type of reasoning that companies use to structure their complex outsourcing decision and the procedures for producing relevant accounting information. Analyzing two manufacturing companies, we uncover two methods for structuring the outsourcing decision-making process and for determining relevant accounting information: an analytical method and an actor-based method rooted in pragmatic constructivism. The two cases show that both strategy and management accounting play an interrelated, crucial role in the decision to outsource. The article adds to the academic literature on calculative decision theory by accentuating the notion of ‘practice’ rational decision-making, where managers have to integrate sensing and reasoning into practical affairs. In practice, the results provide extensions to the management accounting toolkit since these cases can serve as inspiration for structuring the outsourcing decision-making process in similar situations.

The Broken Promise

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan O. Varol
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Democratic Rule

This chapter analyzes coups that begin with promises of democratic rule but end with the establishment of dictatorship. Some coup makers lose their enthusiasm for democracy for irrational reasons. A successful victory against a dictator can foster self-indulgent fantasies about future possibilities. Although plenty of military leaders irrationally prefer dictatorship out of ignorance or ego, others choose dictatorship in a rational decision-making process. Although the costs of authoritarianism outweigh its benefits for many militaries, for some militaries, that calculus may be reversed. For example, the coup makers may believe that a loyalist dictator will benefit them more than democratic rule. Particularly when they’re confident the dictator will stay loyal to their interests for the long term, the coup makers may throw their support behind a dictator, as opposed to subjecting their future to the vagaries of democratic politics.

scholarly journals A Rational Decision-Making Process with Public Engagement for Designing Public Transport Services: A Real Case Application in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Cartenì ◽  
Luca D’Acierno ◽  
Mariano Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Public Transport Services

The sustainable design of public transport services is a crucial issue that may affect the economy of local areas and the social inclusion of their inhabitants. Indeed, transport accessibility of households, businesses, and retail activities is one of the main drivers that influence location choices and sustainable development and where the public transport services may play a key (positive) role. Furthermore, the economic crisis of the 2009 and the current ones caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has further limited the funds available for public services, including the transport sector. In this critical context, sound design of public transport services assumes great importance, especially in light of financial constraints. Starting from these considerations, the aim of this paper has been to propose an innovative methodology for designing public transport services based on a rational decision-making process with stakeholder engagement, aiming to perform a sustainable development perspective. The proposed methodology combines technical aspects, social and political issues, equity perspectives, and it is aimed in obtaining a design solution that can be accepted by the whole community. The proposed theoretical design methodology has also been applied to a case study in order to verify its applicability to a real context, consisting of the design of the public transport plan of the province of Foggia in southern Italy. Applications results show that the sustainable design scenario is not only the best ones from a technical point of view, but also participated, equitable, and approved by both policymakers and stakeholders.

scholarly journals Behavioral models of irrational decision-making in the financial market

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Dogandžić ◽  
Sonja Dogandžić
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
The Subject

The decision-making process within financial management requires continuous study and analysis. Classical theory is based on the decision-making process on the hypothesis of market efficiency on rational decision-making that brings effects that can be estimated by the law of probability. Rationality in the decision-making process is always classified as expected behavior. However, in practice, human behavior is not always rational and that is why it is the subject of continuous research. It means getting acquainted with human behavior, what they do, why they do something and what are the consequences of their work. In that sense, in relation to financial management and the decision-making process, a special discipline stands out, behavioral finance, which deals with the study of this process, irrationality in decision-making or the study of inadequate use of all relevant data that could affect rational decision-making.

Private tutoring and the subjective rationalities of parents: the experiences in South Korea and Singapore

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Tan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Private Tutoring ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Shed Light

PurposeThis article proposes a model of subjective rationalities to shed light on the global phenomenon of parental reliance on private tutoring for their children. The model is illustrated using the examples of the rational decision-making process and outcome of parents with regards to enrolling their children in private tutoring in South Korea and Singapore.Design/methodology/approachThis is a theoretical paper that relies on a critical review of official documents, academic publications and newspaper reports.FindingsThis article proposes an original model to shed light on the global phenomenon of parental reliance on private tutoring for their children. The model highlights the following: the dynamic interactions between parents, education policy and private tutoring; the active role of private tutoring providers; and the socio-culturally embedded and complex nature of educational decisions.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a conceptual paper that proposes a theoretical model, so there is no empirical data.Originality/valueThis article fills an existing research gap on the dynamic interactions between the parents, education policy and private tutoring. It offers an original model that illuminates the rational decision-making process and outcome of parents that pertains to private tutoring for their children.

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