scholarly journals Mathematical models as an aid for improving the validity of descriptive psychiatry

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Goodyer
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes

SummaryDespite available therapies, mental disorders are the predominant chronic diseases of young people. Increasing the validity of descriptive psychiatry is now essential. Mathematical approaches can help characterise clinical phenotypes and aid both causal research and therapeutics in the community and the clinic.

Suicidality and Treatment Experience Among Young People Who Inject Drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Mackesy-Amiti ◽  
Lawrence J. Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
The Past

Background. We examined correlates of past year suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) and described past year treatment experiences among young people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods. Participants were 570 adults (18-25 years) who injected primarily heroin. Interviews were conducted at field stations operated by Community Outreach Intervention Projects in Chicago, Illinois (USA). Interviewers administered the Psychiatric Research Instrument for Substance and Mental Disorders. Substance use and mental disorders were based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Past year STB was based on multiple questions. Results. Sixteen percent of men and 25% of women reported STB in the past year. In multivariable analysis, STB was associated with non-heterosexual orientation, foster care, and being raised by two parents. Primary major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, and borderline personality disorder had independent effects on suicidality. Among those reporting past year STB (n=111), 83% ever received mental health treatment, while 44% did so in the past year. While 24% of respondents indicated that at least one treatment matched their needs very well, 30% reported treatment that did not match their needs at all. The most common reason for ending treatment was program completion (about 50%) while getting better was endorsed by about 25%. Nearly half reported ending treatment due to a bad experience, logistical issues, or expense. Conclusions. Young PWID are at high risk for suicidal behavior and their mental health treatment experiences often do not meet their needs. There is a pressing need for more integrated substance use and mental health treatment.

scholarly journals Association of Edentulism with Various Chronic Diseases in Mexican Elders 60+ Years: Results of a Population-Based Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Alejandro José Casanova-Rosado ◽  
Juan Fernando Casanova-Rosado ◽  
Mirna Minaya-Sánchez ◽  
José Luís Robles-Minaya ◽  
Juan Alejandro Casanova-Sarmiento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
World Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the association of edentulism with different chronic diseases and mental disorders in Mexicans aged 60 years and over. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the World Health Survey for Mexico, in a probabilistic, multi-stage cluster sampling framework. Data for self-report of chronic diseases (diabetes, arthritis, angina pectoris and asthma), mental disorders (depression and schizophrenia) and edentulism were analyzed. Edentulism data were available for 20 of the 32 States of Mexico. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata 14.0 using the svy module for complex sampling (Complex nature under which individuals are sampled). Results: In total 4213 subjects were included, representing a population of 7,576,057 individuals. Mean age was 70.13 ± 7.82 years (range 60 to 98); 56.2% were women. Chronic diseases’ prevalence and mental disorders prevalence were as follows: diabetes 15.0% (N = 1,132,693); arthritis 13.2% (N = 1,001,667); depression 5.5% (N = 414,912); angina pectoris 4.5% (344,315); asthma 3.6% (N = 269,287); and schizophrenia 2.2% (N = 16,988). The prevalence of edentulism was 26.3%, which pertained to 1,993,463 people aged 60 years and over. Angina in women aged 60 to 69 years (p < 0.05) and depression in men aged 70 years and over (p < 0.0001) were associated with higher prevalence of edentulism. Conclusions: There was generally sparse association between edentulism on chronic diseases and mental disorders included in the study, except for women aged 60 to 69 years for angina, and in men aged 70 and over, for depression. Although our findings are misaligned with previous reports, longitudinal studies are required to test causal and temporal relationships between edentulism with chronic diseases and mental disorders.

scholarly journals The course of neuropsychological functioning in young people with attenuated vs discrete mental disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh M. Tickell ◽  
Rico S. C. Lee ◽  
Ian B. Hickie ◽  
Daniel F. Hermens
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning

Actions taken by young people to deal with mental disorders: findings from an Australian national survey of youth

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Reavley ◽  
Marie B.H. Yap ◽  
Annemarie Wright ◽  
Anthony F. Jorm
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
National Survey

Mental disorders as risk factors for suicidal behavior in young people: A meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margalida Gili ◽  
Pere Castellví ◽  
Margalida Vives ◽  
Alejandro de la Torre-Luque ◽  
José Almenara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Prevalence of DSM-V mental disorders in a cohort of young adults in Ireland

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S271-S271
Author(s):  
Josen McGrane ◽  
Eleanor Carey ◽  
Emmet Power ◽  
Niamh Dooley ◽  
Sean Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Ethical Approval

AimsTo estimate the prevalence of DSM-V mental disorders in a population of Irish emerging adultsBackgroundMental disorders are the leading cause of years lived with disability in youth worldwide. Few studies use gold standard of face to face semi-structured standardized interview tools, and this is a limitation in the estimates of prevalence rates of mental disorder in the extant literature.MethodBriefly, we recruited a representative sample of 212 adolescents and followed them up over ten years. In this wave of the adolescent brain development study, 103 of the initial 212 participants took part, 50 males and 53 females, with a mean age of 20.87 years (SD = 1.3). Psychopathology was assessed in all participants by trained research psychologists and mental health professionals using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V (SCID).Result52.4% of participants had one lifetime mental disorder, the prevalence rates were highest for Major Depressive Episode (25.3%), Social Anxiety (12.6%) and Generalized Anxiety (8.7%). 50.5% had a history of a mental disorder. 27.2% had 1 lifetime diagnosis, 15.5% had 2 and 7.8% had >2.ConclusionRates of mental disorder rapidly increase during emerging adulthood. In a similar Irish study, 55% of young adults met the criteria for lifetime mental disorder. Whilst the rates of mental disorder are high in young people, previous longitudinal research has suggested that many common mental disorders remit by the late twenties. We suggest a need for further research investigating the comparative later functional and economic outcomes of these young people. Research to date is supportive of a need to expand capacity of youth friendly services for prevention and treatment.Ethical ApprovalEthical approval for the study protocols, including interviews and assessments, along with informed consent documents, was granted by the Beaumont Hospital Medical Ethics Committee in 2016.Acknowledgements:1. European Research Council Consolidator Award and Health Research Board Ireland Award to Mary Cannon2. Health Professionals Fellowship from the Health Research Board Ireland to Helen Coughlan.

School and Community - based Youth Mental Health Intervention Studies in India: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Ragaviveka Gopalan ◽  
C Sangeetha ◽  
P Ramakrishnan ◽  
Vijaya Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
School Based ◽  
School And Community ◽  
Mental Health Interventions

BACKGROUND About 70% of mental disorders emerge in late childhood and young peo-ple bear the burden of these disorders throughout life. Yet, to date there has been com-paratively little research on mental health interventions for young people in India and not many attempts have been made to collate the existing literature. This systematic review aims to synthesize the available evidence on school- and community-based mental health interventions for young people in India. METHODS A range of major electronic databases were searched systematically, and the abstracts of relevant papers were independently examined for possible inclusion. Selected papers were read in full text and a standardized set of data items were extracted. RESULTS Four papers met inclusion criteria for the analysis; two studies of school-based interventions for adolescents and two studies evaluating out-of-school community interventions for youth were reviewed. The quality of evidence from the interventions in Indian school and community settings were poor. While two studies evidence the effectiveness of a school-based life skills programme and a community based multicomponent intervention designed to promote youth health, two other studies do not offer sufficient data. CONCLUSION The review findings indicate that the number of interventional studies conducted in India to address youth mental health issues are very limited. Hence, it is extremely difficult to ensure the feasibility and effectiveness of school and community-based interventions in India. Further research is warranted to establish whether interventions promoting youth mental health people can be implemented effectively in Indian settings with positive mental health outcomes. Given the possibility of a huge population of young people at-risk or experiencing mental disorders, evidence for the efficacy of youth mental health interventions is crucial.

scholarly journals Modelling associations between neurocognition and functional course in young people with emerging mental disorders: a longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Crouse ◽  
Kate M. Chitty ◽  
Frank Iorfino ◽  
Joanne S. Carpenter ◽  
Django White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort
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