The Early Effects of Prefrontal Leucotomy on Disturbed Patients with Mental Illness of Long Duration

1943 ◽  
Vol 89 (375) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cunningham Dax ◽  
E. J. Radley Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Short Time

The following findings apply to 50 cases who were operated upon in the last six months of 1942. The very short time which has elapsed since the operations were performed makes it necessary to treat the results with the greatest reserve. It is therefore hoped that this account will be regarded as a progress report.

scholarly journals Observations of High-Frequency Activity of EV Lacertae

1995 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
B.E. Zhilyaev ◽  
I.A. Verlyuk
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Cataclysmic Binaries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Ev Lac ◽  
Short Time

The flare star EV Lac shows a wide variety of activity phenomena on a wide range of time scales. These are the well-known “classical” solar-like flares, the short-time flare events (Gershberg & Petrov 1986, Karapetian & Zalinian 1991, Tovmassian & Zalinian 1988, Tsvetkov et al. 1986, Zhilyaev 1994), and the long-duration variations caused by starspots and rotation (Petterson 1980). However, the “classical” flares are not such a frequent phenomenon as one gets used to think. As noted by Roizman & Kabitchev (1985), a considerable fraction of flares shows a complicated multipeak structure with sudden onset and decay. Their interpretation along the lines of classical models favored for solar-like flares is very problematic.Here, we report the detection of high-frequency chaotic variability (flickering) in EV Lac. Optical flickering is observed in cataclysmic binaries, and in X-rays it is observed in low-mass X-ray binaries. As a rule, flickering is an accretion phenomenon. Strange as it may seem, EV Lac as a visual binary has the analogous property.

scholarly journals NATIONAL SCALE MULTI-HAZARD MODEL PLATFORM FOR EXTREME CYCLONE IMPACTS ON COASTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
David Taylor ◽  
Joanna Aldridge ◽  
Jarrod Dent ◽  
Jim Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Model System ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Australian Coastline ◽  
Model Platform ◽  
Short Time

Extreme event impacts on coastlines and infrastructure is often driven by a combination of processes and factors. In cyclone (hurricane) prone coastlines, wind, rain, storm surge, tide and waves can all contribute to damage and loss of infrastructure. With increasing value of coastal assets, hazard and risk management is increasingly assessing multi-hazard impacts from extreme events, and cumulative damage from multiple events within short time frames. A novel multi-hazard model system has been developed to assess cyclone hazards on the Australian coastline from a combination of wind, rain, tide, storm surge and wave impacts. The model system is capable of deriving return period hazard levels for single and combined hazards, and also long-duration, for example 10,000 year duration, event sets to analyze cumulative impacts. The hazard model system is comprised of high-resolution, calibrated process models addressing the various physical processes that contribute to the overall hazard.

scholarly journals Using automated sanding to homogeneously break seed dormancy in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L., Fabaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier P. Bouteiller ◽  
Annabel J. Porté ◽  
Stéphanie Mariette ◽  
Arnaud Monty
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Dry Heating ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Short Time

AbstractPhysical dormancy of Robinia pseudoacacia seeds makes it a challenge for scientists and forest managers to obtain a homogeneous germination for larger seed samples. Water imbibition of the seeds can be achieved through manual piercing of the seed coat, but this method remains time consuming and heterogeneous. We tested several ecologically friendly methods to break seed dormancy, including manual pin puncture, water soaking, oven dry-heating (two temperatures) and sanding. Sanding was performed using an automatic grinder to control shaking duration (three durations) and get a homogeneous scraping of the coat. All methods, except dry-heating, resulted in successful dormancy breaking; water soaking was the least efficient method, attaining 57% germination. Sanding proved to be as efficient as puncturing (97%) but long duration sanding (10 or 15 min) could damage cotyledons, which would impede further development of the plant. Short-time sanding (5 min) proved to be the best method to reach high total germination and healthy (undamaged cotyledon) seedlings, and was successfully applied to 500 seeds. The reference puncture method and the automatic sanding were also tested on seeds of nine Fabaceae species and proved to be efficient for some species. Automated sanding can thus be used as a standard to break physical dormancy of black locust or other Fabaceae seeds to allow further comparative studies of plant populations or genotypes.

scholarly journals Classification of Coronavirus Images using Shrunken Features

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saban Ozturk ◽  
Umut Ozkaya ◽  
Mucahid Barstugan
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Feature Vector ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Short Time

AbstractNecessary screenings must be performed to control the spread of the Corona Virus (COVID-19) in daily life and to make a preliminary diagnosis of suspicious cases. The long duration of pathological laboratory tests and the wrong test results led the researchers to focus on different fields. Fast and accurate diagnoses are essential for effective interventions with COVID-19. The information obtained by using X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT) images is vital in making clinical diagnoses. Therefore it was aimed to develop a machine learning method for the detection of viral epidemics by analyzing X-ray images. In this study, images belonging to 6 situations, including coronavirus images, are classified. Since the number of images in the dataset is deficient and unbalanced, it is more convenient to analyze these images with hand-crafted feature extraction methods. For this purpose, firstly, all the images in the dataset are extracted with the help of four feature extraction algorithms. These extracted features are combined in raw form. The unbalanced data problem is eliminated by producing feature vectors with the SMOTE algorithm. Finally, the feature vector is reduced in size by using a stacked auto-encoder and principal component analysis to remove interconnected features in the feature vector. According to the obtained results, it is seen that the proposed method has leveraging performance, especially in order to make the diagnosis of COVID-19 in a short time and effectively.

Radio-Astronomical Evidence for Magneto-Hydrodynamical Pulsations in the Corona

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 652-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Time Resolution ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Stationary Type ◽  
Short Time

At Utrecht Observatory a 60-channel solar radiospectrograph has been in regular operation since the fall of 1968, in the bandwidth 160–320 MHz, with a time resolution of 0s.03 (DeGroot and Van Nieuwkoop, 1968). In addition to all generally known and classified emissions as noise storms, type IV bursts, type III bursts, type IV continua, a number of unclassified emissions have been observed. The spectrograph is particularly well suited to study short time scale fluctuations, even of small amplitude. One striking feature is an often recurring broad band (> 80 MHz) weak, quasiperiodic fluctuation superimposed on a type IV-like continuum (Figure 1). Since no interferometric measurements were available, it is not known whether it is a stationary or a moving type IV burst. However, due to the sometimes very long duration, we expect it to be a stationary type IV.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided High-Voltage Long-Duration Pulsed Radiofrequency for Pudendal Neuralgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Feng Ji ◽  
Shuzhuan Zhou ◽  
Caixia Li ◽  
Yongyan Zhang ◽  
Hua Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Pulsed Radiofrequency ◽  
Pudendal Neuralgia ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Short Time

Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is a complex disease with various clinical characteristics, and there is no treatment showing definite effectiveness. This study is aimed at evaluating the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-voltage long-duration pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) for PN. Two cadavers (one male, one female) were dissected to provide evidence for localization of the pudendal nerve. Patients diagnosed as PN who failed or were intolerant in regular medication were screened for diagnostic local anesthesia block of the pudendal nerve before recruitment. Twenty PN patients were enrolled in this study. In the PRF procedure, the needle tip was inserted medially into the internal pudendal artery under ultrasound guidance. The position of the PRF needle tip was then adjusted by the response of the pudendal nerve to the electrical stimulation within the pudendal area (42°C, a series of 2 Hz, and 20 ms width pulses that lasted for 900 s). Alleviation of pain was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and sitting time pretreatment and on 7 d, 14 d, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, and 6 m posttreatment in outpatient follow-up or by telephone interview. Two patients were lost due to intervention-irrelevant reasons. Patients showed significantly decreased VAS scores on 7 d after RFP, compared with pretreatment status ( 7.0 ± 0.9 vs. 3.2 ± 1.7 , P < 0.001 ). The efficacy remained steady till the end of 6 months, with a final remission rate of 88.9%. Sitting time also significantly lengthened following PRF (7 d, 14 d, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, and 6 m vs. pretreatment, all P < 0.05 ). Only short-term ipsilateral involuntary convulsion of the lower extremity was reported in one patient, who recovered within 12 h. Six patients were treated with nonsteroidal drugs for a short time. All patients stopped taking medication finally. In conclusion, the ultrasound-guided high-voltage long-duration PRF approach not only reduced the pelvic pain caused by PN but also improved the quality of life by extending sitting time without nerve injury.

scholarly journals The Nature of Personality Disorders among Females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Kh. Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Social Bias ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

The study aimed to review the literature about personality disorders among females and the role of potential gender bias in diagnosis with these disorders. Personality disorder PD had defined as an inflexible pattern of long duration leading to significant distress or impairment. Women suffer from many types of stress throughout their life according to economic position and social status. However, there are many opinions on the gender differences in PD's and gender can be a powerful element to determine mental health. Unfortunately, there is gender and social bias to view mental illness depending on the patient's gender. Many regions in the world have social cultures that contribute to disorders' development. Due to stigma and social traditions, the Arab region seems to be further away from global diagnosis and statistics for personality disorders. Finally, It's essential for clinicians and researchers to move away from being satisfied with the results of Western studies and not trying to generalize only western findings in diagnosing disorders.

Biology Re-Emerges

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-256
Author(s):  
Allan V. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Short Time

The DSM-III did not dictate any particular cause of mental disorder. It classified each diagnosis through its symptoms, not by what factors led symptoms to emerge. Indeed, the manual’s theoretical neutrality was a key reason why the diverse factions within psychiatry and other mental health professions accepted it. The next transformation in views of mental illness involved yoking the DSM-III’s symptom-based diagnoses to the view that mental disorders were brain diseases produced by malfunctioning neurochemical systems and problematic genes. Since 1980, psychiatry has replaced the biopsychosocial model with a bio-bio-bio model that emphasizes brains, genes, and medications. A single-minded focus on psychopharmacology has supplanted the pluralist combination of psychotherapy, psychosocial interventions, and drug treatments that characterized the field during the postwar period. Over a short time period, the biological study of mental illness evolved from a marginal and discredited enterprise to become the dominant model in not just psychiatry but also popular culture.

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