scholarly journals Economic impact of personality disorders in UK primary care attenders

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Rendu ◽  
Paul Moran ◽  
Anita Patel ◽  
Martin Knapp ◽  
Anthony Mann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cohort Study Design ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundThe economic impact of personality disorders on UK health services is unknown.AimsTo test the hypothesis that people with personality disorders have higher mean health and non-health costs compared with those without personality disorders.MethodProspective cohort study design. A total of 303 general practice attenders were followed-up 1 year after they had been assessed for the presence of personality disorders. Costs were estimated in £ sterling at 1999 price levels.ResultsThe mean total cost for patients with personality disorders was £3094 (s.d.=5324) compared with £1633 (s.d.=3779) for those without personality disorders. Personality disorders were not independently associated with increased costs. Multivariate analyses identified the presence of a significant interaction between personality disorders and common mental disorders and increased total costs (coefficient=499, 95% CI 180.1-626.2, P=0.002).ConclusionsPersonality disorders are not independently associated with increased costs. An interaction between personality disorders and common mental disorders significantly predicts increased total costs.

scholarly journals A metastructural model of mental disorders and pathological personality traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2309-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. C. Wright ◽  
L. J. Simms
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits ◽  
Related Personality

BackgroundPsychiatric co-morbidity is extensive in both psychiatric settings and the general population. Such co-morbidity challenges whether DSM-based mental disorders serve to effectively carve nature at its joints. In response, a substantial literature has emerged showing that a small number of broad dimensions – internalizing, externalizing and psychoticism – can account for much of the observed covariation among common mental disorders. However, the location of personality disorders within this emerging metastructure has only recently been studied, and no studies have yet examined where pathological personality traits fit within such a broad metastructural framework.MethodWe conducted joint structural analyses of common mental disorders, personality disorders and pathological personality traits in a sample of 628 current or recent psychiatric out-patients.ResultsBridging across the psychopathology and personality trait literatures, the results provide evidence for a robust five-factor metastructure of psychopathology, including broad domains of symptoms and features related to internalizing, disinhibition, psychoticism, antagonism and detachment.ConclusionsThese results reveal evidence for a psychopathology metastructure that (a) parsimoniously accounts for much of the observed covariation among common mental disorders, personality disorders and related personality traits, and (b) provides an empirical basis for the organization and classification of mental disorder.

Comparison of Separation Patterns between Parents and Offspring in Psychiatric and Nonclinical Families

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Szymon Chrzastowski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Family Groups

This study examined the specific separation patterns of binding and expelling in families with young adults. 103 families were divided into three groups according to the ICD–10 diagnosis of offspring (18-35 years old): (1) schizophrenia ( ns = 32 mothers and 30 fathers), (2) personality disorders ( ns = 34 mothers and 30 fathers), (3) control, nonclinical group ( ns=34 mothers and 32 fathers). The participants (mothers and fathers) independently completed the Relational Individuation Questionnaire designed for this study. Despite expectations, there was no statistical significance found between the mean scores of the parents' binding of offspring diagnosed with schizophrenia or personality disorders or from the nonclinical families. There was, however, a difference in the intensity of the mothers' expelling ( F2,97 = 10.90, p< .0001) and of the fathers' expelling ( F2,89 = 5.96, p<.005) from different family groups. The parents of offspring from clinical families expelled their offspring more intensively than parents from nonclinical families. The correlation between expelling by mothers and expelling by fathers in all families was positive. These results suggest that expelling may be a strategy used by parents with children with serious mental disorders when these children reach young adulthood.

What Psychiatrists Do Not Know About Psychotherapy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Paris
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Common Problems

Psychiatrists usually make an effort to keep current on the latest developments in psychopharmacology. However, many (if not most) know little about psychotherapy research. Yet the evidence is very strong that talking therapies are highly effective. In common mental disorders, psychotherapy usually yields equivalent results to medication and, in many cases, provides unique “added value” that drug treatment cannot offer. Its value is firmly established in the most common problems that psychiatrists treat—anxiety disorders, mild to moderate major depression, substance abuse, and personality disorders. It is also not widely known that psychotherapy need not be lengthy but, rather, can be conducted effectively with a time frame of a few months. A vast body of research shows that therapy lasting 3–6 months helps most patients; there is almost no evidence supporting longer courses of treatment.

scholarly journals A Metastructural Model of Mental Disorders and Pathological Personality Traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Leonard Simms
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits ◽  
Related Personality

Background: Psychiatric comorbidity is extensive in both psychiatric settings and the general population. Such comorbidity challenges whether DSM-based mental disorders serve to effectively carve nature at its joints. In response, a substantial literature has emerged showing that a small number of broad dimensions—internalizing, externalizing, and psychoticism—can account for much of the observed covariation among common mental disorders. However, the location of personality disorders within this emerging metastructure has only recently been studied, and no studies have yet examined where pathological personality traits fit within such a broad metastructural framework.Methods: We conducted joint structural analyses of common mental disorders, personality disorders, and pathological personality traits in a sample of 628 current or recent psychiatric outpatients. Results: Bridging across the psychopathology and personality trait literatures, the results provide evidence for a robust five-factor metastructure of psychopathology, including broad domains of symptoms and features related to internalizing, disinhibition, psychoticism, antagonism, and detachment. Conclusions: These results reveal evidence for a psychopathology metastructure that (a) parsimoniously accounts for much of the observed covariation among common mental disorders, personality disorders, and related personality traits, and (b) provides an empirical basis for the organization and classification of mental disorder.

Personality disorders, common mental disorders and receipt of disability benefits: evidence from the British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2631-2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Knudsen ◽  
J. C. Skogen ◽  
S. B. Harvey ◽  
R. Stewart ◽  
M. Hotopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Work Disability ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Disability Benefits ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundCommon mental disorders (CMDs) are associated with occupational impairment and the receipt of disability benefits (DBs). Little is known about the relationship between personality disorders (PDs) and work disability, and whether the association between CMDs and work disability is affected by the presence of co-morbid PDs. The aim of this study was to examine the association between DB and individual categories of PDs, with special attention to the effect of co-morbid CMDs on this association.MethodThe association between DB and PD was examined using data from the 2000 British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. Probable PD caseness was identified using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II) screening questionnaire. The impact of CMDs, assessed with the revised version of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R), was examined as a covariate and in a stratified analysis of co-morbidity. Other covariates included sociodemographic factors, long-standing illnesses and substance use.ResultsProbable PD was associated with DB, with the strongest associations found for borderline, dependent and schizotypal PD. Antisocial PD was not associated with DB. The relationship between PD and DB was strongly modified by CMD, reducing the association from an odds ratio (OR) of 2.84 to 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.79)]. In the stratified analysis, co-morbid PD and CMD showed a stronger association with DB than PD without CMD but, when fully adjusted, this effect was not significantly different from the association between CMD without PD.ConclusionsIndividuals screening positive for PD are more likely to experience severe occupational outcomes, especially in the presence of co-morbid CMD.

The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys

2009 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽  
J. Alonso ◽  
S. Chatterji ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
T. B. Üstün ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

SummaryThe paper presents an overview of the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative and summarizes recent WMH results regarding the prevalence and societal costs of mental disorders. The WMH surveys are representative community surveys that were carried out in 28 countries throughout the world aimed at providing information to mental health policy makers about the prevalence, burden, and unmet need for treatment of common mental disorders. Results show that mental disorders are commonly occurring in all participating countries. The inter-quartile range (IQR: 25th-75th percentiles) of lifetime DSM-IV disorder prevalence estimates (combining anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior, and substance disorders) is 18.1-36.1%. The IQR of 12-month prevalence estimates is 9.8-19.1%. Analysis of age-of-onset reports shows that many mental disorders begin in childhood-adolescence and have significant adverse effects on subsequent role transitions. Adult mental disorders are found in the WMH data to be associated with high levels of role impairment. Despite this burden, the majority of mental disorders go untreated. Although these results suggest that expansion of treatment could be cost-effective from both the employer perspective and the societal perspective, treatment effectiveness trials are needed to confirm this suspicion. The WMH results regarding impairments are being used to target several such interventions.

Is Pacific language ability protective of prevalence of mental disorders among Pacific peoples in New Zealand?

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirenei Taua'i ◽  
Rose Richards ◽  
Jesse Kokaua
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
Language Promotion

Aims: To explore associations between experiences of mental illness, migration status and languages spoken among Pacific adults living in NZ. Methods: SURVEY FREQ and SURVEY LOGISTIC procedures in SAS were applied to data from Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand (NZ) Mental Health Survey, a survey of 12,992 New Zealand adults aged 16 and over in 2003/2004. Pacific people were over sampled and this paper focuses on the 2374 Pacific participants but includes, for comparison, 8160 non-Maori-non-Pacific (NMNP) participants. Results: Pacific migrant respondents had the lowest prevalence of mental disorders compared to other Pacific peoples. However, Pacific immigrants were also less likely to use mental health services, suggesting an increased likelihood of experiencing barriers to available mental health care. Those who were born in NZ and who were proficient in a Pacific language had the lowest levels of common mental disorders, suggesting a protective effect for the NZ-born population. Additionally, access to mental health services was similar between NZ-born people who spoke a Pacific language and those who did not. Conclusions: We conclude that, given the association between Pacific language and reduced mental disorder, there may be a positive role for Pacific language promotion in efforts to reduce the prevalence of mental health disorder among Pacific communities in NZ.

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