scholarly journals 3D ground-penetrating radar imaging of ice complex deposits in northern East Siberia

Geophysics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. WA195-WA202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Schennen ◽  
Jens Tronicke ◽  
Sebastian Wetterich ◽  
Niklas Allroggen ◽  
Georg Schwamborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Field Site ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ice Complex

Ice complex deposits are characteristic, ice-rich formations in northern East Siberia and represent an important part in the arctic carbon pool. Recently, these late Quaternary deposits are the objective of numerous investigations typically relying on outcrop and borehole data. Many of these studies can benefit from a 3D structural model of the subsurface for upscaling their observations or for constraining estimations of inventories, such as the local carbon stock. We have addressed this problem of structural imaging by 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which, in permafrost studies, has been primarily used for 2D profiling. We have used a 3D kinematic GPR surveying strategy at a field site located in the New Siberian Archipelago on top of an ice complex. After applying a 3D GPR processing sequence, we were able to trace two horizons at depths below 20 m. Taking available borehole and outcrop data into account, we have interpreted these two features as interfaces of major lithologic units and derived a 3D cryostratigraphic model of the subsurface. Our data example demonstrated that a 3D surveying and processing strategy was crucial at our field site and showed the potential of 3D GPR to image geologic structures in complex ice-rich permafrost landscapes.

scholarly journals Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy

Solid Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2573-2596
Author(s):  
Maurizio Ercoli ◽  
Daniele Cirillo ◽  
Cristina Pauselli ◽  
Harry M. Jol ◽  
Francesco Brozzetti
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Seismic Gap ◽  
Southern Apennines ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
2D Data ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract. With the aim of unveiling evidence of Late Quaternary faulting, a series of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles were acquired across the southern portion of the Fosso della Valle–Campotenese normal fault (VCT), located at the Campotenese continental basin (Mt. Pollino region) in the southern Apennines active extensional belt (Italy). A set of 49 GPR profiles, traced nearly perpendicular to this normal fault, was acquired using 300 and 500 MHz antennas and carefully processed through a customized workflow. The data interpretation allowed us to reconstruct a pseudo-3D model depicting the boundary between the Mesozoic bedrock and the sedimentary fill of the basin, which were in close proximity to the fault. Once the GPR signature of faulting was reviewed and defined, we interpret near-surface alluvial and colluvial sediments dislocated by a set of conjugate (W- and E-dipping) discontinuities that penetrate inside the underlying Triassic dolostones. Close to the contact between the continental deposits and the bedrock, some buried scarps which offset wedge-shaped deposits are interpreted as coseismic ruptures, subsequently sealed by later deposits. Our pseudo-3D GPR dataset represented a good trade-off between a dense 3D-GPR volume and conventional 2D data, which normally requires a higher degree of subjectivity during the interpretation. We have thus reconstructed a reliable subsurface fault pattern, discriminating master faults and a series of secondary splays. This contribution better characterizes active Quaternary faults in an area which falls within the Pollino seismic gap and is considered prone to severe surface faulting. Our results encourage further research at the study site, whilst we also recommend our workflow for similar regions characterized by high seismic hazard and scarcity of near-surface geophysical data.

Integrating ground-penetrating radar and borehole data from a Wadden Sea barrier island

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nielsen ◽  
I. Møller ◽  
L.H. Nielsen ◽  
P.N. Johannessen ◽  
M. Pejrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Assessing the potential to detect oil spills in and under snow using airborne ground-penetrating radar

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. G1-G12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Bradford ◽  
David F. Dickins ◽  
Per Johan Brandvik
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Impedance Contrast ◽  
Snow Stratigraphy ◽  
Natural Snow ◽  
Ground Penetrating

With recent increased interest in oil and gas exploration and development in the Arctic comes increased potential for an accidental hydrocarbon release into the cryosphere, including within and at the base of snow. There is a critical need to develop effective and reliable methods for detecting such spills. Numerical modeling shows that ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is sensitive to the presence of oil in the snow pack over a broad range of snow densities and oil types. Oil spills from the surface drain through the snow by the mechanisms of unsaturated flow and form geometrically complex distributions that are controlled by snow stratigraphy. These complex distributions generate an irregular pattern of radar reflections that can be differentiated from natural snow stratigraphy, but in many cases, interpretation will not be straightforward. Oil located at the base of the snow tends to reduce the impedance contrast with the underlying ice or soil substrate resulting in anomalously low-amplitude radar reflections. Results of a controlled field experiment using a helicopter-borne, [Formula: see text] GPR system showed that a [Formula: see text]-thick oil film trapped between snow and sea ice was detected based on a 51% decrease in reflection strength. This is the first reported test of GPR for the problem of oil detection in and under snow. Results indicate that GPR has the potential to become a robust tool that can substantially improve oil spill characterization and remediation.

scholarly journals Mapping of Agricultural Subsurface Drainage Systems Using a Frequency-Domain Ground Penetrating Radar and Evaluating Its Performance Using a Single-Frequency Multi-Receiver Electromagnetic Induction Instrument

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triven Koganti ◽  
Ellen Van De Vijver ◽  
Barry J. Allred ◽  
Mogens H. Greve ◽  
Jørgen Ringgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Emi Sensor

Subsurface drainage systems remove excess water from the soil profile thereby improving crop yields in poorly drained farmland. Knowledge of the position of the buried drain lines is important: 1) to improve understanding of leaching and offsite release of nutrients and pesticides, and 2) for the installation of a new set of drain lines between the old ones for enhanced soil water removal efficiency. Traditional methods of drainage mapping involve the use of tile probes and trenching equipment. While these can be effective, they are also time-consuming, labor-intensive, and invasive, thereby entailing an inherent risk of damaging the drainpipes. Non-invasive geophysical soil sensors provide a potential alternative solution. Previous research has focused on the use of time-domain ground penetrating radar (GPR), with variable success depending on local soil and hydrological conditions and the central frequency of the specific equipment employed. The objectives of this study were 1) to test the use of a stepped-frequency continuous wave (SFCW) 3D-GPR (GeoScope Mk IV 3D-Radar with DXG1820 antenna array) for subsurface drainage mapping, and 2) to evaluate the performance of a 3D-GPR with the use of a single-frequency multi-receiver electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor (DUALEM) in-combination. The 3D-GPR system offers more flexibility for application to different (sub)surface conditions due to the coverage of wide frequency bandwidth. The EMI sensor simultaneously provides information about the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) for different soil volumes, corresponding to different depths. This sensor combination was evaluated on twelve different study sites with various soil types with textures ranging from sand to clay till. While the 3-D GPR showed a high success rate in finding the drainpipes at five sites (sandy, sandy loam, loamy sand, and organic topsoils), the results at the other seven sites were less successful due to limited penetration depth (PD) of the 3D-GPR signal. The results suggest that the electrical conductivity estimates produced by the inversion of ECa data measured by the DUALEM sensor could be a useful proxy to explain the success achieved by the 3D-GPR in finding the drain lines. The high attenuation of electromagnetic waves in highly conductive media limiting the PD of the 3D-GPR can explain the findings obtained in this research.

scholarly journals Ground-penetrating radar imaging reveals glacier's drainage network in 3D

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 3975-3988
Author(s):  
Gregory Church ◽  
Andreas Bauder ◽  
Melchior Grab ◽  
Hansruedi Maurer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Radar Imaging ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Glacier Dynamics ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract. Hydrological systems of glaciers have a direct impact on the glacier dynamics. Since the 1950s, geophysical studies have provided insights into these hydrological systems. Unfortunately, such studies were predominantly conducted using 2D acquisitions along a few profiles, thus failing to provide spatially unaliased 3D images of englacial and subglacial water pathways. The latter has likely resulted in flawed constraints for the hydrological modelling of glacier drainage networks. Here, we present 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) results that provide high-resolution 3D images of an alpine glacier's drainage network. Our results confirm a long-standing englacial hydrology theory stating that englacial conduits flow around glacial overdeepenings rather than directly over the overdeepening. Furthermore, these results also show exciting new opportunities for high-resolution 3D GPR studies of glaciers.

scholarly journals The Carboneras Fault Zone (southeastern Spain) revisited with Ground Penetrating Radar – Quaternary structural styles from high-resolution images

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Reicherter ◽  
S. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Active Set ◽  
Southeastern Spain ◽  
Betic Cordilleras ◽  
Ground Penetrating

AbstractThe Carboneras Fault Zone (CFZ) represents an active set of sinistral strike-slip faults in the Betic Cordilleras of southeastern Spain. It constitutes a major segment of the ‘Trans-Alboran shear zone’ during the Cenozoic, striking NE-SW. The CFZ separates the Cabo de Gata Block (Neogene volcanics) against Neogene basinal sediments and the metamorphic basement of the Alpujarride Complex.Three sites along the CFZ were examined with Ground Penetrating Radar techniques. Radar surveying was complemented by structural studies. Shallow-depth high-resolution imaging of Tyrrhenian beach terraces exhibited both vertical and minor horizontal offsets in the Rambla Morales site in the south. A sinistral strike-slip fault associated with minor thrust faults in a positive flower structure was detected in the middle segment along the La Serrata ridge, sealed by a caliche of late Pleistocene age (> 10 ka). The Playa de Bolmayor section yielded sub-surface evidence for several faults probably related to recent activity of individual fault strands. Our results suggest a distributed tectonic activity of the CFZ during the Late Quaternary.

DETECTION OF ROAD CAVITIES IN URBAN CITIES BY 3D GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Hai Liu ◽  
Zhenshi Shi ◽  
Jianhui Li ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Xu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Horizontal Size ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Cavities under urban roads have increasingly become a great threat to the traffic safety in many cities. As a quick, effective, and high-resolution geophysical method, ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used to detect and image near-surface objects. However, the interpretation of field GPR data is still challenging. For example, it is hard to distinguish reflections caused by road cavities or other urban utilities by a conventional 2D GPR survey. The superiority of 3D GPR in data interpretation is demonstrated by a laboratory experiment. Two pipes and a glass-made cavity buried in a sandpit show similar hyperbolic reflections in the 2D GPR profiles, and are hard to be discriminated. In contrast, their geometric shapes and dimensions are readily identified in the 3D image reconstructed from the synthetic 3D GPR dataset. Thus, a car-mounted 3D GPR system with two antenna arrays oriented in different polarization directions is developed, and has detected over 100 cavities in three Chinese cities over the past one year. The field data of two of the cavities are presented. As a result, the cavity depth, horizontal size and height can be accurately estimated from the 3D GPR dataset. Both laboratory and field experimental results indicate that 3D GPR possesses a great potential in detection and recognition of road cavities and utilities in the complicated urban environment.

GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR SOUNDING OF DEPOSITS WITHIN THE LIMITS OF HIGH-CENTERED POLYGONS IN THE ARCTIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
D.E. Edemsky ◽  
V.E. Tumskoy ◽  
A.N. Ovsyuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ground Penetrating

scholarly journals Mapping of Agricultural Subsurface Drainage Systems Using a Frequency-Domain Ground Penetrating Radar and Evaluating Its Performance Using a Single-Frequency Multi-Receiver Electromagnetic Induction Instrument

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triven Koganti ◽  
Ellen Van De Vijver ◽  
Barry J. Allred ◽  
Mogens H. Greve ◽  
Jørgen Ringgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Emi Sensor

Subsurface drainage systems are commonly used to remove surplus water from the soil profile of a poorly drained farmland. Traditional methods for drainage mapping involve the use of tile probes and trenching equipment that are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and invasive, thereby entailing an inherent risk of damaging the drainpipes. Effective and efficient methods are needed in order to map the buried drain lines: (1) to comprehend the processes of leaching and offsite release of nutrients and pesticides and (2) for the installation of a new set of drain lines between the old ones to enhance the soil water removal. Non-invasive geophysical soil sensors provide a potential alternative solution. Previous research has mainly showcased the use of time-domain ground penetrating radar, with variable success, depending on local soil and hydrological conditions and the central frequency of the specific equipment used. The objectives of this study were: (1) to test the use of a stepped-frequency continuous wave three-dimensional ground penetrating radar (3D-GPR) with a wide antenna array for subsurface drainage mapping and (2) to evaluate its performance with the use of a single-frequency multi-receiver electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor in-combination. This sensor combination was evaluated on twelve different study sites with various soil types with textures ranging from sand to clay till. While the 3D-GPR showed a high success rate in finding the drainpipes at five sites (sandy, sandy loam, loamy sand, and organic topsoils), the results at the other seven sites were less successful due to the limited penetration depth of the 3D-GPR signal. The results suggest that the electrical conductivity estimates produced by the inversion of apparent electrical conductivity data measured by the EMI sensor could be a useful proxy for explaining the success achieved by the 3D-GPR in finding the drain lines.

scholarly journals 3D GPR Image-based UcNet for Enhancing Underground Cavity Detectability

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Sung Kang ◽  
Namgyu Kim ◽  
Seok Been Im ◽  
Jong-Jae Lee ◽  
Yun-Kyu An
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Dependent Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Underground Cavity ◽  
Cavity Detection ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
Ground Penetrating

This paper proposes a 3D ground penetrating radar (GPR) image-based underground cavity detection network (UcNet) for preventing sinkholes in complex urban roads. UcNet is developed based on convolutional neural network (CNN) incorporated with phase analysis of super-resolution (SR) GPR images. CNNs have been popularly used for automated GPR data classification, because expert-dependent data interpretation of massive GPR data obtained from urban roads is typically cumbersome and time consuming. However, the conventional CNNs often provide misclassification results due to similar GPR features automatically extracted from arbitrary underground objects such as cavities, manholes, gravels, subsoil backgrounds and so on. In particular, non-cavity features are often misclassified as real cavities, which degrades the CNNs’ performance and reliability. UcNet improves underground cavity detectability by generating SR GPR images of the cavities extracted from CNN and analyzing their phase information. The proposed UcNet is experimentally validated using in-situ GPR data collected from complex urban roads in Seoul, South Korea. The validation test results reveal that the underground cavity misclassification is remarkably decreased compared to the conventional CNN ones.

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