Emotional responses of oncologists when disclosing prognostic information to patients with terminal disease: Results of qualitative data from a mailed survey to ASCO members

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8520-8520 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wallace ◽  
F. J. Hlubocky ◽  
C. K. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Gift Card ◽  
Mailed Survey

8520 Background: Prior studies describe physician reluctance to reveal prognostic information to advanced cancer patients (acp), but little data exists describing their actual disclosure practices. Methods: A mailed survey was conducted to assess medical oncologists’ (MOs) self-reported behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes regarding prognostic conversations with terminally ill acp. Following letter pre-notification, surveys were mailed to a systematic sample of 1,222 MOs with U.S. addresses listed in the 2004 ASCO Membership Directory. Surveys contained a $25 gift card. The survey included qualitative questions eliciting emotional responses when communicating prognostic information to acp. Results: 729 surveys were completed and returned (60% response rate) with 654 providing qualitative responses (90%). The median age was 51 (range, 34–80) with male predominance (80%). Practice representation was: 56% (private), 23% (academic-based) and 20% (other active practice). MOs most commonly (47%) expressed negative emotions including sadness, pain, depression, heartache, feelings of loss, guilt, anxiety, stress, and finally discomfort with how their patient might react. They reported these conversations as unhappy, unpleasant, frustrating, and bothersome. They also described them as difficult, hard, exhausting and/or draining. 31% of MOs reported empathy, sympathy, compassion, caring, supportiveness, comfort, or being calm during prognostic disclosure. 14% reported positive feelings including optimism, hope, helpfulness, gratification, reward, or relief. 11% related emotional objectivity, detachment, control, or neutrality. Finally, MOs responses listed younger acp age as being a determinant of negative emotions. Conclusions: Negative emotions are more commonly described by MOs when asked to discuss their feelings toward prognostic disclosure. A lesser proportion described objectivity or a lack of emotion. Some related positive emotions. This qualitative data provides a greater explanation for MOs reluctance to disclose prognostic information. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals The effects of constructive television news reporting on prosocial intentions and behavior in children: The role of negative emotions and self-efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris van Venrooij ◽  
Tobias Sachs ◽  
Mariska Kleemans
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Television News ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
News Story ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
News Video ◽  
Prosocial Intentions ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract To reduce negative emotional responses and to stimulate prosociality, constructive journalism promotes the inclusion of positive emotions and solutions in news. This study experimentally tested whether including those elements indeed increased prosocial intentions and behavior among children, and whether negative emotions and self-efficacy are mediators in this regard. To this end, children (N = 468; 9 to 13 years old) were exposed to an emotion-based, solution-based, or non-constructive news video. Results showed that emotion-based and solution-based news reduced children’s negative emotions compared to non-constructive news. No direct effects for prosocial intentions were found, but solution-based news led to less prosocial behavior (i. e., money donated) than emotion-based and non-constructive news. Moreover, negative emotions served as a mediator, self-efficacy did not. The more negative emotions were elicited by a news story, the higher the prosocial intentions and behavior. In conclusion, a constructive style of reporting helps to reduce children’s negative emotional responses but subsequently hinders prosociality.

scholarly journals Investigating User Emotional Responses to Eco-Feedback Designs

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifang Bao ◽  
Edward Burnell ◽  
Ann M. Hughes ◽  
Maria C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Feedback Design ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Highly Correlated

Emotional responses to a product can be critical in influencing how the product will be used. This study explores the emotions that arise from users' interaction with eco-feedback products, and investigates links between emotions and users' resource conservation behaviors. In-lab experiments were conducted with 68 participants of varying backgrounds. Each participant was shown sketches of four conceptual designs of eco-feedback products and reported how they would feel and behave in different scenarios using the products. Two styles of eco-feedback design, quantitative and figurative, were compared to each other and were compared to neutral designs, which had little or no feedback information. Results showed that taking resource conservation actions such as turning off lights was highly correlated with negative emotions toward wasting resources, such as guilt, upset, embarrassment, and annoyance. Users' evaluations of esthetics, usefulness, and overall quality of eco-feedback products, however, were highly correlated with positive emotions toward resource conservation, described as satisfied, proud, interested, and joyful. Figurative designs were observed to evoke much stronger emotions among younger participants than older ones. Ultimately, we hope our findings are useful to the designers of eco-feedback products.

scholarly journals Integrative View of Emotion and the Dedication-Constraint Model in the Case of Coffee Chain Retailers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daekil Kim ◽  
Byoungsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Price Fairness ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Constraint Model ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

: Following the phenomenal growth of and competition among coffee chain retailers, the coffee chain market has expanded substantially thanks to rising income levels, the increasing young population, and rapidly changing lifestyles. Attracting consumers’ attention and enhancing their loyalty behaviors have become very difficult for coffee chain retailers. This study seeks to understand the mechanisms through which emotions and the dedication-constraint model lead to brand loyalty and willingness to pay more to certain coffee chain retailers. Emotions and the dedication-constraint model are major factors in the research, but few studies have combined them to examine the formation of loyalty behaviors. This study synthesizes emotional responses and the dedication-constraint model to develop a theoretical model. Based on the ambivalent view of emotions, it also examines how positive and negative emotions affect the combination of brand loyalty and willingness to pay more to certain coffee chain retailers. Moreover, it identifies the antecedents of affective and calculative commitments in the context of coffee chain retailers. Our findings indicate that loyalty behaviors (dedication- and constraint-based mechanisms from brand loyalty and willingness to pay more to certain coffee chain retailers), emotional responses, and affective and calculative commitments significantly affect brand loyalty directly and indirectly through both positive and negative emotions. Furthermore, service quality, physical environment quality, and price fairness significantly affect affective commitments, while price fairness significantly affects both affective and calculative commitments. Finally, affective and calculative commitments significantly affect willingness to pay more, both directly and indirectly, through positive emotions and affect it directly through negative emotions. The results’ theoretical and managerial implications and possible future research directions are discussed.

Neurocognitive Effects of Incentivizing Students to Improve Performance Through Repeat Attempts in Design Settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devanshi Shah ◽  
Elisabeth Kames ◽  
Beshoy Morkos
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gift Card ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The goal of the study is to examine the effectiveness of using an incentivized “test/retest” scenario to improve participants’ performance during stressful situations. The study makes use of an electroencephalography (EEG) machine to detect participants’ stress levels during a one-minute typing test. The typing test administered was a standard, “story-typing” test. A total of 23 student participants were randomly divided into two cohorts: the control cohort and the experimental cohort. Participants were asked to complete a preliminary questionnaire self-assessing their ability to handle stressful situations. Both cohorts were then asked to complete the typing test (hereafter referred to as T1) and fill out an Emotional Stress Reaction Questionnaire (ESRQ), indicating their emotions during the typing test. The participants were then asked to complete the typing test and accompanying ESRQ a second time (hereafter referred to as T2). However, prior to the second test, the participants in the experimental cohort were told that the participant that shows the most improvement in their typing speed (measured in words per minute) will receive a $100 gift card. This stimulus is used to increase the already stressful situation for the experimental cohort and examine whether participants’ brain activity changes when the “retest” is incentivized. Each participant’s EEG data and heartrate were measured through the duration of the experiment and t-tests and regression analyses were used to determine if a statistically significant difference existed between cohorts (control vs. experimental) or within cohorts (T1 vs. T2). The results show that there were no significant changes in brain activity, emotions, or typing performance for the control group of participants (no reward offered). However, the experimental group showed an increase in EEG sensor activity; specifically, the sensors that control vision and emotion. Interestingly, the participant’s performance was found to be correlated to their emotional responses, rather than their EEG sensor data. Additionally, the experimental groups’ positive emotions were increased for the second typing test, which is incentivized. The findings lay a foundation for design settings scenarios where preparatory practices can be incorporated.

Regret

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Rachel Chrastil
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Voluntary Childlessness ◽  
Childless Women ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Looking Back

Childless women often anticipate that they will regret not having children. How does regret play out in terms of childlessness? This chapter examines the feeling of regret through a variety of lenses: Do childless people experience fewer positive emotions and more negative emotions than parents? How does voluntary childlessness differ from involuntary childlessness? How do measures of life satisfaction differ from measures of positive feelings? What do studies of older women looking back on their lives reveal about their regrets? Do parents ever regret having had children? Finally, what are the limitations to allowing the fear of regret to drive our decisions?

Intensity of Emotions Conveyed and Elicited by Familiar and Unfamiliar Music

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Omar Ali ◽  
Zehra F. Peynircioǧǧlu
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses

WE REPLICATED PREVIOUS FINDINGS AND DEMONSTRATED that familiarity with musical stimuli increased 'liking' or 'preference' for the stimuli. We also demonstrated that familiarity increased the intensity of emotional responses to music, but only when the stimuli were made highly familiar through en masse repetitions (Experiment 3) rather than through interspersed repetitions (Experiment 1). In addition, intensity ratings were higher when participants were asked to judge the emotion conveyed by the music than when they were asked to judge the emotion elicited by the same music (Experiments 2 and 3). Finally, positive emotions (i.e., happy and calm) were rated higher compared with negative emotions (i.e., sad and angry) for both types of ratings (i.e., conveyed or elicited). The findings suggest that familiarity plays a role in modulating a listener's emotional response to music.

scholarly journals Humorous Coping and Serious Reappraisal: Short-Term and Longer-Term Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Samson ◽  
Alana L. Glassco ◽  
Ihno A. Lee ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Negative Stimuli

The management of unhelpful negative emotions has been addressed by two literatures, one focused on coping via humor, and the other focused on emotion regulation. In the present study, we directly compared humorous coping with conventional (serious) reappraisal. We expected humorous coping to be more effective than serious reappraisal in the short and longer term. Fifty-seven participants used either humorous coping, serious reappraisal, or attended naturally while viewing negative pictures and then rated their positive and negative emotional responses. One week later, participants viewed and rated the pictures again. In the short-term, while humorous coping was more difficult than serious reappraisal, it was more effective in down-regulating negative and up-regulating positive emotions. In the longer-term, both strategies had beneficial effects on positive emotions while humorous coping was more beneficial than serious reappraisal in down-regulating negative emotions. This is the first study that empirically shows short and longer-term beneficial effects of humorous coping versus serious reappraisal in the context of emotions elicited by negative stimuli.

Physiological and Emotional Arousal Guide Metacognitive Reporting and Recall of Naturalistic Experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Stasiak ◽  
William J Mitchell ◽  
Samantha Reisman ◽  
David F. Gregory ◽  
Vishnu P. Murty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Affective States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Emotional Events

As individuals navigate the world, they are bound to have emotionally intense experiences. These events not only influence momentary physiological and affective responses, but also have a powerful impact on emotional recall. In this research, we leveraged a haunted house to examine how such experiences impact arousal, metacognitive reporting, and recall of affective states. Participants (n=54, M age= 24.22, SD age = 3.97, 26 female) first navigated a haunted house while heart rate and explicit emotional responses were recorded, then recalled specific events from the haunted house and the intensity of these emotional events one week later. We found that participants recalled experiencing both positive and negative emotions, and that while physiological arousal predicted both reports of fear intensity in the moment and upon recall, it did not predict recalled intensity of positive emotions. Further, we found a divergence between experienced and recalled fear intensity, contingent upon affective categorizations of events.

scholarly journals American older adults in COVID-19 Times: Vulnerability types, aging attitudes and emotional responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqi Fu ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Qilin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Positive Aging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aging Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The coronavirus disease aroused challenges to the emotional well-being of vulnerable older adults in hard-hit areas. This study investigates different vulnerability types among American older adults and how modes of vulnerability are associated with aging attitudes and emotional responses. Methods: Using Latent Class Analysis, we investigated 2003 respondents aged over 50 from HRS. Hierarchical linear regressions with the affective profile as cluster identity were used to examine the relationship between vulnerability type and positive aging attitudes with positive and negative emotional responses. Results: We detected three vulnerability types among American older adults: the slight vulnerability (72%), the healthcare use vulnerability (19%), and the dual vulnerabilities (9%). No significant difference in positive emotions was found between vulnerability types. However, more negative emotions were found among older adults with healthcare use vulnerability (B=0.746, SE=0.759) and dual vulnerabilities (B=1.186, SE=0.274) than those with slight vulnerability. Positive aging attitudes associate with more positive emotions (B=0.266, SE=0.017) but less negative emotions (B=-0.183, SE=0.016) and had significant moderation effects on the relationship between vulnerability types and negative emotional responses (B=-0.118, SE=0.045). Conclusion: Older adults' emotional well-being should not be neglected as they deserve the support of prevention and intervention strategies, in particular when they have vulnerabilities in healthcare use and financial sustainment. Female, non-white races, and those aged below 65, been uncoupled, less educated, and with ADL difficulties should prioritize.

scholarly journals American Older Adults in COVID-19 Times: Vulnerability Types, Aging Attitudes and Emotional Responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqi Fu ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Qilin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Positive Aging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aging Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The Coronavirus disease aroused challenges to the emotional well-being of vulnerable older adults in hard-hit areas. This study investigates different vulnerability types among American older adults and how modes of vulnerability are associated with aging attitudes and emotional responses. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 2003 American respondents aged over 50 from the Health and Retirement survey. Emotional responses and aging attitudes were assessed with I-PANAS-SF and ATOT. The vulnerability was evaluated by 16 kinds of difficulties people had during the pandemic. We used Latent class analysis to identify the vulnerability pattern of individuals. Hierarchical linear regressions were further used to examine the relationship between vulnerability type and positive aging attitudes with positive and negative emotional responses. Results: We detected three vulnerability types among American older adults: the slight vulnerability (72%), the healthcare use vulnerability (19%), and the dual vulnerabilities (9%). No significant difference in positive emotions was found between vulnerability types. However, more negative emotions were found among older adults with healthcare use vulnerability (B=0.746, SE=0.759) and dual vulnerabilities (B=1.186, SE=0.274) than those with slight vulnerability. Positive aging attitudes associate with more positive emotions (B=0.266, SE=0.017) but less negative emotions (B=-0.183, SE=0.016) and had significant moderation effects on the relationship between vulnerability types and negative emotional responses (B=-0.118, SE=0.045). Conclusion: Older adults' emotional well-being should not be neglected as they deserve the support of prevention and intervention strategies, in particular when they have vulnerabilities in healthcare use and financial sustainment. Female, non-white races, and those aged below 65, been uncoupled, less educated, and with ADL difficulties should prioritize.

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