Incidence of Dementia in a Representative British Sample

In a four-year follow-up study of 1042 elderly people (aged 65 years or older), randomly sampled from the community, levels of dementia were assessed using a two-phase case-finding procedure (screening followed by clinical interview) among survivors. Clinical information on those not reinterviewed was provided by death certificates, hospital case notes, or postal questionnaires. The weighted four-year cumulative incidence of dementia was 3.7% (95% confidence intervals: 2.4%-5.0%), with age-specific rates of 0.9%, 2.8%, 5.2%, 9.0%, and 8.7% for the age groups 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, and 85–89 years respectively. While consistent with data from other British regions, it remains likely that these rates underestimate true incidence.

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An Evaluation of Survival of Space Maintainers: A Six-year Follow-up Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-6-1-74 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 74-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ozlem Tulunoglu ◽

Tezer Ulusu ◽

Yasemin Genç

Keyword(s):

Survival Time ◽

Success Rate ◽

Median Survival ◽

Median Survival Time ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Different Types ◽

Lost To Follow Up

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the median survival time of fixed and removable space maintainers related to age groups, gender, and their distribution in upper and lower dental arches. The adherence of patients to a periodic recall program and the success rate of different types of space maintainers related to different arches were also evaluated. This study included 663 patients aged between 4-15 years old that were treated between the years of 1997 and 2002. The patients were categorized into four main groups: lost to follow-up, failed, successful, and censored at the end of study. Three hundred forty-five space maintainers were considered lost to follow-up, 83 were considered failed, 206 successful, and 20 censored-at-end. The overall median survival time of the appliances was 6.51 months. Median survival time was 7.25 months in the 4-6 age group, 6.35 months in the 7-12 age group, and 7.0 months in the 13+ age groups. Median survival time was 5.76 months in girls and 7.11 months in boys. Median survival time of space maintainers was 7.17 months for maxilla and 6.69 months in the mandible. Median survival time was 5.25 months for space maintainers fabricated in both arches. Citation Tulunoglu Ö, Ulusu T, Genç Y. An Evaluation of Survival of Space Maintainers: A Six-year Follow-up Study J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:074-084.

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Evaluation of intra-uterine contraception in selected mission hospitals in India

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000009251 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 377-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Sadashivaiah ◽

M. S. Subba Rao

Keyword(s):

Post Partum ◽

Age Groups ◽

Fertility Control ◽

Control Programme ◽

Age Group ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

The Difference ◽

Living Children ◽

Two Age Groups

SummaryIntra-uterine contraception is a useful method of fertility control, because of its applicability at all levels of socio-economic development and it has been the mainstay of the fertility control programme in many countries.The present evaluation is based on the hospital follow-up records of 4067 IUD cases from randomly selected mission hospitals for the years 1967 and 1968. Of the insertions, 97·7% were non-post-partum, and 60% of the acceptors were from the age group 25–34 years with a median age of 29·8 years; nearly 70% had fewer than four living children. The pattern of distribution by religion is similar to that of the 1961 census figures.The average number of women months (6·7) of IUD use is very low in a follow-up study of 24 months but is more or less consistent, both by age and parity.The incidence of expulsion, removal and pregnancy was 8·2, 12·9 and 0·6 respectively for all ages and although these rates were higher with the 27½-mm loop than the 30-mm loop the differences are not statistically significant.The rates of expulsion, removals and complaints were greatest during the first 6 months of use and decreased gradually with increase in duration of use.Bleeding, or other symptoms associated with bleeding, were the main reasons for the removals.Incidence of re-insertion was higher among those aged <25 years than among those aged ≥25 years and the difference in the proportion of re-insertions between the two age groups is statistically significant.The size of the loop seems to have no bearing on the incidence of re-insertions.Total termination rates at the end of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were 9·9, 15·2, 25·0 and 55·9 per 100 first insertions respectively.

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Visual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (InFoR)

Molecular Autism ◽

10.1186/s13229-021-00474-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anouck Amestoy ◽

Etienne Guillaud ◽

Giulia Bucchioni ◽

Tiziana Zalla ◽

Daniel Umbricht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Control ◽

Time Course ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Age Groups ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Small Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

Attention Switching ◽

Follow Up Study

Abstract Background Inhibitory control and attention processing atypicalities are implicated in various diseases, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These cognitive functions can be tested by using visually guided saccade-based paradigms in children, adolescents and adults to determine the time course of such disorders. Methods In this study, using Gap, Step, Overlap and Antisaccade tasks, we analyzed the oculomotor behavior of 82 children, teenagers and adults with high functioning ASD and their peer typically developing (TD) controls in a two-year follow-up study under the auspices of the InFoR-Autism project. Analysis of correlations between oculomotors task measurements and diagnostic assessment of attentional (ADHD-RS and ADHD comorbidity indices) and executive functioning (BRIEF scales) were conducted in order to evaluate their relationship with the oculomotor performance of participants with ASD. Results As indicated by the presence of a Gap and Overlap effects in all age groups, the oculomotor performances of ASD participants showed a preserved capability in overt attention switching. In contrast, the difference in performances of ASD participants in the Antisaccade task, compared to their TD peers, indicated an atypical development of inhibition and executive functions. From correlation analysis between our oculomotor data and ADHD comorbidity index, and scores of attention and executive function difficulties, our findings support the hypothesis that a specific dysfunction of inhibition skills occurs in ASD participants that is independent of the presence of ADHD comorbidity. Limitations These include the relatively small sample size of the ASD group over the study’s two-year period, the absence of an ADHD-only control group and the evaluation of a TD control group solely at the study’s inception. Conclusions Children and teenagers with ASD have greater difficulty in attention switching and inhibiting prepotent stimuli. Adults with ASD can overcome these difficulties, but, similar to teenagers and children with ASD, they make more erroneous and anticipatory saccades and display a greater trial-to-trial variability in all oculomotor tasks compared to their peers. Our results are indicative of a developmental delay in the maturation of executive and attentional functioning in ASD and of a specific impairment in inhibitory control.

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P1011Electrophysiological trends in Wolff-Parkinson-White patients: a 33 years follow-up study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0603 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

F Fioravanti ◽

R Fenici ◽

A R Sorbo ◽

D Brisinda

Keyword(s):

Watchful Waiting ◽

Atrioventricular Node ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Atrial Pacing ◽

Moderate Risk ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Abstract Background The Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome can be associated with sudden cardiac death, therefore risk assessment (RA) with electrophysiological (EP) testing (EPT) is mandatory to identify patients (pts) requiring catheter ablation (CAb). Our retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the variability of EP parameters during follow-up of WPW pts and the reliability of trans-esophageal EPT (TEEPT) for RA, evaluation of treatment efficacy, and EP follow-up of untreated athletes/pts. Method Data of 335 WPW pts, studied with TEEPT between 1985 and 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Anterograde effective refractory period (ERP) of accessory pathways (AP) and of the atrioventricular node, Wenckebach point, shortest preexcited RR intervals (SPERRI) during atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or atrial pacing (At-P) and inducibility of supraventricular arrhythmias were assessed, at rest (supine and standing) and during effort. An AP was defined at high arrhythmogenic risk (HAR) if the anterograde AP-ERP and/or SPERRI (in AF or At-P) were ≤240 ms at rest or ≤200 ms during effort test. All patients were followed-up as outpatients or telephonically, as clinically required. 195 pts (17% female) were included, having exhaustive clinical information, two or more TEEPT and exhaustive clinical follow-up until late 2018. Time-evolution of EP parameters was evaluated, using parametric and non-parametric tests, as appropriate. Results and discussion Median age at first TEEPT was 20 years (IQR 16–29 years). Median follow- up was 44.3 months (IQR 16.4–122.9 months). Two pts (both identified at HAR and scheduled for surgery when ablation was unavailable) died suddenly, at rest. No other serious arrhythmic complication occurred, during the FU. Out of 19 pts (9.7% - Group A) showing enhanced AP conductivity at follow-up (mean ERP/SPERRI shortening: 30.8 ms, range 10–80 ms), 4 pts were found at HAR and underwent CAb. 176 pts (90.3% – Group B) showed a stable or impaired (25% under pharmacological treatment) AP conductivity during the follow-up. Their mean ERP/SPERRI increase was 39.7 ms (range 0–130 ms). Group A pts were significantly younger (20 vs 28 years old; 88% of Group A pts were <30 years old) and more frequently male (94.1% vs 80.6%). A non-significant trend toward Group A was found for antero-septal APs (35% Group A vs 15.4% Group B). Conclusions TEEPT is a safe, non-invasive tool to stratify arrhythmogenic risk of WPW pts. Our data suggest that a watchful waiting is safe for low to moderate risk pts. Younger males with an antero-septal Kent bundle may deserve a more intensive EP follow-up. Aggressive therapy should be considered as mandatory only for symptomatic HAR pts, taking into account complications, risk/benefit ratio and pts' preferences. In other cases, medical therapy and watchful observation could be applied safely under periodical TEEPT, as appropriate.

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Dementia and ‘borderline dementia’ in Britain: 8-year incidence and post-screening outcomes

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700037855 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 829-835 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. Clarke ◽

K. Morgan ◽

J. Lilley ◽

T. Arie ◽

R. Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Representative Sample ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Cognitively Impaired ◽

Death Certificates ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Orientation Scale ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Age And Sex

SynopsisSurvivors from a nationally representative sample of elderly people originally screened in 1985 were reassessed in 1989 and again in 1993. On each occasion respondents were rated as cognitively impaired, borderline impaired or unimpaired (using a brief information/orientation scale), with the validity of these ratings assessed in subsequent clinical interviews. Where follow-up screening was not possible, information was derived from death certificates and hospital case-notes. Over 8 years (1985–93) the overall incidence rate per person–year at risk was 1·58%, giving age-specific rates of 0·72, 1·32, 1·63, 3·46, 2·55 and 1·41% for the age groups 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, 85–89 and ≥ 90 respectively. Of 43 individuals classified at screening as borderline impaired in 1985 and 1989, 19 were diagnosed as demented at clinical interviews conducted within 16 weeks of screening. Four-year follow-ups among the remaining 24 showed that 15 had died, while 6 showed a worsened cognitive status. Controlling for both age and sex, aggregated 4-year mortality was significantly higher among those defined at screening in 1985 and 1989 as either impaired or borderline, when compared with the unimpaired.

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Literacy in English Gypsy Communities: Cultural Capital Manifested as Negative Assets

American Educational Research Journal ◽

10.3102/0002831206298174 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 5-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Martin P. Levinson

Keyword(s):

Cultural Capital ◽

Group Membership ◽

Age Groups ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

Low Literacy ◽

New Literacy ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Ethnographic Studies

The attribution of low literacy levels among Gypsy children to difficulties of access to schools neglects underlying sociocultural explanations. There has been little analysis in reports/studies of Gypsy attitudes toward literacy, nor of outcomes of acquisition. Informed by new literacy theory and by the discourse of previous ethnographic studies, and by acculturation theories, this article draws on findings from an ethnographic study of English Gypsies (1996–2000), and data from a follow-up study, involving original and additional participants (2005–2006). The article explores attitudes across age groups, highlighting social reasons for resistance to literacy, and argues that policy makers should consider effects on group membership and ways in which formal literacy can constitute a mechanism for disempowerment.

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Post-chikungunya chronic inflammatory rheumatism: results from a retrospective follow-up study of 283 adult and child cases in La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.8235.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 360 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales ◽

Andrés F. Gil-Restrepo ◽

Valeria Ramírez-Jaramillo ◽

Cindy P. Montoya-Arias ◽

Wilmer F. Acevedo-Mendoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Morning Stiffness ◽

Age Groups ◽

Medical Attention ◽

La Réunion ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

And Gender

Objective: There are limited studies in Latin America regarding the chronic consequences of the Chikungunya virus (CHIK), such as post-CHIK chronic inflammatory rheumatism (pCHIK-CIR). We assessed the largest cohort so far of pCHIK-CIR in Latin America, at the municipality of La Virginia, Risaralda, a new endemic area of CHIK in Colombia.Methods: We conducted a cohort retrospective study in Colombia of 283 patients diagnosed with CHIK that persisted with pCHIK-CIR after a minimum of 6 weeks and up to a maximum of 26.1 weeks. pCHIK cases were identified according to validated criteria via telephone.Results: Of the total CHIK-infected subjects, 152 (53.7%) reported persistent rheumatological symptoms (pCHIK-CIR). All of these patients reported joint pains (chronic polyarthralgia, pCHIK-CPA), 49.5% morning stiffness, 40.6% joint edema, and 16.6% joint redness. Of all patients, 19.4% required and attended for care prior to the current study assessment (1.4% consulting rheumatologists). Significant differences in the frequency were observed according to age groups and gender. Patients aged >40 years old required more medical attention (39.5%) than those ≤40 years-old (12.1%) (RR=4.748, 95%CI 2.550-8.840).Conclusions: According to our results, at least half of the patients with CHIK developed chronic rheumatologic sequelae, and from those with pCHIK-CPA, nearly half presented clinical symptoms consistent with inflammatory forms of the disease. These results support previous estimates obtained from pooled data of studies in La Reunion (France) and India and are consistent with the results published previously from other Colombian cohorts in Venadillo (Tolima) and Since (Sucre).

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The Influence of Context on Story Recall and Feelings of Comprehension

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/016502548000300203 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 159-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. L. Harris ◽

F. Mandias ◽

M. Meerum Terwogt ◽

J. Tjintjelaar

Keyword(s):

Prior Information ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Story Recall ◽

Follow Up Study

Children of 8 and 10 years read stories either with or without prior information regarding the setting of the story. For both age groups, the provision of setting information aided recall. Moreover, a significant majority of each age group claimed that they had found it easier to understand the story with setting information provided as compared to the story without. A follow-up study lent validity to these introspections. The provision of setting information facilitates recall by improving comprehension rather than retrieval alone: when setting information was provided after comprehension but prior to recall, no improvement in recall was obtained.

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