scholarly journals Landscape of childhood and adolescent depression in Pakistan: experience from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S264-S264
Author(s):  
Maria Khan ◽  
Mohummad Hassan Raza Raja ◽  
Fatima Gauhar ◽  
Tania Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Family History ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Depression ◽  
History Of Depression

AimsDepression is highly prevalent in children and adolescents in Pakistan, yet, factors affecting depression have not been widely studied. This study aims to assess the demographic and clinical characteristics of depression in children and adolescents and identify associations between parental marital status and confounding factors for depression.MethodA descriptive retrospective study was undertaken at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Patient records of children and adolescents (aged under 18 years), presenting to the psychiatry clinic with depression from 2015-2019 were reviewed. The diagnosis of clinical depression was made based on clinical assessment according to international guidelines. Patients whose medical records had missing information were excluded. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Continuous data are presented as mean +/- standard deviation, whereas categorical data are presented as percentages (%). Pearson Chi-square test of association has been used to assess the association between parental factors and confounding factors. In instances where Pearson's Chi-square test could not be applied, Fisher's exact test is used instead. Associations at p <0.05 (95% confidence limit) are considered statistically significant.ResultA total of 133 participants were included, of which 78 (58.6%) were female, and 55 (41.4%) were male, with a mean age of 15.5 +/- 2.4 (Range: Ages 4–18). The population had a 50.4% prevalence of suicidal ideation, 21.1% of self-harm, 15% of substance abuse and 14.3% of suicide attempts. Academic stress (54.9%), inter-parental conflict (30.1%) and child abuse (29.3%) were the most common confounding factors reported. Other confounding factors include a family history of depression (20.3%), experience of bullying (16.5%) witnessing domestic violence (16.5%), substance abuse (15.0%) and experiencing sexual abuse (6.0%). There is a statistically significant association between children having parents with non-intact marriages and experiencing sexual abuse (p < 0.001, Odds Ratio (OR) = 21.48), having a family history of depression (p < 0.001, OR = 7.04), child abuse (OR = 3.78). Children of non-traditional (not living with both parents) families were more likely to witness domestic violence (p < 0.001, OR = 4.28), have a family history of depression (p < 0.001, OR = 3.44), abuse substances (OR = 3.20) and experience child abuse (OR = 2.48).ConclusionThis study identifies factors that may put children at an increased risk of developing depression and performing high-risk behaviours. The findings can help develop better screening programs and counselling for children and adolescents, allowing prevention and ensuring early diagnosis and care.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte subsets and their association with the severity of patients with major depressive disorder (mdd)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari ◽  
Siti Nor Fairus Mohamed Sanusi ◽  
Mohd Azhar Mohd Yasin ◽  
Rohimah Mohamud ◽  
Che Maraina Che Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Depression ◽  
History Of Depression

Introduction: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) isexpected to become the second leading cause of worldwide disability by the year 2020 and the major contributor to the overall global burden of disease.Objective: This study was done to compare sociodemographicpredisposingfactors in MDD patients and controls in Kelantan, Malaysia.Methods: A total of 47 MDD patients and 47 healthy controls participated in this study. MDD patients were recruited from Psychiatric Clinic, HUSM and they were diagnosed according to DSM-V criteria. Patients’ biodata, medical and psychiatric history were taken by physician. Data were analysed using Pearson Chi-square and multiple logistic regression.Results: In MDD group, 61.7% were females and 38.3% were males. Forty two percent of MDD were in the age group of 45 to 65 years old and almost 12.8% of MDD patients had family history of depression, while all healthy controls were in good general health and had no family history of depression. Pearson Chi-square revealed that there were significant associations between smoking status (P=0.027), marital status (P=0.007) educational level (P=0.022) and area of living (P=0.0.036) with MDD. The results showed that unmarried person were less likely to have MDD compared to those married with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.31. Smoker were 5.16 at odds of having MDD as compared to non-smoker, while individuals with a low education were more likely to have MDD compared to those highly educated with adjusted OR of 2.04. The result also showed those living in urban area were less likely to have MDD compared to those living in rural area with adjusted OR of 0.48.Conclusion: Higher age, female and positive family history possess a higher tendency of having MDD. In addition, smokers, married, less educated and living in rural area were more likely to have MDD compared to healthy controls.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 02 April’19. Page: 80-87

scholarly journals Comparing SociodemographicPredisposing Factors in Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) and Controlsin Kelantan, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari ◽  
Mohd Azhar Mohd Yasin ◽  
Siti Nor Fairus Mohamed Sanusi ◽  
Mohd Nazri Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Depression ◽  
History Of Depression

Introduction: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) isexpected to become the second leading cause of worldwide disability by the year 2020 and the major contributor to the overall global burden of disease.Objective: This study was done to compare sociodemographicpredisposingfactors in MDD patients and controls in Kelantan, Malaysia.Methods: A total of 47 MDD patients and 47 healthy controls participated in this study. MDD patients were recruited from Psychiatric Clinic, HUSM and they were diagnosed according to DSM-V criteria. Patients’ biodata, medical and psychiatric history were taken by physician. Data were analysed using Pearson Chi-square and multiple logistic regression.Results: In MDD group, 61.7% were females and 38.3% were males. Forty two percent of MDD were in the age group of 45 to 65 years old and almost 12.8% of MDD patients had family history of depression, while all healthy controls were in good general health and had no family history of depression. Pearson Chi-square revealed that there were significant associations between smoking status (P=0.027), marital status (P=0.007) educational level (P=0.022) and area of living (P=0.0.036) with MDD. The results showed that unmarried person were less likely to have MDD compared to those married with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.31. Smoker were 5.16 at odds of having MDD as compared to non-smoker, while individuals with a low education were more likely to have MDD compared to those highly educated with adjusted OR of 2.04. The result also showed those living in urban area were less likely to have MDD compared to those living in rural area with adjusted OR of 0.48.Conclusion: Higher age, female and positive family history possess a higher tendency of having MDD. In addition, smokers, married, less educated and living in rural area were more likely to have MDD compared to healthy controls.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 02 April’19. Page: 74-79

Effect on Neuropsychiatric Disorders of Organophosphate Pesticides Exposure among Rice Farmers in Sukoharjo, Central Java

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Laela Fitriyani ◽  
◽  
Setyo Sri Rahardjo ◽  
Bhisma Murti ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Loss And Grief ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Depression ◽  
History Of Depression

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic exposure to organophosphate pesticides can increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. Unsafe behavior from farmers will endanger the health of farmers, especially in the form of neuropsychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety). This study aimed to analyze the effects of pesticide exposure and psychosocial determinants on depression and anxiety. Subjects and Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Sukoharjo, Central Java. The study population was rice farmers. A sample of 200 rice farmers who use organophospate pesticide was selected by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was neuropsychiatry (anxiety and depression). The independent variables were exposure to organophospate pesticide, had family history of depression, loss and grief, post trauma, work stress, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple linear regression. Results: The risk of depression increased with high exposure to organophospate pesticide (b= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.26; p= 0.005), had family history of depression (b= 5.10; 95% CI= 2.60 to 7.60; p<0.001), loss and grief (b= 2.94; 95% CI= 0.76 to 5.11; p= 0.008), post trauma (b= 2.57; 95% CI= 0.24 to 4.89; p= 0.031), and work stress (b= 0.16; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.27; p= 0.005). The risk of depression decreased with the use of PPE (b= -0.69; 95% CI= -1.32 to -0.076; p= 0.028). The risk of anxiety increased with high exposure to organophospate pesticide (b= 0.13; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.24; p= 0.025), post trauma (b= 5.96; 95% CI= 3.48 to 8.44; p<0.001), loss and grief (b= 3.39; 95% CI= 1.07 to 5.71; p<0.001), had family history of depression (b= 2.95; 95% CI= 0.29 to 5.62; p= 0.004), and work stress (b= 0.19; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.30; p=0.002). The risk of anxiety decreased with the use of PPE (b= -0.09; 95% CI= -1.57 to -0.024; p=0.008). Conclusion: The risk of depression increases with high exposure to organophospate pesticide, family history of depression, loss and grief, post trauma, and work stress. The risk of depression decreases with the use of PPE. The risk of anxiety increases with high exposure to organophospate pesticide, post trauma, loss and grief, had family history of depression, and work stress. The risk of anxiety decreases with the use of PPE. Keywords: Neuropsychiatry disorder, depression, anxiety Correspondence: Ayu Laela Fitriyani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +625796333986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.48

Anxious-retarded depression: relation to family history of depression

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remco F.P de Winter ◽  
Koos H Zwinderman ◽  
Jaap G Goekoop
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Depression ◽  
History Of Depression

scholarly journals A Psycho-Educational Intervention for People with a Family History of Depression: Pilot Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Meiser ◽  
Michelle Peate ◽  
Charlene Levitan ◽  
Philip B Mitchell ◽  
Lyndal Trevena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Depression ◽  
History Of Depression

Increased blood BDNF in healthy individuals with a family history of depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 176-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Knorr ◽  
Mia H. Greisen Søndergaard ◽  
Pernille Koefoed ◽  
Anders Jørgensen ◽  
Maria Faurholt-Jepsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Depression ◽  
History Of Depression

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Determinants of Substance Abuse among Male Substance Abusers Attending a De-Addiction Centre in Bangalore City

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 2572-2577
Author(s):  
Sumanth Tarikere Parameshwaraiah ◽  
Vishnuvardhan Gopalkrishna ◽  
Vidhyavathi Malyam ◽  
Asha Chandahalli Sannappa ◽  
Amulya Bhaskara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND Substance abuse is a cause of deaths, global burden of disease and injury. Increasing trends of underage substance abuse have shown to be associated with future substance dependency. Understanding various factors associated with it will help mitigate the severity and extent of use. In this study, we wanted to find out the pattern of substance abuse in patients at a de-addiction centre in Bangalore. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 male patients admitted to a deaddiction centre in Bangalore. Information was collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire forms and the collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v 16.0 software. RESULTS The majority of the participants abused alcohol (92.4 %) and nicotine (74.2 %). 40.5 % of the participants initiated alcohol abuse in age groups of 12 – 18 (Years). Peer pressure (40.4 %) and curiosity (19 %) were observed as the most common reason for substance abuse. The common reason to seek de-addiction services was family pressure (22.4 %), physical health problems (14.2 %), family responsibility (12.4 %) fear of being a social outcast in the community (12 %) and psychiatric problems (10.6 %). Among the participants, 39.4 % had a family history of substance abuse and 41 % had a history of psychiatric illness. 47.4 % reported a history of child abuse. CONCLUSIONS Most participants initiated abuse before age of 25 mainly due to peer pressure. Proper enforcement of rules concerning under-aged substance abuse, proper peer and familial support, addressing concerns of psychiatric comorbidity and child abuse can decrease the chances of future dependency and thus lessen the burden of the problem. KEYWORDS De-Addiction Centre, Under-Aged Substance Abuse, Family History, Psychiatric Illness

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