Sex Differences in Service Usage in Long-Term Psychiatric Care

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (S10) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Perkins ◽  
Len A. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Female Patients

There is a paucity of research concerning service usage and needs of female long-term psychiatric patients. A series of studies comparing the provisions for chronically mentally ill men and women in a south London community-focused rehabilitation and continuing care service indicate marked differences in the services received by men and women, and raise questions concerning whether the needs of female patients are adequately served. As a group the women had been in contact with services for longer, had received less intensive input from services, and it appeared that the services had been less responsive to their changing needs. Among those in high contact with the services, the functioning of men and women did not differ, yet women were over-represented in workshops designed for those functioning at a lower level. Women over 45 years of age seemed to be particularly badly served by the organised activities offered.

Occupational Therapy and Dietetic Therapy with a Group of Female Psychiatric Patients: An Evaluation of Outcome

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila H Merriman ◽  
Kay Kench
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Video Feedback ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Term Care

Eight female patients attended up to eight group sessions run conjointly by an occupational therapist and a dietitian. Video feedback was used during the course of sessions. The patients were all residents in long-term care in the Continuing Care Division of St Andrew's Hospital and had been identified by medical staff as wishing to lose weight and having scope for improvement in posture and/or appearance. Seven of the eight subjects lost weight [mean loss (n=8) 1.18 kg: range −3.1 kg to +2.4 kg]. There was a significant weight loss in these seven subjects (t=3.669, df=6, significant at 0.01 level). The authors judged that there had been improvement in one or more areas of posture and/or appearance in seven of the eight patients.

scholarly journals Netflix and Chill? What Sex Differences Can Tell Us About Mate Preferences in (Hypothetical) Booty-Call Relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470491881213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evita March ◽  
George Van Doorn ◽  
Rachel Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Women’S Preferences

The booty-call relationship is defined by both sexual characteristics and emotional involvement. In the current study, men’s and women’s preferences for a booty-call mate were explored. Men and women were predicted to exhibit different mate preferences depending on whether they considered a booty-call relationship a short- or long-term relationship. Participants ( N = 559, 74% women) completed an anonymous online questionnaire, designing their ideal booty-call mate using the mate dollars paradigm. Both sexes considered the physical attractiveness and kindness of a booty-call mate a necessity, expressing both short- and long-term mate preferences. The current study highlights the need to explore mate preferences outside the dichotomy of short- and long-term relationships, providing evidence of a compromise relationship.

scholarly journals Assessment of Long-Term Mate Preferences in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 147470491770245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atari
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mating Psychology ◽  
Male Specific

Previous research suggests that assessment of mate preferences has received relatively little psychometric attention from researchers, particularly in non-Western cultures. The current research was designed to (1) extend previous findings on long-term mate preferences by using a qualitative strategy, (2) develop a psychometrically sound scale for assessment of long-term mate preferences in men, and (3) develop a sex-neutral scale for assessment of long-term mate preferences. Six dimensions of mate preferences emerged for men: F = family/domesticity, A = attractiveness/sexuality, K = kindness/dependability, E = education/intelligence, R = religiosity/chastity, and S = status/resources. These male-specific dimensions of mate preferences showed satisfactory concurrent and convergent validity as well as high internal consistency coefficients. We mixed the female- and male-specific measures of mate preferences and arrived at 20 characteristics without culture- or sex-specific content. We further hypothesized that the 20-item scale of mate preferences would have a five-factor structure (i.e., kindness/dependability, attractiveness/sexuality, status/resources, education/intelligence, religiosity/chastity [KASER]) in men and women and that this model would replicate sex differences cited in the evolutionary psychological literature. Measurement invariance was evidenced across sexes and sex differences accorded with those in the literature. Therefore, the five-factor model of long-term mate preferences (i.e., KASER model) as measured by the Iranian Mate Preferences Scale-20 may be used to evaluate long-term mate preferences in men and women in Iran. Limitations are noted and future directions are discussed in the light of evolutionary perspective on human mating psychology.

The TAPS Project. 12: Crime, Vagrancy, Death and Readmission of the Long-Term Mentally Ill During Their First Year of Local Reprovision

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (S19) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dayson
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
First Year ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Mental Deterioration ◽  
Mental Hospitals

The extent of crime, vagrancy, death, and readmission in a prospective cohort of long-term mentally ill patients was measured during their first year out of hospital. All 278 long-stay psychiatric patients discharged during the first three years (1985-1988) of the closure of Friern and Claybury Hospitals were included. One patient was imprisoned, one committed suicide, and one became vagrant; five others may also have become vagrant. The mortality rate was similar for the leavers and their matched controls, who remained in hospital. There was one suicide among the matches. Mental deterioration most often caused readmission. On recovery, most patients returned to their community home. Six per cent of the cohort were readmitted and have remained in hospital for a year or more. With careful planning and a financial ‘dowry’ for each patient, the closure of large mental hospitals does not lead to a marked increase in vagrancy, crime, and mortality for the long-term mentally ill. However, the patients who have yet to leave have more problems of social behaviour and are likely to be more difficult to resettle.

Outcomes for Psychiatric Patients following First Admission: Relationships with Voluntary and Involuntary Treatment and Ethnicity

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1012-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberlyn Gray Houston ◽  
Marco Mariotto ◽  
J. Ray Hays
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Severely Mentally Ill ◽  
Desirable Outcome ◽  
Admission Status ◽  
Male Patients

Research suggests that there are ethnic differences in hospitalization outcomes for severely mentally ill patients. This study examined ethnic and sex differences in admission status, rapid readmission, and discharge placement of 487 patients on their first psychiatric admission. There were sex differences in admission status with significantly more male patients being involuntarily admitted than female patients. Ethnic differences in placement at discharge were not supported, but involuntarily admitted patients were over-represented in the less desirable outcome categories.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Motivation for Viewing Sexually Arousing Images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Kobayashi ◽  
Koyo Nakamura ◽  
Katsumi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Sexual Motivation ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Opposite Sex

AbstractSexual motivation strongly influences mate choice and dating behavior and can be triggered by merely viewing sexually arousing visual images, such as erotic pictures and movies. Previous studies suggested that men, more than women, tend to search for sexual cues that signal promiscuity in short-term mates. However, it remains to be tested whether sex differences in the motivation to view sexual cues can be observed by using robust and well-controlled behavioral measures. To this end, we employed a pay-per-view key-pressing task. Japanese self-identified heterosexual male and female participants viewed images of men, women, or couples with two levels of sexual arousal (sexual vs. less sexual). Participants could alter the viewing time of a presented image according to their willingness to keep viewing it. Male participants were the most eager to view sexually arousing images of the opposite sex, whereas female participants were more strongly motivated to view less sexual images of couples. Such sex differences may reflect differentiated reproductive strategies between men and women in terms of men’s motivation toward promiscuity and women’s motivation toward long-term relationships.

scholarly journals Sex differences in short-and long-term survival among critically ill patients with sepsis: a real-world study using propensity scoring methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Lin ◽  
Shanhui Ge ◽  
Wanmei He ◽  
Lihong Bai ◽  
Mian Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background At present, there have been studies showing a correlation between sex differences and prognosis. Nevertheless, the evidence of short- and long-term survival of sex-based differences among critically ill patients with sepsis is still limited and controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex on the short- and long-term survival of critically ill patients with sepsis. Methods We used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to determine the relationship of 28-day and 1-year mortality rates with a different sex. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted to test whether the effect of sex differed across various subgroups. Results A total of 12,321 patients were enrolled in this study. After adjustments, the 28-day and 1-year mortality rates for female patients were reduced by 12% and 10%, respectively (HR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.96 and HR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.95) when compared to male patients. The effects of the association between sex and 28-day and 1-year mortality were broadly consistent for all subgroup variables. Only a significant interaction of age was observed in 1-year mortality (P = 0.0091). Compared with male patients, female patients (< 50 years) had better long-term survival advantages (HR 0.76 95% CI 0.62–0.94, P = 0.0124); on the contrary, for older patients (≥ 50 years), we did not find sex-based differences in long-term survival (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97–1.09, P = 0.3678). Conclusions In the current retrospective large database review, female patients had a significantly lower 28-day and 1-year mortality rates than did males among critically ill patients with sepsis. Of concern, there was an interaction between age and sex, and whether to suggest that female-associated hormones affect clinical outcomes needs to be further researched.

Sex Differences in Patients With Suspected Cardiac Sarcoidosis Assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Kalra ◽  
Shray Malik ◽  
Ko-Hsuan Amy Chen ◽  
Fredrick Ogugua ◽  
Pal Satyajit Singh Athwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients

Background: There are few data on sex differences in suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. Methods: Consecutive patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis and suspected cardiac involvement were studied. We investigated sex differences in presenting features, cardiac involvement, and the long-term incidence of a primary composite end point of all-cause death or significant ventricular arrhythmia and secondary end points of all-cause death and significant ventricular arrhythmia. Results: Among 324 patients, 163 (50.3%) were female and 161 (49.7%) were male patients. Female patients had a greater prevalence of chest pain (37.4% versus 23.6%; P =0.010) and palpitations (39.3% versus 26.1%; P =0.016) than male patients but not dyspnea, presyncope, syncope, or arrhythmias at presentation. Female patients had a lower prevalence of late gadolinium enhancement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (20.2% versus 35.4%; P =0.003) and less often met criteria for a clinical diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (Heart Rhythm Society consensus criteria, 22.7% versus 36.0%; P =0.012 and 2016 Japanese Circulation Society guideline criteria, 8.0% versus 19.3%; P =0.005), indicating lesser cardiac involvement. However, the long-term incidence of all-cause death or significant ventricular arrhythmia was not different between female and male patients (23.2% versus 23.2%; P =0.46). Among the secondary end points, the incidence of all-cause death was not different between female and male patients (20.7% versus 14.3%; P =0.51), while female patients had a lower incidence of significant ventricular arrhythmia compared with male patients (4.3% versus 13.0%; P =0.022). On multivariable analyses, sex was not associated with the primary end point (hazard ratio for female patients, 1.36 [95% CI, 0.77–2.43]; P =0.29). Conclusions: We observed distinct sex differences in patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. A paradox was identified wherein female patients had a greater prevalence of chest pain and palpitations than male patients, but lesser cardiac involvement, and a similar long-term incidence of all-cause death or significant ventricular arrhythmia.

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