Genetic risk of depression and stress-induced negative affect in daily life

BackgroundA bias to develop negative affect in response to daily life stressors may be an important depression endophenotype, but remains difficult to assess.AimsTo assess this mood bias endophenotype, uncontaminated by current mood, in the course of daily life.MethodThe experience samping method was used to collect multiple appraisals of daily life event-related stress and negative affect in 279 female twin pairs. Cross-twin, cross-trait associations between daily life mood bias and DSM – IV depression were conducted.ResultsProbands whose co-twins were diagnosed with lifetime depression showed a stronger mood bias to stress than those with co-twins without such a diagnosis, independent of probands' current depressive symptoms and to a greater extent in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins.ConclusionsGenetic liability to depression is in part expressed as the tendency to display negative affect in response to minor stressors in daily life. This trait may represent a true depression endophenotype.

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Daily cortisol, stress reactivity and psychotic experiences in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychosis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291711000602 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (11) ◽

pp. 2305-2315 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

D. Collip ◽

N. A. Nicolson ◽

M. Lardinois ◽

T. Lataster ◽

J. van Os ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Hpa Axis ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Daily Life ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Psychotic Experiences ◽

Cortisol Reactivity ◽

Diurnal Cortisol ◽

Hpa Axis Activity

BackgroundHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis abnormalities have been found in patients with a psychotic disorder and first-degree relatives of patients with a psychotic disorder react with subtle increases in non-clinical psychotic experiences and negative emotions in the face of everyday stress. The current study investigated whether HPA axis functioning is altered in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychotic disorder, examining diurnal cortisol profiles, cortisol reactivity to daily stressors and the association between HPA axis activity and subclinical psychotic experiences.MethodParticipants included siblings of patients with a psychotic disorder (n=60) and a healthy comparison group (n=63). The Experience Sampling Method (a structured diary technique) was employed to assess stress, psychotic experiences, negative affect and salivary cortisol repeatedly in the flow of daily life.ResultsMulti-level analyses revealed higher diurnal cortisol levels and heightened cortisol reactivity to negative daily events in siblings compared with controls. Diurnal cortisol slope did not differ between the two groups, but momentary increases in psychotic experiences and negative affect were associated with increased cortisol in the sibling group.ConclusionsFindings support altered HPA axis activity in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychotic disorder, as evidenced by higher diurnal cortisol levels and increased cortisol reactivity to daily stress. Results also suggest a dynamic association between cortisol secretion and the intensity of psychotic-like experiences and negative emotions in daily life, although the direction of this association remains to be elucidated.

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Concurrent and Lagged Relations between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents’ Daily Life

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2018.61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Eliana Silva ◽

Teresa Freire ◽

Susana Faria

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Daily Life ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Trait Level

AbstractA better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.

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Does Higher Concordance in Monozygotic Twins Than in Dizygotic Twins Suggest a Genetic Component?

Human Heredity ◽

10.1159/000053333 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 121-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Sun-Wei Guo

Keyword(s):

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Genetic Component ◽

Dizygotic Twins

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Tacit coordination in monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins and virtual twins: Effects and implications of genetic relatedness

Personality and Individual Differences ◽

10.1016/j.paid.2008.06.022 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 607-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nancy L. Segal ◽

Shirley A. McGuire ◽

Steven A. Miller ◽

June Havlena

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Dizygotic Twins ◽

Tacit Coordination

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Replacement of Sedentary Behavior by Various Daily-Life Physical Activities and Structured Exercises: Genetic Risk and Incident Type 2 Diabetes

10.2337/figshare.14589438.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiang Li ◽

Tao Zhou ◽

Hao Ma ◽

Zhaoxia Liang ◽

Vivian A Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Genetic Predisposition ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Daily Life ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Equal Time ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Different Types ◽

Sedentary Behavior Time

Objective: To prospectively analyze the association of sedentary behavior time with T2D risk and perform the iso-temporal substitution analyses to estimate the effect of substituting sedentary behaviors by equal time of different types of daily-life physical activities and structured exercise. We also examined modifications by the genetic predisposition to T2D. Research Design and Methods: We included 475,502 participants free of T2D in the UK Biobank. Sedentary time was quantified by summing up the time spent on television watching, computer using, and driving. Results: During a median follow-up of 11 years, we documented 18,169 incident T2D. Comparing the extreme categories (≥6 vs. <2 hours/day), the hazard ratio (HR) for T2D was 1.58 (95% CI, 1.47-1.71), after adjustment for age, race, sex, lifestyle factors, and other covariates. Replacing 30 minutes of sedentary behavior per day with an equal time of different types of daily-life activities and structured exercise were significantly associated with a 6-31% risk reduction of T2D, with strenuous sports showing the strongest (31%, 95% CI, 24%-37%) benefit. Moreover, we found a significant interaction between sedentary behavior and genetic predisposition on the risk of T2D (p-interaction=0.0008). The association was more profound among participants with a lower genetic risk of T2D. Conclusions: Our study indicates that sedentary behavior time is associated with an increased risk of T2D; replacing sedentary behavior with a short-duration (30 minutes/day) daily-life physical activities or structured exercise is related to a significant reduction in T2D risk. Furthermore, such association was stronger among those with a lower genetic risk of T2D.

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Effect of COVID-19 Disruptions on Young Adults' Affect and Substance Use in Daily Life

10.31219/osf.io/tj7e2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lauren Papp ◽

Chrystyna D Kouros

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Daily Life ◽

Baseline Period ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Future Research ◽

Group Status ◽

Prescription Drug Misuse

Objective: Guided by accounts of adjustment in daily life as a key indicator of health, the current study examined prospective changes in young adults’ emotions and substance behaviors assessed during a normative baseline period and during the acute COVID-19 disruption period in late March/early April 2020. The COVID-19 assessment also collected psychosocial risk factors expected to moderate changes in adjustment across time. Method: Participants included 295 young adults (70.8% female; ages 18-21 at baseline), drawn from an ongoing study of daily behaviors and health in college life that oversampled for recent substance behaviors, who completed both the baseline and COVID-19 assessments. Hypotheses were tested using analyses of repeated-measures data that included covariates of length of time between assessments and sampling group status. Results: Direct tests in support of hypotheses indicated an increase in negative affect (d = .67, p < .001), and greater alcohol use (d = .75, p < .001) and marijuana use (d = .58, p < .001), in daily life across time. Levels of positive affect (d = .08, p > .05), nicotine use (d = .01, p > .05), and prescription drug misuse (d = .003, p > .05) did not reliably change in tests of direct models. Moderation tests indicated several risk factors for experiencing steeper increases in negative affect, and increased likelihood of marijuana and nicotine use, in daily life across time. Conclusions: Findings offer implications for future research and clinical efforts to improve young adult adjustment in response to the pandemic.

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Interaction between polygenic liability for schizophrenia and childhood adversity influences daily-life emotional dysregulation and psychosis proneness

10.1101/778761 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lotta-Katrin Pries ◽

Boris Klingenberg ◽

Claudia Menne-Lothmann ◽

Jeroen Decoster ◽

Ruud van Winkel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Daily Life ◽

Childhood Adversity ◽

Mental States ◽

Stress Sensitivity ◽

Emotional Dysregulation ◽

Life Stressors ◽

Polygenic Risk Score ◽

Psychosis Proneness

AbstractBackgroundThe earliest stages of the pluripotent psychopathology on the pathway to psychotic disorders is represented by emotional dysregulation and subtle psychosis expression, which can be measured using the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). However, it is not clear to what degree common genetic and environmental risk factors for psychosis contribute to variation in these early expressions of psychopathology.MethodsIn this largest ever EMA study of a general population twin cohort including 593 adolescents and young adults between the ages of 15 and 35 years, we tested whether polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-S) interacts with childhood adversity (the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire score) and daily-life stressors to influence momentary mental state domains (negative affect, positive affect, and subtle psychosis expression) and stress-sensitivity measures.ResultsBoth childhood adversity and daily-life stressors were associated with increased negative affect, decreased positive affect, and increased subtle psychosis expression, while PRS-S was only associated with increased positive affect. No gene–environment correlation was detected. We have provided novel evidence for interaction effects between PRS-S and childhood adversity to influence momentary mental states [negative affect (b = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.13, P = 0.013), positive affect (b = −0.05, 95% CI −0.10 to −0.00, P = 0.043), and subtle psychosis expression (b = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.19, P = 0.007)] and stress-sensitivity measures.ConclusionExposure to childhood adversities, particularly in individuals with high PRS-S, is pleiotropically associated with emotional dysregulation and psychosis proneness.

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A Coordinated Analysis of Variance in Affect in Daily Life

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191118799460 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 1683-1698 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stacey B. Scott ◽

Martin J. Sliwinski ◽

Matthew Zawadzki ◽

Robert S. Stawski ◽

Jinhyuk Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽

Daily Life ◽

Daily Diary ◽

Levels Of Analysis ◽

Total N ◽

Ecological Momentary ◽

Momentary Assessment ◽

Widespread Interest

Despite widespread interest in variance in affect, basic questions remain pertaining to the relative proportions of between-person and within-person variance, the contribution of days and moments, and the reliability of these estimates. We addressed these questions by decomposing negative affect and positive affect variance across three levels (person, day, moment), and calculating reliability using a coordinated analysis of seven daily diary, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and diary-EMA hybrid studies (across studies age = 18-84 years, total Npersons = 2,103, total Nobservations = 45,065). Across studies, within-person variance was sizeable (negative affect: 45% to 66%, positive affect: 25% to 74%); in EMA more within-person variance was attributable to momentary rather than daily level. Reliability was adequate to high at all levels of analysis (within-person: .73-.91; between-person: .96-1.00) despite different items and designs. We discuss the implications of these results for the design of future intensive studies of affect variance.

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