scholarly journals Comparison of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and in major depressive disorder within bipolar disorder pedigrees

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B. Mitchell ◽  
Andrew Frankland ◽  
Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic ◽  
Gloria Roberts ◽  
Justine Corry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundAlthough genetic epidemiological studies have confirmed increased rates of major depressive disorder among the relatives of people with bipolar affective disorder, no report has compared the clinical characteristics of depression between these two groups.AimsTo compare clinical features of depressive episodes across participants with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder from within bipolar disorder pedigrees, and assess the utility of a recently proposed probabilistic approach to distinguishing bipolar from unipolar depression. A secondary aim was to identify subgroups within the relatives with major depression potentially indicative of ‘genetic’ and ‘sporadic’ subgroups.MethodPatients with bipolar disorder types 1 and 2 (n = 246) and patients with major depressive disorder from bipolar pedigrees (n = 120) were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. Logistic regression was used to identify distinguishing clinical features and assess the utility of the probabilistic approach. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups within the major depressive disorder sample.ResultsBipolar depression was characterised by significantly higher rates of psychomotor retardation, difficulty thinking, early morning awakening, morning worsening and psychotic features. Depending on the threshold employed, the probabilistic approach yielded a positive predictive value ranging from 74% to 82%. Two clusters within the major depressive disorder sample were found, one of which demonstrated features characteristic of bipolar depression, suggesting a possible ‘genetic’ subgroup.ConclusionsA number of previously identified clinical differences between unipolar and bipolar depression were confirmed among participants from within bipolar disorder pedigrees. Preliminary validation of the probabilistic approach in differentiating between unipolar and bipolar depression is consistent with dimensional distinctions between the two disorders and offers clinical utility in identifying patients who may warrant further assessment for bipolarity. The major depressive disorder clusters potentially reflect genetic and sporadic subgroups which, if replicated independently, might enable an improved phenotypic definition of underlying bipolarity in genetic analyses.

Cognitive characteristics of unipolar (major depressive disorder) and bipolar depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S374-S374 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Suciu ◽  
R. Paunescu ◽  
I. Miclutia
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Depressive Episodes

IntroductionImpairment in cognitive performance is an important characteristic in many psychiatric illnesses, such as Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. Initially, cognitive dysfunctions were considered to be present only in acute depressive episodes and to improve after symptoms recovered. Reports have described persistent cognitive deficits even after significant improvement of depressive symptoms.Aims/ObjectivesWe wanted to understand the dimension of cognitive impairment in unipolar and bipolar depression and also to underline the differences between cognitive profiles of patients diagnosed within the two mentioned disorders.MethodThis review examined recent literature about unipolar and bipolar depression.ResultsBoth depressed patients presented cognitive deficits in several cognitive domains. Different aspects of attention were altered in both patients but impairment in shifting attention appeared specific to unipolar disorder while impaired sustained attention was particular for bipolar disorder. Both types of patients showed memory deficits that were associated with poor global functioning. Two recent studies described that bipolar depressed subjects were more impaired across all cognitive domains than unipolar depressed subjects on tests assessing verbal memory, verbal fluency, attention and executive functions. The most consistently deficits were displayed on measures of executive functioning – such as tasks requiring problem solving, planning, decision making – suggesting that this cognitive domain is a trait-marker for depression.ConclusionsCognitive deficits are present in both disorders during a depressive episode but they display slightly different patterns of impairment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Clinical Features of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Depressive Episodes With Mixed Features 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Yan-Xia Xiao ◽  
Jing-Ge Du ◽  
Xia Du ◽  
Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Mixed Features ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Abstract Background: To investigate the clinical phenomenology and clinical features of the new concept of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder depressive episodes with mixed features.Methods: A total of 357 patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder depressive episodes were assessed, we compared the differences of clinical features with or without mixed features.Results: According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria, the overall prevalence of mixed features was 9.52% (34/357) in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder depressive episodes; specifically, the prevalence was 6.0% in major depressive disorder and 23.3% in bipolar disorder depressive episodes. Compared with the non-mixed features group, the mixed features group had more single individuals (P=0.002), earlier onset age (P=0.003), more patients with an onset age <25 years (P=0.001), and more previous incidences and prior hospitalizations (P<0.001, P=0.004, respectively), and fewer melancholic features (P=0.013).Logistic regression analysis showed that marital status (OR=0.237) and previous incidence (OR=1.478) was associated with mixed features.Conclusion: It indicates that previous incidence may be a risk factor of in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder depressive episodes with mixed features, and marital status may be a protective factor.

Clinical features and diagnosis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Variable Presentation

• Depression is associated with a number of physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms.• Sub-typing of major depressive disorder has implications for treatment choice and selection.• The differential diagnosis of depression includes bereavement, bipolar disorder, and other medical or substance-induced conditions.Depression is associated with many different types of symptoms which can result to a variable presentation in any given person. The features of depression can be physical (sleep, energy, appetite, libido), emotional (low mood, anxiety, crying) or cognitive (guilt, pessimism, suicidal thoughts). ...

scholarly journals Mechanism of action of cariprazine

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Major Depressive

Cariprazine is a new therapeutic agent recently approved for the treatment of both schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder, and is under investigation for the treatment of both bipolar depression and major depressive disorder.

Comparing the Phenomenology of Depressive Episodes in Bipolar I and II Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder Within Bipolar Disorder Pedigrees

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Frankland ◽  
Ester Cerrillo ◽  
Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic ◽  
Gloria Roberts ◽  
Adam Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressive Episodes

scholarly journals Clinical differences between bipolar and unipolar depression

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Forty ◽  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Lisa Jones ◽  
Ian Jones ◽  
Sian Caesar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Course Variables ◽  
Depressive Episodes

SummaryIt is commonly – but wrongly – assumed that there are no important differences between the clinical presentations of major depressive disorder and bipolar depression. Here we compare clinical course variables and depressive symptom profiles in a large sample of individuals with major depressive disorder (n=593) and bipolar disorder (n=443). Clinical characteristics associated with a bipolar course included the presence of psychosis, diurnal mood variation and hypersomnia during depressive episodes, and a greater number of shorter depressive episodes. Such features should alert a clinician to a possible bipolar course. This is important because optimal management is not the same for bipolar and unipolar depression.

Discriminating bipolar depression from major depressive disorder with polygenic risk scores

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Liebers ◽  
Mehdi Pirooznia ◽  
Andrea Ganna ◽  
Fernando S. Goes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Although accurate differentiation between bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) has important prognostic and therapeutic implications, the distinction is often challenging based on clinical grounds alone. In this study, we tested whether psychiatric polygenic risk scores (PRSs) improve clinically based classification models of BD v. MDD diagnosis. Methods Our sample included 843 BD and 930 MDD subjects similarly genotyped and phenotyped using the same standardized interview. We performed multivariate modeling and receiver operating characteristic analysis, testing the incremental effect of PRSs on a baseline model with clinical symptoms and features known to associate with BD compared with MDD status. Results We found a strong association between a BD diagnosis and PRSs drawn from BD (R2 = 3.5%, p = 4.94 × 10−12) and schizophrenia (R2 = 3.2%, p = 5.71 × 10−11) genome-wide association meta-analyses. Individuals with top decile BD PRS had a significantly increased risk for BD v. MDD compared with those in the lowest decile (odds ratio 3.39, confidence interval 2.19–5.25). PRSs discriminated BD v. MDD to a degree comparable with many individual symptoms and clinical features previously shown to associate with BD. When compared with the full composite model with all symptoms and clinical features PRSs provided modestly improved discriminatory ability (ΔC = 0.011, p = 6.48 × 10−4). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that psychiatric PRSs provide modest independent discrimination between BD and MDD cases, suggesting that PRSs could ultimately have utility in subjects at the extremes of the distribution and/or subjects for whom clinical symptoms are poorly measured or yet to manifest.

scholarly journals Individuals with bipolar disorder have a higher level of peripheral uric acid than major depressive disorder: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Lu ◽  
Yingtan Wang ◽  
Guanglei Xun
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: At present, no well-established biomarkers were ever found to distinguish unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to provide a clearer comparison of UA levels between BD and major depressive disorder. Methods: Peripheral UA of 119 patients with BD in acute stage (AS) and 77 in remission stage (RS), and 95 patients with UD in AS and 61 in RS were measured, so were 180 healthy controls. Results: UA levels in BD group were higher than UD and HC groups regardless of the AS or RS, while differences in UA levels between UD group and HC group were not significant. Differences in UA levels of BD-M (bipolar mania/hypomania) were higher than BD-D (bipolar depression) subgroups, and UA levels of BD-M and BD-D subgroups were higher than UD and HC groups. The comparison of number of participants with hyperuricemia among groups confirmed the above results. There were no significant differences in UA levels of between drug-use and drug-free/naïve subgroups. Conclusion: The study suggests patients with BD had a higher level of UA than UD, especially in mania episode.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Functioning in Depressive Patients: A Comparative Study between Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Affective Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Mehta ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Mittal ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Swami
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar affective disorder (BAD) are among the leading causes of disability. These are often associated with widespread impairments in all domains of functioning including relational, occupational, and social. The main aim of the study was to examine and compare nature and extent of psychosocial impairment of patients with MDD and BAD during depressive phase.Methodology. 96 patients (48 in MDD group and 48 in BAD group) were included in the study. Patients were recruited in depressive phase (moderate to severe depression). Patients having age outside 18–45 years, psychotic symptoms, mental retardation, and current comorbid medical or axis-1 psychiatric disorder were excluded. Psychosocial functioning was assessed using Range of Impaired Functioning Tool (LIFE-RIFT).Results. Domains of work, interpersonal relationship, life satisfaction, and recreation were all affected in both groups, but the groups showed significant difference in global psychosocial functioning score only (P=0.031) with BAD group showing more severe impairment.Conclusion. Bipolar depression causes higher global psychosocial impairment than unipolar depression.

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