A Short Scale for Rating Paranoid Schizophrenia

1959 ◽  
Vol 105 (440) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Venables ◽  
N. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Short Scale ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms

Experimental studies by O'Connor (2) and O'Connor and Rawnsley (3) have indicated the value of separating chronic schizophrenics into those who exhibit and those who do not exhibit paranoid symptoms. Other work by O'Connor and Venables (4) and Venables and O'Connor (6) has shown that performance of schizophrenic patients on experimental laboratory tasks may be clarified by dividing them into active or withdrawn groups by means of a rating scale (Venables, 5) in addition to a division on the basis of the presence of paranoid symptoms.

Medication adherence in schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S586-S586
Author(s):  
F. Fatma ◽  
I. Baati ◽  
S. Omri ◽  
R. Sallemi ◽  
J. Masmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma Scale ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

IntroductionCompliance is a major issue in the treatment of schizophrenia. Many studies have attempted to identify factors that influence it.ObjectiveTo assess treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia. To identify factors correlated with poor adherence.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, involving 37 outpatients with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia, followed in the psychiatry department at the Hédi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax (Tunisia). The questionnaire included socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic data. We also used the Medication Adherence Rating Scale “MARS”, the Insight Scale “IS” and the Stigma Scale (9 items).ResultsThe average age was 36.4 years. The majority of patients was male (68.8%), did not exceed the level of secondary education (89.2%) and had a low socioeconomic level (84.4%).Paranoid schizophrenia was the most frequent type of schizophrenia (54.1%). Atypical antipsychotic were prescribed in 40.5% of cases.Patients were non-adherent to treatment in 56.8% of cases. The factors correlated with poor adherence were: psychoactive substance use (P = 0.036), sexual dysfunction (P = 0.036), complexity of treatment (P = 0.036), poor insight according to the subscale “awareness of the need for treatment” of the IS (P = 0.047) and high score on the subscale “discrimination” of the Stigma Scale (P = 0.008).ConclusionTunisian schizophrenic patients have a poor adherence to treatment. Acting on risk factors (such as substance use, sexual side effects, poor insight and discrimination perception) would improve patient compliance and management of schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Pain Sensitivity, Age and Activity Level in Chronic Schizophrenics and in Normals

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (482) ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Glenn Collins ◽  
Leroy A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ward Activity ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Activity Rating

Merskey, Gillis, and Marszalek (1962) reported that in chronic schizophrenic patients reaction to pain was greatest in those patients showing either over-activity or under-activity as measured by a ward activity rating scale. They also reported a significant difference between certain age groups, the oldest and youngest age groups showing the greatest reaction to pain. The authors attributed the difference between age groups to the effects of tranquillizing drugs, since there existed a high correlation between age groups and their dosage of such drugs. It was concluded that ward behaviour in schizophrenics is a poor indicator of their sensitivity to stimulation.

Association between severity of schizophrenic symptoms and urinary retention

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shiloh ◽  
A. Weizman ◽  
P. Dorfman-Etrog ◽  
N. Weizer ◽  
H. Munitz
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
General Medical Condition ◽  
Haloperidol Treatment ◽  
Psychotic Exacerbation

SummaryA case is presented in which severe urinary retention (UR) occurred during an acute psychotic exacerbation of paranoid schizophrenia. The voiding dysfunction was apparent during continuous treatment with unchanged doses of haloperidol, and it completely resolved with the remission of the psychotic symptoms. A clear temporal correlation was evident between the patient’s mental status, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score and the degree of the UR as assessed by quantitatively measuring the total daily postvoiding urine residues. We could not relate the UR to any apparent general medical condition or to the haloperidol treatment. The presented data suggests that UR in schizophrenic patients might be the end-result of various psychosis-related mechanisms.

scholarly journals Social Cognition and Sense of Belonging among Institutionalized Schizophrenic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Fatma N. Kotb
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Healthy Relationships ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Context: Schizophrenia is one of the perilous mental health problems. It hinders the patient’s capability of thinking clearly, making life decisions, managing their emotions, and building healthy relationships. Aim: This study aimed to explore the relationship between social cognition and sense of belonging among institutionalized schizophrenic patients. Methods: The study used a descriptive research design to achieve the aim of this study. This research carried out in the inpatient unit of Minia Hospital for Mental Health and Addiction Treatment. A convenient sample of 100 institutionalized schizophrenic patients recruited in the current study. Three tools used to collect data of this study include socio-demographic and medical data questionnaire, Observable Social Cognition Rating Scale, and Sense of Belonging scale. Results: The main findings of this study revealed that more than three fourth of schizophrenic patients had low levels of social cognition, and sense of belonging. There was a significant positive relationship between social cognition and sense of belonging of institutionalized schizophrenic patients. Conclusion: The current study concluded that institutionalized schizophrenic patients have a positive connection between their social cognition and a sense of belonging. Recommendations: The study recommended that, schizophrenic patient in a very high need for psycho-educational program for improving their cognitive abilities, which will improve their social cognition and interaction with others and enhance their sense of belonging.

Psychological Changes in Chronic Schizophrenics Following Differential Activity Programmes: A Repeat Study

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (465) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Control Situation ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Activity Therapy

The present investigation was carried out in order to check on the reliability of the findings reported in a previous publication by Hamilton and Salmon (1962). In this first experiment objective assessments were made of the effects on male chronic schizophrenic patients of three activity programmes: Industrial Workshop Therapy, Occupational Therapy and a control situation in which patients did not receive any specific activity therapy. The effects of these therapeutic approaches were assessed in terms of test scores and ratings, as well as output and earnings for those patients receiving Workshop Therapy. For patients undergoing Workshop Therapy a separate assessment was made of the effects of payment by result compared with flat-rate payment, and of co-operative work compared with working as individuals. The major findings of this study were that Industrial Workshop Therapy led to greater improvement than Occupational Therapy, that the greatest changes in behaviour occurred while patients were working individually and receiving a weekly flat-rate payment, that the behavioural changes in the Workshop group continued in the second, piecework, phase of the investigation, that piecework payments did not result in greater output than flat-rate payment, and that patients working in small teams compared with patients working as individuals, both under piecework conditions, showed greater all-round improvement on the indices used to measure it.

Experimental Studies of the Mental Speed of Schizophrenics

1958 ◽  
Vol 104 (437) ◽  
pp. 1123-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Broadhurst
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

It has been clinically observed that psychiatric patients in general (6, 11) and schizophrenic patients in particular (1, 4) show abnormalities of mental speed, being “retarded” or slower than normals on many measures. Confirmatory evidence on this point is to be found but much of the early work on speed of schizophrenic reactivity used measures of speed of motor performance (12, 13) or of reaction time under various conditions (6), ignoring more fundamental slowness of thought processes. The present studies are concentrated on the recent finding that schizophrenics show abnormally slow mental speed measured in a problem-solving situation (4, 18, 19). The aim of the investigation was to discover the exact conditions under which this abnormality appears, and, thence, by manipulating the experimental conditions, to be able to bring speed of mental functioning under experimental control. This paper describes the attempt to bring speed under control by means of drugs. A second paper (2) deals with the effect of practice upon mental speed.

Theory of mind impairments in schizophrenia: symptomatology, severity and specificity

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAHAM J. PICKUP ◽  
CHRISTOPHER D. FRITH
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms ◽  
Low Iq

Background. Several studies have examined the ability of schizophrenic patients to represent mental states (‘theory of mind'; ToM). There is consensus that some patients have impaired ToM, but there is disagreement about the relation between ToM and symptomatology, and about the severity and specificity of the deficit.Methods. Two first-order and one second-order false belief tests of ToM were given to groups of schizophrenic patients and psychiatric and normal controls. The relation between ToM and symptomatology was explored using regression and symptom subgroup analyses. Severity was investigated by using the same task methodology as in autism research, to enable direct comparison with that disorder. Specificity was investigated using matched control tasks which were as difficult as the ToM tasks, but did not require ToM.Results. Symptom subgroup analysis showed that schizophrenic patients with behavioural signs were impaired relative to controls on ToM, and that remitted patients and a single case with passivity symptoms performed as well as controls. Regression analysis showed that ratings of behavioural signs predicted impaired ToM in schizophrenia. There was weak evidence that a subgroup with paranoid symptoms had ToM impairments, although these were associated with low IQ. Schizophrenic patients only showed ToM deficits on the second-order task. No impairments appeared on the matched control tasks which did not require ToM.Conclusions. There is a clear association between ToM impairment and behavioural signs in schizophrenia. Deficits in paranoid patients are harder to detect with current tasks and may be compensated for by IQ-dependent problem-solving skills. ToM impairments in schizophrenia are less severe than in autism, but are specific and not a reflection of general cognitive deficits.

scholarly journals Zonisamide Administration Improves Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Parkinson’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichi Ueno ◽  
Shinji Saiki ◽  
Motoki Fujimaki ◽  
Haruka Takeshige-Amano ◽  
Taku Hatano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry

Although many experimental studies have shown the favorable effects of zonisamide on mitochondria using models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the influence of zonisamide on metabolism in PD patients remains unclear. To assess metabolic status under zonisamide treatment in PD, we performed a pilot study using a comprehensive metabolome analysis. Plasma samples were collected for at least one year from 30 patients with PD: 10 without zonisamide medication and 20 with zonisamide medication. We performed comprehensive metabolome analyses of plasma with capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We also measured disease severity using Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor section, and analyzed blood chemistry. In PD with zonisamide treatment, 15 long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) tended to be increased, of which four (AC(12:0), AC(12:1)-1, AC(16:1), and AC(16:2)) showed statistical significance. Of these, two LCACs (AC(16:1) and AC(16:2)) were also identified by partial least squares analysis. There was no association of any LCAC with age, disease severity, levodopa daily dose, or levodopa equivalent dose. Because an upregulation of LCACs implies improvement of mitochondrial β-oxidation, zonisamide might be beneficial for mitochondrial β-oxidation, which is suppressed in PD.

Treatment of drug-resistant chronic schizophrenics with an association of neuroleptics and the calcium antagonist nimodipine

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Brambilla ◽  
GL Gessa ◽  
A Sciascia ◽  
A Latina ◽  
M Maggioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Plasma Mhpg

SummaryNimodipine was administered at the daily dose of 90 mg po, for 30 days, to ten chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics, eight men and two women, aged 31-35 years, maintained on previously longlasting neuroleptic treatments. In five patients, a placebo period of 15 days preceded the administration of the drug. Monitoring of psychiatric symptomatology by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) revealed significant nimodipine-induced improvement. However, the Andreasen Rating Scale for Positive Symptoms (SAPS) showed favourable effects only in the five patients who had not received placebo, while in the others both SAPS and the Andreasen Rating Scale for Negative Symptoms (SANS) showed no significant effect of therapy. The Tardive Dyskinesia Scale revealed no improvements of neurological symptoms after either placebo or drug treatment. Measurement of plasma MHPG concentrations revealed no significant changes induced by either placebo or nimodipine, while HVA plasma levels showed a trend toward decrease, and prolactin a trend toward increase, after nimodipine.

Subjective quality of life in schizophrenic patients living in the community. Relationship to clinical and social characteristics

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bengtsson-Tops ◽  
L. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SummaryThe aims of this study were to assess the quality of life among 120 schizophrenic patients who were attending a psychiatric outpatient department and to investigate which socio-demographic and clinical factors influenced their subjective quality of life. Quality of life was assessed by the Lanchashire quality of life profile, social functioning was judged according to the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, and psychopathology was rated by means of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Both objective and subjective life conditions indicated an impaired quality of life for the patients. The areas of finance and work had the largest proportion of dissatisfied patients. Socio-demographic indicators showed to have a weak influence on the patient's self-assessed quality of life while clinical factors, such as psychopathology, strongly influenced the patient's life satisfaction. It is concluded that there is a need for further emphasise on the clinical, financial, and social interventions for this group of patients.

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