Prevalence and temporal trends of prescription drug use in cancer survivors: A population study, 2001 to 2016.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12023-12023
Author(s):  
Elisa Liu ◽  
Sylvia Christine Kurz ◽  
Jiyoung Ahn ◽  
Erik P. Sulman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Financial Burdens

12023 Background: The burden of prescription drug use is higher in cancer survivors than the general population. We examined the prevalence and temporal trends of prescription drug use among cancer survivors, with an emphasis on central nervous system (CNS) active medications used to manage long-term cancer sequelae. Methods: Adult respondents with (n=3207) and without (n=40,440) a prior cancer diagnosis from 8 cycles (2001-2016) of the National Health and Nutritional Examinational Survey (NHANES) were evaluated for prescription drug usage. Cross-sectional analyses and temporal trends across cycles were evaluated and weighted to represent the US adult population. Results: Cancer survivors report higher rates of prescription drug usage (85.1% vs 54.3%, p<0.001, and 75.8%, p<0.001) and polypharmacy (27.8% vs 10.7%, p<0.001, and 22.7%, p<0.001) than both unadjusted and age-adjusted controls. Younger survivors report greater usage of CNS (36.8% vs 13.1%, p<0.001), psychotherapeutic (18.4% vs 7.7%, p<0.001), hormonal agents (19.1% vs 10.1%, p=0.003), and gastrointestinal (10.7% vs 4.7%, p=0.02) than controls, while differences are attenuated in older cohorts. Among broad drug categories, the usage of cardiovascular (p-trend<0.001), metabolic (p-trend<0.001), and immunologic agents (p-trend=0.01) has increased. Among CNS active subclasses, the usage of anticonvulsants (p-trend<0.001), anxiolytics (p-trend =0.02), narcotics (p-trend=0.02) and GABA analogs (p-trend<0.001) has increased. When comparing respondents with and without a history of cancer, the increased usage of anti-depressant prescription medications (18.3% vs 1.5% p<0.001), including SSRIs (11.2% vs 1.0%, p<0.001), SSNRIs (3.5% vs 0.3%, p<0.001), tricyclics (2.8% vs 0.1%, p<0.001), among cancer survivors was disproportionate compared to the increased proportion of positive depression screens (9.2% vs 7.0%, p=0.006). Conclusions: Cancer survivors report higher prescription drug use for both chronic conditions and late effects of cancer. The usage of CNS active medications, many of which are used on and off label for their pain management properties, has increased. The higher rates of pharmaceutical use may result in unanticipated long-term toxicities and financial burdens.

Prescription Drug and Healthcare Use Among Swedish Patients Treated with Antidepressants

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Al Bingefors ◽  
Dag Gl Isacson ◽  
Lars Von Knorring ◽  
Björn Smedby
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Drug Use

Objective: To analyze healthcare and prescription drug use among patients taking and those not taking antidepressant drugs in a Swedish community. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: General population of the rural Swedish municipality Tierp of approximately 20 000 inhabitants. Participants: All residents of Tierp aged 25 years or older during 1988. Main Outcome Measures: Mean number of ambulatory care visits, hospital bed days, and prescriptions per person; proportion of those taking prescription drugs in different pharmacologic classes. Results: Patients treated with antidepressant drugs had a significantly (p < 0.05) greater use of ambulatory care, hospital care, and prescription drugs than those who did not take antidepressants in the study population. They also had an increased frequency of use of prescription drugs from virtually all pharmacologic classes. Furthermore, the risk for polypharmacy was high in patients treated with antidepressant medications. Conclusions: Those who took antidepressant drugs consumed more health services and prescription drugs than did those not taking an antidepressant. Patients receiving antidepressant treatment may be at serious risk for iatrogenic disease and should be evaluated carefully with respect to concomitant drug use.

Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Adults in Their Late Twenties: The Importance of Social Bonding Trajectories

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhao Y. Yang ◽  
Tingzhong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug Use

Although weak social bonds are found to be associated with addictive behaviors in cross-sectional studies, few studies have explored the longitudinal impacts of social bonds on nonmedical prescription drug use (NPDU). This study adopted a developmental perspective on social bonds and tested how their different trajectories are associated with NPDU among adults. With panel surveys from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health from 1994 to 2008, this study employed group-based latent trajectory modeling to obtain the different trajectories of social bonds including religious, civic, familial, educational, and marital, and then used them as predictors of NPDU while controlling for potential confounders and the baseline NPDU. The findings show that constant and high-level social bonds significantly reduce the risk of NPDU, except for educational bond. However, for religious, civic, and educational bonds, the “low initial” trajectories are not significantly different from the “high-decrease” trajectories, implying that strong early-life social bonds do not prevent NPDU if such bonds register a recent decline. Weak social bonds constitute significant risk of NPDU for adults in their late twenties, and recent social bonds override the contribution of early-life bonds in most cases. Policy makers may consider strategies to sustain the active and meaningful participation in conventional institutions, and not solely rely on programs that facilitate early-life social integration.

scholarly journals Prescription Drug Use and Polypharmacy Among Medicaid-Enrolled Adults with Autism: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rini Vohra ◽  
Suresh Madhavan ◽  
Usha Sambamoorthi ◽  
Claire StPeter ◽  
Susannah Poe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use by College Students for Recreational and Instrumental Purposes: Assessing the Differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Pino ◽  
Hassan Tajalli ◽  
Chad L. Smith ◽  
William DeSoto
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug Use

Nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) is a serious issue on college campuses. We examine the factors affecting instrumental and recreational NMPDU within the same sample, and test the efficacy of learning and strain theories in predicting NMPDU for both instrumental and recreational use. This cross-sectional study utilizes survey data gathered from a convenient but representative sample ( n = 2,466) of students attending a large public university in the Southwestern United States. There is support for learning theory, but not for strain theory, in predicting both recreational and instrumental use. Logistic regression analyses also show that while marijuana smokers, illicit street drug users, and those possessing less of an academic ethic are more likely to partake in NMPDU for both recreational and instrumental purposes, the predictors for recreational and instrumental NMPDU differ in interesting ways with regard to race, gender, binge drinking, living arrangement, and Greek organization membership.

scholarly journals Comparison and validation of screening tools for substance use in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study conducted in Maryland prenatal clinics

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e020248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria H Coleman-Cowger ◽  
Emmanuel A Oga ◽  
Erica N Peters ◽  
Kathleen Trocin ◽  
Bartosz Koszowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
The Usa

IntroductionPrescription-drug use in the USA has increased by more than 60% in the last three decades. Prevalence of prescription-drug use among pregnant women is currently estimated around 50%. Prevalence of illicit drug use in the USA is 14.6% among pregnant adolescents, 8.6% among pregnant young adults and 3.2% among pregnant adults. The first step in identifying problematic drug use during pregnancy is screening; however, no specific substance-use screener has been universally recommended for use with pregnant women to identify illicit or prescription-drug use. This study compares and validates three existing substance-use screeners for pregnancy—4 P’s Plus, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Quick Screen/Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and the Substance Use Risk Profile-Pregnancy (SURP-P) scale.Methods and analysisThis is a cross-sectional study designed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and usability of existing substance-use screeners. Recruitment occurs at two obstetrics clinics in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. We are recruiting 500 participants to complete a demographic questionnaire, NIDA Quick Screen/ASSIST, 4 P’s Plus and SURP-P (ordered randomly) during their regularly scheduled prenatal appointment, then again 1 week later by telephone. Participants consent to multidrug urine testing, hair drug testing and allowing access to prescription drug and birth outcome data from electronic medical records. For each screener, reliability and validity will be assessed. Test–retest reliability analysis will be conducted by examining the results of repeated screener administrations within 1 week of original screener administrations for consistency via correlation analysis. Furthermore, we will assess if there are differences in the validity of each screener by age, race and trimester.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Maryland (HP-00072042), Baltimore, and Battelle Memorial Institute (0619–100106433). All participants are required to give their informed consent prior to any study procedure.

scholarly journals Study of Natural products Adverse Reactions (SONAR) in children seen in mental health clinics: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000674
Author(s):  
Emma Sparks ◽  
Liliane Zorzela ◽  
Candace Necyk ◽  
Baljit Khamba ◽  
Liana Urichuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Clinics ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Mental Health Patients

BackgroundPaediatric mental health patients frequently use natural health products (NHP) in addition to prescription medications, but very little is known about adverse events and possible NHP–drug interactions.ObjectiveTo determine: (1) the prevalence of paediatric mental health patients taking prescription medications only, NHP only, both NHP and prescription medications concurrently or neither; (2) which prescription medications and NHP are most commonly used in paediatric mental health populations and (3) adverse events experienced in the last 30 days (serious and non-serious).DesignCross-sectional surveillance study.SettingPaediatric mental health clinics.Population/interventionOn their first clinic visit, paediatric mental health patients were provided with a form inquiring about prescription drug use, NHP use and any undesirable event experienced in the last month.ResultsOf the 536 patients included in this study, 23% (n=120) reported taking only prescription medication(s), 21% (n=109) reported only NHP use, 21% (n=112) reported using both NHP and prescription drugs concurrently, and 36% (n=191) reported using neither. Overall, there were 23 adverse events reported; this represents 6.3%, 2.8%, 10.8% and 0.6% of each population, respectively. The majority of patients who experienced an adverse event reported taking more than one NHP or prescription drug. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionNearly half of the paediatric mental health patients in this study were taking NHPs alone or in addition to prescription medications. Active surveillance identified multiple adverse events associated with NHP and prescription drug use; none were serious. Healthcare professionals were encouraged to initiate conversations regarding NHP use.

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