Evaluation of intra-uterine contraception in selected mission hospitals in India

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sadashivaiah ◽  
M. S. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Living Children ◽  
Two Age Groups

SummaryIntra-uterine contraception is a useful method of fertility control, because of its applicability at all levels of socio-economic development and it has been the mainstay of the fertility control programme in many countries.The present evaluation is based on the hospital follow-up records of 4067 IUD cases from randomly selected mission hospitals for the years 1967 and 1968. Of the insertions, 97·7% were non-post-partum, and 60% of the acceptors were from the age group 25–34 years with a median age of 29·8 years; nearly 70% had fewer than four living children. The pattern of distribution by religion is similar to that of the 1961 census figures.The average number of women months (6·7) of IUD use is very low in a follow-up study of 24 months but is more or less consistent, both by age and parity.The incidence of expulsion, removal and pregnancy was 8·2, 12·9 and 0·6 respectively for all ages and although these rates were higher with the 27½-mm loop than the 30-mm loop the differences are not statistically significant.The rates of expulsion, removals and complaints were greatest during the first 6 months of use and decreased gradually with increase in duration of use.Bleeding, or other symptoms associated with bleeding, were the main reasons for the removals.Incidence of re-insertion was higher among those aged <25 years than among those aged ≥25 years and the difference in the proportion of re-insertions between the two age groups is statistically significant.The size of the loop seems to have no bearing on the incidence of re-insertions.Total termination rates at the end of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were 9·9, 15·2, 25·0 and 55·9 per 100 first insertions respectively.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Survival of Space Maintainers: A Six-year Follow-up Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Tulunoglu ◽  
Tezer Ulusu ◽  
Yasemin Genç
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the median survival time of fixed and removable space maintainers related to age groups, gender, and their distribution in upper and lower dental arches. The adherence of patients to a periodic recall program and the success rate of different types of space maintainers related to different arches were also evaluated. This study included 663 patients aged between 4-15 years old that were treated between the years of 1997 and 2002. The patients were categorized into four main groups: lost to follow-up, failed, successful, and censored at the end of study. Three hundred forty-five space maintainers were considered lost to follow-up, 83 were considered failed, 206 successful, and 20 censored-at-end. The overall median survival time of the appliances was 6.51 months. Median survival time was 7.25 months in the 4-6 age group, 6.35 months in the 7-12 age group, and 7.0 months in the 13+ age groups. Median survival time was 5.76 months in girls and 7.11 months in boys. Median survival time of space maintainers was 7.17 months for maxilla and 6.69 months in the mandible. Median survival time was 5.25 months for space maintainers fabricated in both arches. Citation Tulunoglu Ö, Ulusu T, Genç Y. An Evaluation of Survival of Space Maintainers: A Six-year Follow-up Study J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:074-084.

scholarly journals The Older, the More Forgiving? Characteristics of Forgiveness of Chinese Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjin Tao ◽  
Tingting Zhu ◽  
Yanglu Min ◽  
Mingxia Ji
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Category ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Age Groups

This study explores the characteristics of forgiveness in the aging cohorts, which is regarded to be associated with healthy outcomes. Data were drawn from a sample of 308 older adults (aged from 60 to 98 years) who completed the forgiveness questionnaire: forgiving others of The Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) to examine explicit forgiveness, and among the participants, 44 older adults were administrated on the variant single category of implicit association test (SC-IAT) to examine the implicit forgiveness. The results revealed that (1) there is no correlation between explicit forgiveness and implicit forgiveness of older adults. (2) The result of explicit forgiveness is relatively high while that of implicit forgiveness is relatively low. (3) There was no significant correlation between explicit forgiveness and age, but there was significant difference between age groups, as forgiveness tendency of the elderly had a trough in the age group of 70–79 and then rebounded. (4) Implicit forgiveness was significantly correlated with age, and the difference between age groups was marginal. The forgiveness tendency of the elderly over 80 years old was significantly higher than that of the other two age groups. (5) Gender differences are found in both explicit and implicit forgiveness. The findings indicated that (1) explicit and implicit measures in this study have assessed independent and complementary aspects of forgiveness tendency in older adults. (2) Implicit forgiveness falls behind explicit forgiveness, and true internal forgiveness is difficult and rare in older adults according to data analysis. (3) The trend of explicit forgiveness with age is not obvious, because explicit forgiveness in the middle old age group presents an inflection point. However, implicit forgiveness increases slowly with age. (4) Women excel men in scores obtained with both explicit and implicit measures for forgiveness.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Metode Third Molar Maturity Index pada Kelompok Usia Remaja

e-GIGI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoghi B. Prabowo ◽  
Haliza Ermanto ◽  
Tira H. Skripsa ◽  
Edward K. S. Limijadi ◽  
Rizky M. Boedi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Dental Age Estimation ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract: Up to now, there are still residents of Indonesia who do not have legal documents supporting age information. Hence, proving the age of a person concerning some reasons becomes difficult. Third molar development could be used as an indicator to estimate the age in adolescents if legal documents are not available. This study was aimed to prove the difference in the development of third molars between individuals aged above and below 19 years using the third molar maturity index (I3M) method. Third molar development calculations were performed on 112 digital OPG photographs (71 females and 41 males) of patients aged 16- <24 years. Samples were divided into two age groups, namely <19 years and ≥19 years. We performed comparison tests to analyze the differences between groups and genders against I3M. The results showed significant differences between the development of third molars in individuals aged above and below 19 years according to I3M values. Meanwhile, there was no significant differences in I3M values between males and females. Males experienced faster third molar development than females in the age group <19 years. In conclusion, the I3M method can be used to differentiate the development of third molars in individuals aged above and below 19 years. Further research could be carried out by using a larger number of samples and setting a threshold of I3M for the age of 19 among Indonesian population.Keywords: dental age estimation, third molar, I3M method Abstrak: Pada saat ini, masih ada penduduk Indonesia yang tidak memiliki dokumen legal pendukung informasi usia sehingga terdapat kesulitan dalam membuktikan usia seseorang untuk berbagai kebutuhan. Pertumbuhan molar ketiga dapat digunakan sebagai indikator untuk melakukan estimasi usia pada remaja bila dokumen legal tidak tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan perbedaan pertumbuhan molar ketiga pada individu berusia di atas dan di bawah 19 tahun dengan metode third molar maturity index (I3M). Perhitungan pertumbuhan molar ketiga dilakukan pada 112 foto OPG digital (71 wanita dan 41 pria) dari pasien berusia 16- <24 tahun. Sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelompok usia, yaitu <19 tahun dan ≥19 tahun. Uji beda dilakukan untuk menganalisis perbedaan antar kelompok dan jenis kelamin terhadap I3M. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara pertumbuhan molar ketiga pada individu berusia di atas dan di bawah 19 tahun. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada nilai I3M pada pria dan wanita. Pria ditemukan mengalami pertumbuhan molar ketiga yang lebih cepat dari wanita pada kelompok usia <19 tahun. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah metode I3M dapat digunakan untuk membedakan pertumbuhan molar ketiga pada individu berusia di atas dan di bawah 19 tahun. Disarankan penelitian lanjut dengan menggunakan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan dilakukan penetapan batas ambang I3M untuk usia 19 tahun pada populasi Indonesia.Kata kunci: estimasi usia dental, molar ketiga, metode I3M

The Influence of Context on Story Recall and Feelings of Comprehension

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Harris ◽  
F. Mandias ◽  
M. Meerum Terwogt ◽  
J. Tjintjelaar
Keyword(s):  
Prior Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Story Recall ◽  
Follow Up Study

Children of 8 and 10 years read stories either with or without prior information regarding the setting of the story. For both age groups, the provision of setting information aided recall. Moreover, a significant majority of each age group claimed that they had found it easier to understand the story with setting information provided as compared to the story without. A follow-up study lent validity to these introspections. The provision of setting information facilitates recall by improving comprehension rather than retrieval alone: when setting information was provided after comprehension but prior to recall, no improvement in recall was obtained.

The stability of sense of coherence: comparing two age groups in a 5-year follow-up study

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1151-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taru Feldt ◽  
Esko Leskinen ◽  
Ulla Kinnunen ◽  
Isto Ruoppila
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Two Age Groups

Male sterilization in Thailand: a follow-up study

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Burnight ◽  
Verasing Muangmun ◽  
Michael J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living Children ◽  
Demographic Impact ◽  
Male Sterilization ◽  
Permanent Method

SummaryA retrospective study of 185 Thai males who had been vasectomized at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, between January 1970 and March 1973 was conducted during the period May–July 1973. At the time of the vasectomy the mean age of the men was 33·5 years and the mean age of their wives was 29·9 years; they had a mean of 3·7 living children. The motivation for seeking a permanent method of fertility control was a combination of adverse economic pressures, a degree of rationality in family building, and worry over additional pregnancies. Only a few of the men experienced any medical complications as a result of the operation, and the most significant factor associated with health was fatigue. Few changes in mental health, social relationships, or personal habits occurred as a result of the operation. Post-vasectomy changes in sexual relations were found to be minimal; if occurring at all, such changes were usually improvements. Taking into consideration the age of husband and wife, duration of marriage, and number of living children, the demographic impact of vasectomies in Thailand seems to be greater than that in other developing countries where comparisons can be made.

scholarly journals Investigation of the femoral inclination and Alsberg angles according to age and gender in adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Seda SERTEL MEYVACI ◽  
Yasin Emre KAYA
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Objectives: The objective of our study was to examine the changes in the inclination and Alsberg angles of the femur in terms of age and gender. Methods: The present study was conducted on X-Ray images of 208 healthy individuals (103 males and 105 females) admitted to Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinics. Both genders were separated into 3 different age groups. Statistical analyses were made to determine the difference between the gender and age groups. Results: The mean inclination angle of the femur was 132.88±7.08º on the right-side and 130.27±7.81º on the left. The mean Alsberg angle of the femur was 42.07±7.04º on the right-side and 41.43±7.03º on the left. The inclination angle was significantly higher in males than females on both sides and was significantly lower in 41–60 age group. The Alsberg angle was also significantly higher in males than females in 21–40 age group. Conclusion: The Alsberg angle is positively related with inclination angle, and subject to change by age. Knowing how IA and AA will be affected by age and gender and knowing the relation between these two angles will help to take a more accurate approach while evaluating and managing the follow up of a patient undergoing total hip arthroplasty, reconstructive surgery or planning physical theraphy.

scholarly journals Tower Running—Participation, Performance Trends, and Sex Difference

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stark ◽  
Stefania Di Gangi ◽  
Caio Victor Sousa ◽  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
The Difference

Though there are exhaustive data about participation, performance trends, and sex differences in performance in different running disciplines and races, no study has analyzed these trends in stair climbing and tower running. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate these trends in tower running. The data, consisting of 28,203 observations from 24,007 climbers between 2014 and 2019, were analyzed. The effects of sex and age, together with the tower characteristics (i.e., stairs and floors), were examined through a multivariable statistical model with random effects on intercept, at climber’s level, accounting for repeated measurements. Men were faster than women in each age group (p < 0.001 for ages ≤69 years, p = 0.003 for ages > 69 years), and the difference in performance stayed around 0.20 km/h, with a minimum of 0.17 at the oldest age. However, women were able to outperform men in specific situations: (i) in smaller buildings (<600 stairs), for ages between 30 and 59 years and >69 years; (ii) in higher buildings (>2200 stairs), for age groups <20 years and 60–69 years; and (iii) in buildings with 1600–2200 stairs, for ages >69 years. In summary, men were faster than women in this specific running discipline; however, women were able to outperform men in very specific situations (i.e., specific age groups and specific numbers of stairs).

scholarly journals Age and sex variation in visceral adipose tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Pallavi Panchu ◽  
Biju Bahuleyan ◽  
Rose Babu ◽  
Vineetha Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Pattern

Background: Adipose tissue mainly visceral fat is said to be harmful and acts as a harbinger of metabolic disorders. A changing trend is seen in the recent decades with decreasing incidence of metabolic disorders in men even though visceral fat is said to be higher in them. Sex hormones may influence the deposition pattern of adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to observe effects of age on visceral fat and to know if the difference in gender pattern of fat distribution is maintained throughout life or disappears after menopause.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Thrissur on 385 apparently healthy subjects using Omron body composition analyser. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.0 version. The tests employed were NOVA, independent samples t-test.Results: In each age group, men had significantly higher visceral fat than females. As age increased, visceral fat increased significantly in both genders. In each group, except for younger age groups, VF levels were equal in men and women.Conclusions: Visceral fat is higher in men and this difference is seen in all age groups. As age increases, visceral fat levels also increased in men and women. The distribution of visceral fat is such that a greater number of men have high to very high levels at a younger age group, a feature observed in women only in the peri and post-menopausal age. Adoption of an active lifestyle coupled with healthy diet should protect against onset of metabolic disorders.

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