What Psychiatrists Do Not Know About Psychotherapy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Paris
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Common Problems

Psychiatrists usually make an effort to keep current on the latest developments in psychopharmacology. However, many (if not most) know little about psychotherapy research. Yet the evidence is very strong that talking therapies are highly effective. In common mental disorders, psychotherapy usually yields equivalent results to medication and, in many cases, provides unique “added value” that drug treatment cannot offer. Its value is firmly established in the most common problems that psychiatrists treat—anxiety disorders, mild to moderate major depression, substance abuse, and personality disorders. It is also not widely known that psychotherapy need not be lengthy but, rather, can be conducted effectively with a time frame of a few months. A vast body of research shows that therapy lasting 3–6 months helps most patients; there is almost no evidence supporting longer courses of treatment.

Emotion Modulation in Psychiatric Patients Through Music

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gebhardt ◽  
Markus Kunkel ◽  
Richard von Georgi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Applied Music ◽  
Cognitive Problem ◽  
Psychiatric Population ◽  
Degree Of Severity

This study explores differences in the use of music in everyday life among diagnostic groups of a psychiatric population (n = 180) in reference to a group of healthy subjects (n = 430). The results indicate that patients with mental disorders use music more for emotion modulation than healthy controls. In particular, patients with substance abuse and those with personality disorders used music mainly for cognitive problem solving and the reduction of negative activation, whereas patients with substance abuse in addition used music not often to stimulate themselves positively. Patients suffering from schizophrenia and personality disorders more often applied music for relaxation than the subjects of the reference group. Furthermore, the degree of severity of the psychiatric disorder correlated with the increased use of music for emotion modulation, i.e., for relaxation and cognitive problem solving. Thus, the results demonstrate an increased use of music for emotion modulation in patients with mental disorders in association with the severity of the disorder.

Chronic pain and the psychiatrist

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
B. Van Houdenhove
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

SUMMARYChronic pain is a phenomenon with important psychiatric aspects from a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic point of view. The place of chronic pain in the different versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and the differential-diagnosis are critically discussed. The comorbidity with depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse and personality disorders is extensively treated. Finally, the essential role of the psychiatrist in the multidisciplinary therapeutic approach of these patients is emphasised.

Mental health

2021 ◽  
pp. 767-794
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hanlon ◽  
Asnake Limenhe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Post Traumatic

Suicide and deliberate self-harm?, Acute behavioural disturbance?, Common mental disorders?, Severe mental disorders psychoses?, Disorders due to substance abuse?, Withdrawal states?, Adjustment disorders and bereavement?, Post-traumatic stress disorder?, Intellectual learning disability?, Disorders in children and adolescents?

scholarly journals Economic impact of personality disorders in UK primary care attenders

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Rendu ◽  
Paul Moran ◽  
Anita Patel ◽  
Martin Knapp ◽  
Anthony Mann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cohort Study Design ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundThe economic impact of personality disorders on UK health services is unknown.AimsTo test the hypothesis that people with personality disorders have higher mean health and non-health costs compared with those without personality disorders.MethodProspective cohort study design. A total of 303 general practice attenders were followed-up 1 year after they had been assessed for the presence of personality disorders. Costs were estimated in £ sterling at 1999 price levels.ResultsThe mean total cost for patients with personality disorders was £3094 (s.d.=5324) compared with £1633 (s.d.=3779) for those without personality disorders. Personality disorders were not independently associated with increased costs. Multivariate analyses identified the presence of a significant interaction between personality disorders and common mental disorders and increased total costs (coefficient=499, 95% CI 180.1-626.2, P=0.002).ConclusionsPersonality disorders are not independently associated with increased costs. An interaction between personality disorders and common mental disorders significantly predicts increased total costs.

scholarly journals Completed Suicides in a Youth Centres Population

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 690-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanne Renaud ◽  
François Chagnon ◽  
Gustavo Turecki ◽  
Claude Marquette
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Disruptive Behaviours ◽  
Previous Suicide Attempt

Objective: From 1995 to 2000, 422 youths, aged 18 years and under, died as a result of suicide in Quebec. More than one-third had received services from youth centres (YCs) at some point. This study sought to characterize a sample of those youths to improve services for this at-risk population. Method: From a retrospective study of YCs and coroner's office files, we investigated the clinical features of youths who had received YC services and died by suicide. We compared them with YC patients matched for age, sex, and geographic area who had reported suicidal behaviour or who had no such symptoms. Results: Among those who committed suicide, we found a ratio of 3.8 boys for 1 girl, with a mean age of 16.8 years. Hanging, used by 73.6%, was the most frequent means; 53.6% had a previous suicide attempt. The group that committed suicide had more indicators of major depression, substance abuse, and disruptive behaviours, as well as more adverse events. Conclusions: Interventions should focus on screening for mental disorders and suicidal behaviours on the initial contact with YC services. This screening should be implemented through a medical multidisciplinary team that includes psychoeducational services.

scholarly journals A metastructural model of mental disorders and pathological personality traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2309-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. C. Wright ◽  
L. J. Simms
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits ◽  
Related Personality

BackgroundPsychiatric co-morbidity is extensive in both psychiatric settings and the general population. Such co-morbidity challenges whether DSM-based mental disorders serve to effectively carve nature at its joints. In response, a substantial literature has emerged showing that a small number of broad dimensions – internalizing, externalizing and psychoticism – can account for much of the observed covariation among common mental disorders. However, the location of personality disorders within this emerging metastructure has only recently been studied, and no studies have yet examined where pathological personality traits fit within such a broad metastructural framework.MethodWe conducted joint structural analyses of common mental disorders, personality disorders and pathological personality traits in a sample of 628 current or recent psychiatric out-patients.ResultsBridging across the psychopathology and personality trait literatures, the results provide evidence for a robust five-factor metastructure of psychopathology, including broad domains of symptoms and features related to internalizing, disinhibition, psychoticism, antagonism and detachment.ConclusionsThese results reveal evidence for a psychopathology metastructure that (a) parsimoniously accounts for much of the observed covariation among common mental disorders, personality disorders and related personality traits, and (b) provides an empirical basis for the organization and classification of mental disorder.

scholarly journals Relationship between personality and psychopathology in a longitudinal community study: a test of the predisposition model

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1693-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Hengartner ◽  
V. Ajdacic-Gross ◽  
C. Wyss ◽  
J. Angst ◽  
W. Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Depression Treatment ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Treatment Use

BackgroundMounting evidence supports the notion that personality is crucial in the aetiopathology of common mental disorders, but studies that allow for aetiological conclusions are lacking. The aim of the present study was thus to provide a test of the predisposition model.MethodWe analysed data from the Zurich Cohort Study, a 30-year longitudinal epidemiological community study of an adult cohort (n = 591) from 1979 to 2008. Personality was assessed in 1988 with an established personality questionnaire, and psychopathology through seven semi-structured interviews between 1979 and 2008.ResultsOn the basis of personality assessment from 1988, used as predictor of subsequent psychopathology (1993–2008), while adjusting for sex and prior mental disorders (1979–1988), neuroticism related significantly with future major depression episodes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41], anxiety disorders (OR = 1.32) and depression treatment use (OR = 1.41). When participants with a past 10-year history (i.e. 1979–1988) of either major depression, anxiety disorder or depression treatment use were excluded, neuroticism in 1988 still significantly predicted first incidence (i.e. 1993–2008) of major depression episodes (OR = 1.53) and depression treatment use (OR = 1.84).ConclusionsThe present study provides compelling evidence that the personality trait of neuroticism constitutes an independent risk factor for subsequent major depression episodes and use of respective professional treatments, which serves as a proxy for particularly severe and impairing depression episodes. We therefore advocate that personality traits could provide clinically useful prognostic information when considered carefully.

scholarly journals Prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees across Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael King ◽  
Irwin Nazareth ◽  
Gus Levy ◽  
Carl Walker ◽  
Richard Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
European Countries ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundThere is evidence that the prevalence of common mental disorders varies across Europe.AimsTo compare prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees in six European countries.MethodUnselected attendees to general practices in the UK, Spain, Portugal, Slovenia, Estonia and The Netherlands were assessed for major depression, panic syndrome and other anxiety syndrome. Prevalence of DSM–IV major depression, other anxiety syndrome and panic syndrome was compared between the UK and other countries after taking account of differences in demographic factors and practice consultation rates.ResultsPrevalence was estimated in 2344 men and 4865 women. The highest prevalence for all disorders occurred in the UK and Spain, and lowest in Slovenia and The Netherlands. Men aged 30–50 and women aged 18–30 had the highest prevalence of major depression; men aged 40–60 had the highest prevalence of anxiety, and men and women aged 40–50 had the highest prevalence of panic syndrome. Demographic factors accounted for the variance between the UK and Spain but otherwise had little impact on the significance of observed country differences.ConclusionsThese results add to the evidence for real differences between European countries in prevalence of psychological disorders and show that the burden of care on general practitioners varies markedly between countries.

Substance abuse versus dependence and the structure of common mental disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Y. Katz ◽  
Brian J. Cox ◽  
Ian P. Clara ◽  
Janine Oleski ◽  
Tegan Sacevich
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders
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