scholarly journals Adolescent decision-making and the zone of parental control: a missed opportunity for legislative change

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femi Akerele
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Parental Control ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
List Type ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Parental Responsibility ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Family ◽  
Missed Opportunity

SummaryIssues relating to the consent of individuals under 18 years of age in England and Wales are covered by the Family Law Reform Act 1969, the Children Act 1989, the Mental Health Act 1983 (to some extent) and case law. Legislation on the consent of minors to hospital admission and treatment is complicated and contradictory, leaving clinicians unsure when to rely on the consent of the minor or that of someone with parental responsibility. This article reviews the concept of the zone of parental control (ZPC), introduced in England in 2008. It argues that this concept is too vague and subjective to provide any clear guidance on who can give consent for a minor's admission and treatment.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Understand the concept of the ZPC and its relevance to clinical practice.•Determine the appropriate legal source of consent or refusal for children and young people.•Consider using formal powers (as against parental consent) with children and young people refusing admission and/or treatment.

Traumatismo dento-alveolar em escolares de uma ONG em Salvador-Bahia: uma abordagem epidemiológica

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Tatiana Frederico de Almeida ◽  
Carolina Silva Cervino Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Oral Health Problem ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dentoalveolar Trauma

Introdução: O traumatismo dento-alveolar em vários locais do mundo tem alta prevalência na dentição decídua e permanente de crianças e jovens, com cerca de um terço destes sendo afetados. Objetivo: descrever a prevalência e gravidade de traumatismo dento-alveolar em crianças e jovens de 03 a 18 anos, assim como fatores associados. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo transversal no Centro de Integração Familiar em Salvador, Bahia, que atende cerca de 400 crianças e jovens. Foram registradas informações sociodemográficas e história do trauma. O estudo foi realizado com uma amostra de 357 escolares. Resultados: A amostra tinha idade média de 8,3 anos. A prevalência do traumatismo foi de 15,69%, sendo a fratura de esmalte o agravo mais frequentemente encontrado, e sua etiologia principal a queda. Conclusão: O trauma acometeu o sexo feminino, as crianças mais velhas, de cor branca/outras, com overjet acentuado e com mais de dois irmãos. É necessária maior divulgação de informações de prevenção deste problema de saúde bucal.AbstractIntroduction: Dento-alveolar trauma in many places around the world has a high prevalence in deciduous and permanent dentition of children and young people, with about one third of them being affected. Objective: To describe the prevalence and severity of dentoalveolar trauma in children and young people from 03 to 18 years old, as well as associated factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Family Integration Center in Salvador, Bahia, which serves about 400 children and young people. Sociodemographic information and history of trauma were recorded. The study was conducted with a sample of 357 students. Results: The sample had a mean age of 8.3 years. The prevalence of trauma was 15.69%, with the enamel fracture being the most frequently encountered injury, and its main etiology being the fall. Conclusion: The trauma affected females, older children, white/others people, with severe overjet and with more than two siblings. More information on prevention of this oral health problem is needed.

Children and Young People in Out-of-Home Care: Treating and preventing individual, programmatic and systems abuse.

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Cavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
The Family

It is well recognised that the maltreatment of children results from a range of factors; some residing within the person, their family history and background, and others, clearly attributable to social stress and difficulties originating external to the family. In the last few decades, child welfare efforts have centred on the improvement of Child Protection Services and raising the prevention of child abuse as a community concern. More recently, attention has been focussed on strengthening the capacity of families to nurture and protect their own as the best means of meeting the developmental needs of children. However, our best efforts to assist families may still necessitate removal to protect the child.Research has identified that children removed for their own protection may be at even greater risk in out-of-home care. (Ryan 1987, Dawson 1984) Whether the incidence of abuse of children in out-of-home care is currently equivalent or higher than for the general population, is at this point a secondary concern. Out-of-home care is an essential and complex service. It is imperative to acknowledge that abuse can occur within the very system entrusted with the responsibility of protecting and caring for vulnerable children and young people.

scholarly journals Incorporating Children and Young People’s Voices in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services Using The Family Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hoadley ◽  
Freya Smith ◽  
Cecilia Wan ◽  
Adrian Falkov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Family Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Focused Practice

Mental illness in children and young people is increasing in frequency and complexity, is emerging earlier and is persisting into adulthood. This is a global issue with implications for research, policy and practice. Children and young people require the experience of safe, nurturing relationships for optimal lifelong outcomes. Despite awareness of this in Child and Adolescent Mental Health services, a focus on the relational context in which children and young people present is not universal. A challenge in family focused practice is to ensure that no individual’s voice is ‘too loud’ and that children and young people’s voices are heard. This article illustrates how a balance between individual and systems understanding can be achieved in therapeutic work by incorporating the voices of children and young people and concerns of other family members. This article describes an approach to improving family focused practice in a public Child and Adolescent Mental Health service. Use of The Family Model, as a family focused practice tool, is presented across three service settings. The Family Model intervention is briefly described, outlining the way in which it supports collaborative practice and assists clinicians to achieve the balance described above. Vignettes will demonstrate how children and young people’s voices are explicitly incorporated in formulating mental health issues with two generations to generate developmentally informed care plans.

scholarly journals SP8 Creating acceptable tablets 3D (CAT 3D): a feasibility study to evaluate the mouthfeel of 3D printed tablets in children and young people

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. e5.1-e5
Author(s):  
Louise Bracken ◽  
Emma McDonough ◽  
Joanne Shakeshaft ◽  
Fiona Wilson ◽  
Udeme Ohia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
List Type ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Short Video ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Hedonic Scale

AimTo evaluate the feasibility of a study investigating the mouthfeel of different sized 3D printed placebo solid dosage forms (SDFs) in children and young people (CYP) aged 4–12 years.MethodAll participants in the CAT 3D Study had previously participated in the Creating Acceptable Tablets (CAT) Study, a feasibility study which assessed the swallowability and acceptability of different sized placebo tablets, and therefore only attempted to swallow one 3D printed tablet. If the participant had successfully swallowed all three tablet sizes in the CAT Study (6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm) they were then randomised to receive any of the 3D printed tablets – 6 mm, 8 mm or 10 mm diameter. If a participant had not successfully swallowed all tablet sizes, they were allocated a 3D printed tablet of equal size to the largest tablet they had successfully swallowed in the CAT Study. Following informed consent, participants were shown a short video demonstrating how to swallow a tablet. Participants were then provided with the sample 3D tablet and 150 mL of still water in a cup. The volume of water required to swallow the tablet was measured, and further water was provided, where requested. The researcher observed and recorded the child’s facial expressions as they swallowed the tablet1, and an internal inspection of the mouth was conducted by the researcher to identify any residue or non-swallowed tablet.2 The participants assessed the swallowability, acceptability, mouthfeel and taste of the sample using a 5-point hedonic facial scale on a participant questionnaire. Faces 1–3 on the hedonic scale were deemed acceptable to the participant. The participants were also asked if the 3D printed tablet was a medicine, would they be willing to take it every day. In addition, they were asked which tablet felt better in the mouth as a comparison of mouthfeel between the GMP manufactured coated tablets (CAT study tablets) and the 3D printed tablets.ResultsA total of 30 participants were recruited to the CAT 3D Study, 87% of whom successfully swallowed the 3D printed tablet that they attempted to take. Attributes of the 3D printed tablets were scored as acceptable by the following percentage of participants – swallowability (80%), mouthfeel/texture (87%), volume (80%), acceptability (83%) and taste (93%). 77% of children advised they would be happy to take the tablet every day if it were a medicine. Participants were also asked which tablets felt better in the mouth – the CAT tablets or the 3D printed CAT 3D tablets, and the most popular response was that both felt ok (43%).ConclusionsThe data from this study shows that 3D printed SDFs may be a suitable dosage form for children aged 4–12 years. The results from this feasibility study will be used to inform a larger, definitive study looking at the mouthfeel of 3D printed tablets in children.ReferencesZeinstra GG, Koelen MA, Colindres D, et al. Facial expressions in school-aged children are a good indicator of ‘dislikes’, but not of ‘likes’. Food Quality and Preference 2009 December 2009; 20:620–624.Klingmann V, Spomer N, Lerch C, et al. Favorable acceptance of mini-tablets compared with syrup: a randomized controlled trial in infants and preschool children. The Journal of Pediatrics 2013 December 2013;163:1728–1732.e1.

scholarly journals Social Media and the Role in Spreading Social Unification Mutes in the Family

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 05055
Author(s):  
Amani Ali ◽  
Hassad Hassan ◽  
Siti Nurayu Mohd Basir
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
New Media ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Family Relation ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The Family

The effect of new media social not only on the children; but on the whole family was and still has Serious impact and dangerous to the community and the next generation and probably a lot of family relationship failed, and deteriorating. Perhaps explained in this paper some of which can be done to avoid those problems that brought us more of the West and traditions. They try to be with the children as a family with communication. Approximately 60% of educational concepts and ethics, behavior and belief sourced media. The Toxins That Threaten Our Brain (The reflection of communication in family relation) a. Understanding the wellbeing of the children and young people. b. Issues for consideration in conceptualizing the wellbeing of the children and young people. c. Identify emerging trends concerning the psychological and emotional wellbeing needs of children and young people. Identify and determine the relationships between parents and young people make them able of dealing with others, not only online and away their social and family mutes. At the same time though, overall Internet use keeping family member apart. Online social networks are more than just a fad among the younger generation, “Lynn Franco, director of The Conference Board Consumer Research Center, in a statement. “They’ve become an integral part of our personal and professional lives. They’re an effective way to keep in touch with people, connect with friends and family, and network with colleagues and all that online if they see each other they don’t jnow how to communicate. ”

Introduction to leaving state care in China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Shang ◽  
Karen R. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive

This introductory chapter talks about how the rapid social, economic, and demographic changes in China have affected all aspects of the living environment of children and young people, particularly children in state care. Positive developments are the growth of the mixed welfare state and the relaxation of the family planning requirements, so that all families can now choose to have more than one child and they are more likely to receive free social services. These trends imply that fewer children will be left in state care in the future. On the other hand, whereas the government once arranged jobs for young people leaving care or other young people with disabilities, it now relies on the developing labour market to fulfil this function.

scholarly journals O23 Can children swallow tablets? outcome data from a feasibility study to assess the swallowability and acceptability of different sized placebo tablets in children and young people (creating acceptable tablets – cat)

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. e10.2-e10
Author(s):  
L Bracken ◽  
E McDonough ◽  
S Ashleigh ◽  
F Wilson ◽  
U Ohia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
List Type ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Children And Young People

BackgroundIt can be challenging to administer medicines to children and young people (CYP); due to the lack of available age-appropriate formulations. Developing medicines that are acceptable to CYP has the potential to improve treatment outcomes.1 Acceptability has been defined as ‘an overall ability of the patient and caregiver (defined as ‘user’) to use a medicinal product as intended’.2 There is limited evidence for the acceptability of tablets in CYP. This feasibility study aimed to investigate the swallowability and acceptability of different sized placebo tablets in CYP aged 4–12.MethodParticipants were asked to swallow three different sized placebo tablets; 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm, smallest to largest. Both healthy children and NHS patients were recruited. The researcher observed and recorded children’s facial expressions as they swallowed each tablet.3 Following administration, an internal inspection of the mouth was conducted to identify any residue or non-swallowed tablet.4 Participants completed a questionnaire about the acceptability of each tablet. For analysis participants were stratified by age: 4–8 and 9–12 years.Results55 participants were recruited to the study. 30 children were in the younger group, of which 23% had taken a tablet before. 84% of the 25 older children had previously taken a tablet. 100% of participants attempted to swallow the 6mm tablet, with 67% of younger children and all older children successfully swallowing the tablet. All participants in the older group attempted to swallow the 8 mm and 10 mm tablet with 100% successfully swallowing the 8 mm and 96% successfully swallowing the 10 mm tablet. 77% of younger children attempted to swallow the 8 mm tablet, with 91% succeeding. 70% of younger children attempted the 10mm tablet, with 95% succeeding.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that tablets of 6mm, 8mm and 10mm are potentially an acceptable formulation for children aged 4–12 years.ReferencesVenables R, Batchelor HK, Hodson J, Stirling H, Marriott J. Determination of formulation factors that affect oral medicines acceptability in a domiciliary paediatric population. Int J Pharm 2015;480(1–2):55–62.Kozarewicz P. Regulatory perspectives on acceptability testing of dosage forms in children. Int J Pharm 2014;469:245–8. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.057. European Medicines Agency. Guideline on pharmaceutical development of medicines for paediatric use. 2013;44:1–24.Zeinstra GG, Koelen MA, Colindres D, et al. Facial expressions in school-aged children are a good indicator of ‘dislikes’but not of ‘likes’. Food Quality and Preference 2009 December 2009;20(8):620–624.Klingmann V, Spomer N, Lerch C, et al. Favorable Acceptance of Mini-Tablets Compared with Syrup: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Infants and Preschool Children. The Journal of Pediatrics 2013 December 2013;163(6):1728–1732.e1.Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose

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