scholarly journals Psychosis in children of separated parents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ayerbe ◽  
María Pérez-Piñar ◽  
Quintí Foguet-Boreu ◽  
Salma Ayis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Separation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Abstract Background. Parental separation is a very common childhood adversity. The association between other adverse childhood experiences and an increased risk of psychosis has been reported. However, the evidence on the risk of psychosis for children of separated parents is limited. In this systematic review, cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies, comparing the risk of psychotic disorders for people with and without separated parents, were searched, critically appraised, and summarized. Methods. Studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science, from database inception to September 2019. A meta-analysis, using random-effects models, was undertaken to obtain pooled estimates of the risk of psychosis among participants with separated parents. Results. Twelve studies, with 305,652 participants from 22 countries, were included in the review. A significantly increased risk of psychosis for those with separated parents was observed, with a pooled odds ratio: 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–1.76), p < 0.001. The association remained significant when cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies were analyzed separately. The five cohort studies included in this review showed and increased risk of psychosis with odds ratio: 1.47 (95% CI: 1.26–1.69), p < 0.001. Conclusions. Parental separation is a common childhood adversity associated with an increased risk of psychosis. Although the risk for an individual child of separated parents is still low, given the high proportion of couple that separate, the increased rates of psychosis may be substantial in the population. Further studies on the risk of psychosis in those with separated parents, and the explanatory factors for this association, are required.

scholarly journals Neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2021-326405
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Rogers ◽  
Cameron J Watson ◽  
James Badenoch ◽  
Benjamin Cross ◽  
Matthew Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

There is accumulating evidence of the neurological and neuropsychiatric features of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to describe the characteristics of the early literature and estimate point prevalences for neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL up to 18 July 2020 for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series. Studies reporting prevalences of neurological or neuropsychiatric symptoms were synthesised into meta-analyses to estimate pooled prevalence. 13 292 records were screened by at least two authors to identify 215 included studies, of which there were 37 cohort studies, 15 case-control studies, 80 cross-sectional studies and 83 case series from 30 countries. 147 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The symptoms with the highest prevalence were anosmia (43.1% (95% CI 35.2% to 51.3%), n=15 975, 63 studies), weakness (40.0% (95% CI 27.9% to 53.5%), n=221, 3 studies), fatigue (37.8% (95% CI 31.6% to 44.4%), n=21 101, 67 studies), dysgeusia (37.2% (95% CI 29.8% to 45.3%), n=13 686, 52 studies), myalgia (25.1% (95% CI 19.8% to 31.3%), n=66 268, 76 studies), depression (23.0% (95% CI 11.8% to 40.2%), n=43 128, 10 studies), headache (20.7% (95% CI 16.1% to 26.1%), n=64 613, 84 studies), anxiety (15.9% (5.6% to 37.7%), n=42 566, 9 studies) and altered mental status (8.2% (95% CI 4.4% to 14.8%), n=49 326, 19 studies). Heterogeneity for most clinical manifestations was high. Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 in the pandemic’s early phase are varied and common. The neurological and psychiatric academic communities should develop systems to facilitate high-quality methodologies, including more rapid examination of the longitudinal course of neuropsychiatric complications of newly emerging diseases and their relationship to neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers.

scholarly journals First- v. second-generation antipsychotics and risk for diabetes in schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smith ◽  
D. Hopkins ◽  
R. C. Peveler ◽  
R. I. G. Holt ◽  
M. Woodward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

BackgroundThe increased prevalence of diabetes in schizophrenia is partly attributed to antipsychotic treatment, in particular second-generation antipsychotics, but the evidence has not been systematically reviewed.AimsSystematic review and meta-analysis comparing diabetes risk for different antipsychotics in people with schizophrenia.MethodWe searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, CINAHL and Web of Knowledge until September 2006. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the design was cross-sectional, case-control, cohort or a controlled trial in individuals with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders, where second-generation antipsychotics (defined as clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine) were compared with first-generation antipsychotics and diabetes was an outcome. Data were pooled using random effects inverse variance weighted meta-analysis.ResultsOf the studies that met the inclusion criteria (n=14), 11 had sufficient data to include in the meta-analysis. Four of these were retrospective cohort studies. The relative risk of diabetes in patients with schizophrenia prescribed one of the second-generation v. first-generation antipsychotics was 1.32 (95% CI 1.15-1.51). There were insufficient data to include aripiprazole, ziprasidone and amisulpride in this analysis.ConclusionsThere is tentative evidence that the second-generation antipsychotics included in this study are associated with a small increased risk for diabetes compared with firstgeneration antipsychotics in people with schizophrenia. Methodological limitations were found in most studies, leading to heterogeneity and difficulty interpreting data. Regardless of type of antipsychotic, screening for diabetes in all people with schizophrenia should be routine.

The Relationship Between Tooth Loss and Hypertension: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Tada ◽  
Rumi Tano ◽  
Hiroko Miura
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Abstract Understanding association between tooth loss and hypertension is important for improving cardiovascular health. We searched for publications that were published between July 2011 and June 2021 using three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus) and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between tooth loss and hypertension. Quality assessments were performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program guideline, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the GRADE approach. Twenty studies (17 cross-sectional studies, and 3 cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most cross-sectional studies showed that subjects with more tooth loss exhibited a greater proportion of hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure than those with less tooth loss. Meta-analyses revealed a statistically significant association between tooth loss and hypertension. The pooled ORFs of hypertension for having tooth loss with no tooth loss and for edentulous with dentate were 2.22 (95% CI 2.00-2.45) and 4.94 (95% CI: 4.04–6.05), respectively. In cohort studies, subjects with more tooth loss had a greater incidence of hypertension than those with less tooth loss during the follow-up period. The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that tooth loss is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia Might Be Associated with an Increased Risk of Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Xiong ◽  
Junyu Long ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Hai Song
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Hand Osteoarthritis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Background. According to several studies, the autoimmune response may lead to osteoarthritis and dyslipidemia and may affect the homeostasis of the human body’s internal environment and then cause its own immune regulation. Consequently, the risk of osteoarthritis might be increased by dyslipidemia, but this association is not universally acknowledged. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to study the relationship between dyslipidemia and the risk of osteoarthritis. Methods. In this study, PubMed, EMBASE, and the ISI Web of Science were used to identify related studies published before July 2018. The relationship between dyslipidemia and the risk of osteoarthritis was evaluated on the basis of relative risk (RR) values and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To further investigate this relationship, we also employed the random effects model proposed by DerSimonian and Laird. Results. A total of nine studies were included to study the effect of dyslipidemia on the risk of osteoarthritis, including four cohort, three case-control, and two cross-sectional studies. Among these studies, six stated data for knee osteoarthritis, two reported on hand osteoarthritis, and one reported on hip osteoarthritis. A total of 53,955 participants were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 22,501 patients with OA (19,733 hand OA, 2,679 knee OA, and 89 hip OA). Based on the meta-analysis of case-control and cross-sectional studies, osteoarthritis was clearly higher in those with dyslipidemia compared to those who did not suffer from dyslipidemia (case-control: OR=1.37; 95%CI=1.27–1.46; cross-sectional: OR=1.33; 95%CI=1.21-1.46). In addition, the meta-analysis of cohort studies did not present any relationship between dyslipidemia and OA (RR=1.00; 95%CI=0.85–1.14). Conclusions. Even though our meta-analysis of case-control and cross-sectional studies suggested a strong relationship between dyslipidemia and osteoarthritis; this relationship was not validated by our meta-analysis of only cohort studies. As a result, further investigation needs to be conducted on the relationship between dyslipidemia and osteoarthritis, considering the significant public health relevance of the topic.

scholarly journals Abortion and the risk of suicide：a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linli Zheng ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Yonggang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Suicide Behavior ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Abortion had been suggested to be associated with the risk of suicide with inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to assess the association by systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, PsycINFO, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases for all studies investigating the association between abortion and the risk of suicide. We included Studies investigating the association between abortion and the risk of suicide. Two reviewers collected the data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Outcomes included completed suicide, suicide behavior, and suicidal ideation. Data were analyzed by using Revman5.2 software. Results A total of 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 1 case-control study, 6 cohort studies, and 6 cross-sectional studies. The results of meta-analysis showed that, abortion might be associated with increased risk of completed suicide (OR=3.16, 95CI 2.49 to 3.99, P <0.00001), suicide behavior (OR=1.92, 95CI 1.64 to 2.26, P <0.00001) and suicidal ideation (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.32 to 1.75, P <0.00001).Conclusions The current meta-analysis suggested that abortion might be associated with increased risk of suicide. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.

scholarly journals The neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Rogers ◽  
Cameron Watson ◽  
James Badenoch ◽  
Benjamin Cross ◽  
Matthew Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Objectives There is accumulating evidence of the neurological and neuropsychiatric features of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to describe the characteristics of the early literature and estimate point prevalences for neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL up to 18 July 2020 for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series. Studies reporting prevalences of neurological or neuropsychiatric symptoms were synthesised into meta-analyses to estimate pooled prevalence. Results 13,292 records were screened by at least two authors to identify 215 included studies, of which there were 37 cohort studies, 15 case-control studies, 80 cross-sectional studies and 83 case series from 30 countries. 147 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The symptoms with the highest prevalence were anosmia (43.1% [35.2-51.3], n=15,975, 63 studies), weakness (40.0% [27.9-53.5], n=221, 3 studies), fatigue (37.8% [31.6-44.4], n=21,101, 67 studies), dysgeusia (37.2% [30.0-45.3], n=13,686, 52 studies), myalgia (25.1% [19.8-31.3], n=66.268, 76 studies), depression (23.0 % [11.8-40.2], n=43,128, 10 studies), headache (20.7% [95% CI 16.1-26.1], n=64,613, 84 studies), anxiety (15.9% [5.6-37.7], n=42,566, 9 studies) and altered mental status (8.2% [4.4-14.8], n=49,326, 19 studies). Heterogeneity for most clinical manifestations was high. Conclusions Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 in the pandemic's early phase are varied and common. The neurological and psychiatric academic communities should develop systems to facilitate high-quality methodologies, including more rapid examination of the longitudinal course of neuropsychiatric complications of newly emerging diseases and their relationship to neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers.

scholarly journals Association between Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in the Serum and Adipose Tissue with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadolah Fakhri ◽  
Amir Sheikhmohammadi ◽  
Abotaleb Bay ◽  
Yahya Zandsalimi ◽  
Bigard Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

<p>The number of diabetics is growing every day. In addition to the main risk factors of type 2 diabetes (obesity, age and etc.) other environmental risk factors such as persistent organic pollutants are also considered. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene is one of the persistent organic pollutants which are produced by the pesticide DDT metabolized and its effects of type 2 diabetes are taken into consideration of many investigators. Inconsistency in the results caused to try to achieve a detailed assessment of the effect of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene on type 2 diabetes by systematic review and meta-analysis. In this review study after a systematic review, finally 6 prospective and 7 cross-sectional studies were obtained. After approving the heterogeneity of the studies based on random effect model, it was calculate the mean of odds ratio. Meta-analysis of the pooled random effects of Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene was done with type 2 diabetes in prospective and cross-sectional studies. In prospective studies, the highest and lowest odds ratio was 6.1(95%CI: 1.36-27.27) and 1.01(95%CI: 0.59-1.70) and cross-sectional studies was 5.5(95%CI: 1.2-25.10) and 0.61(95%CI: 0.32-1.15), respectively. In the all studies (sum of prospective and cross-sectional), in the random effect model odds ratio was 1.52 (95%CI: 1.26-1.84) and heterogeneity was 52.1% (ρ<sub>heterogeneity</sub>=0.009). Increasing concentration of Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in the serum and adipose tissue increased the risk of type 2 diabetes significantly (P&lt;0.001). The results of this review study support the role of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene as an environmental risk factor for type 2 diabetes.</p>

scholarly journals Association Between Prediabetes and Erectile Dysfunction: A Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyu Jin ◽  
Shaoying Yuan ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Luqi Yi ◽  
Chenxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

BackgroundDiabetes has been associated with the increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, previous studies evaluating the association between prediabetes and ED showed inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to systematically evaluate the above association.MethodsRelevant observational studies were retrieved by search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A random-effect model which incorporated the potential intra-study heterogeneity was used for the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the influences of study characteristics on the outcome.ResultsNine studies (five matched case-control studies and four cross-sectional studies) were included. Age were adjusted or matched in all of the studies. Pooled results showed that compared to men with normoglycemia, men with prediabetes were associated with higher prevalence of ED (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.28 to 2.07, P &lt; 0.001; I2 = 78%). Subgroup analyses showed that the association was not significantly affected by definition of prediabetes, diagnostic tool for ED, or controlling of additional variables besides age (both P for subgroup difference &gt; 0.05). However, the association between prediabetes and ED seemed to be stronger in case-control studies than that in cross-sectional studies, and in studies with younger men (mean age &lt; 50 years) than in those with older men (mean age ≥ 50 years; both P for subgroup difference &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsPrediabetes is associated with higher prevalence of ED, which may be independent of age of the males and may be stronger in young men.

Executive functions in children with heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
William M. Jackson ◽  
Nicholas Davis ◽  
Johanna Calderon ◽  
Jennifer J. Lee ◽  
Nicole Feirsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Context: People with CHD are at increased risk for executive functioning deficits. Meta-analyses of these measures in CHD patients compared to healthy controls have not been reported. Objective: To examine differences in executive functions in individuals with CHD compared to healthy controls. Data sources: We performed a systematic review of publications from 1 January, 1986 to 15 June, 2020 indexed in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Study selection: Inclusion criteria were (1) studies containing at least one executive function measure; (2) participants were over the age of three. Data extraction: Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors. We used a shifting unit-of-analysis approach and pooled data using a random effects model. Results: The search yielded 61,217 results. Twenty-eight studies met criteria. A total of 7789 people with CHD were compared with 8187 healthy controls. We found the following standardised mean differences: −0.628 (−0.726, −0.531) for cognitive flexibility and set shifting, −0.469 (−0.606, −0.333) for inhibition, −0.369 (−0.466, −0.273) for working memory, −0.334 (−0.546, −0.121) for planning/problem solving, −0.361 (−0.576, −0.147) for summary measures, and −0.444 (−0.614, −0.274) for reporter-based measures (p < 0.001). Limitations: Our analysis consisted of cross-sectional and observational studies. We could not quantify the effect of collinearity. Conclusions: Individuals with CHD appear to have at least moderate deficits in executive functions. Given the growing population of people with CHD, more attention should be devoted to identifying executive dysfunction in this vulnerable group.

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