scholarly journals Transition from stress sensitivity to a depressive state: longitudinal twin study

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Wichers ◽  
Nicole Geschwind ◽  
Nele Jacobs ◽  
Gunter Kenis ◽  
Frenk Peeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

BackgroundDaily-life stress sensitivity is associated with depression, but prospective data are lacking.AimsTo examine associations between baseline ecological daily-life stress sensitivity and later depression, and to identify genetic and non-genetic factors moderating the transition from stress sensitivity to depression.MethodDaily-life stress sensitivity was assessed at baseline in twins (n = 502). One baseline and four follow-up measurements of depressive symptoms and negative life events were collected, as well as interview-based diagnoses at baseline and last follow-up. Hypothesised genetic markers were determined.ResultsBaseline stress sensitivity was associated with increased depressive symptoms at follow-up and risk of major depressive disorder. Both genetic liability and major life events moderated the probability of transition from stress sensitivity to depression.ConclusionsOnset of depression is attributable to pre-onset ecological measurements of stress sensitivity, particularly where genetic liability is high and individuals have reached a stage where the influence of competing environmental causes is low.

scholarly journals Are Perfectionistic Thoughts an Antecedent or a Consequence of Depressive Symptoms? A Cross-Lagged Analysis of the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Besser ◽  
Gordon L. Flett ◽  
Simon B. Sherry ◽  
Paul L. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Cross Sectional

Perfectionistic automatic thoughts have been linked with depressive symptoms in numerous cross-sectional studies, but this link has not been assessed in longitudinal research. An investigation with two timepoints was conducted to test whether perfectionistic automatic thoughts, as assessed by the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (PCI), are contributors to subsequent depression or vice versa. The possible role of a third factor (major life events stress) was also evaluated. A sample of 118 university students completed the PCI, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Life Experiences Survey on two occasions with a 5-month interval. A cross-lagged analysis using structural equation modeling showed that above and beyond within-time associations and across-time stability effects, perfectionism automatic thoughts contributed to subsequent depressive symptoms and not vice versa. Negative life events stress was correlated significantly with both depressive symptoms and perfectionism automatic thoughts but did not have an influence on Time 2 depressive symptoms or on perfectionistic automatic thoughts. Our discussion focuses on perfectionistic automatic thoughts as a contributor to depressive vulnerability according to the perfectionism cognition theory.

Two-Year Follow-up of the Sheffield Psychotherapy Project

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Shapiro ◽  
Jenny Firth-Cozens
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Anxiety Management

Of 40 depressed and anxious patients who received treatment during the Sheffield Psychotherapy Project, 31 completed the BDI and SCL-90 at two-year follow-up. At both group and individual levels, outcomes were very similar to those obtained at the completion of treatment. Substantial minorities of patients reported major life events and seeking further help for psychological problems during the two years, but these reports were not reliably associated with symptoms at follow-up. Patients recalled very different elements in prescriptive and exploratory therapies as helpful, with a notable emphasis upon prescriptive therapy's relaxation and anxiety management as a source of problem solution.

Major Life Events

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-26
Author(s):  
Scott M. Monroe ◽  
George M. Slavich
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Human Disorder

The purpose of the present chapter is to provide an overview of key issues involving the definition and assessment of major life events for researchers interested in the effects of life stress on a wide range of disorders. General conceptual and definitional issues are addressed initially, and a conceptual heuristic is proposed for guiding inquiry on major life stress and human disorder. This heuristic is drawn upon to develop principled practices for assessing, operationalizing, and finally quantifying major life events. Throughout the chapter, contemporary approaches for research on major life events are evaluated, their relative merits and shortcomings discussed, and their psychometric credentials formally compared. In closing, we consider future directions for research on major life events and their implications for health and disease.

Life events, social interaction and psychiatric symptoms in general practice: a pilot study

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Davies ◽  
S. Rose ◽  
K. W. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
High Degree

SynopsisThirty-two adult females who consulted a general practitioner with psychiatric training were assessed by questionnaires on first attendance and at follow-up 6 months later. Major life events and the degree of social support were of importance. Failure to improve was associated with major negative life events; in the absence of such events, improvement seemed likely to occur given a high degree of social Support; major positive events appeared to be associated with improvement, regardless of the degree of social interaction. These factors, and the initial and final GHQ scores, are inter-related in a complex manner and it is suggested that these findings merit further investigation on a larger sample of patients.

Identifying Imagoes: A Personality Exercise on Myth, Self, and Identity

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana S. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Self And Identity

To make personality psychology personally involving, I developed an exercise based on imagoes, the characters that McAdams (1985, 1993) argued dominate life storks and personal myths. An imago is an idealized and personified self-concept we form in early or midadulthood. Broader than roles played in daily life, imagoes serve a unifying function: to make our stories and myths coherent. While keeping a journal, students identify individual myths and major life events, and then they write about the imagoes most frequently used to make sense out of their lives.

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