Racial diversity and reporting in FDA registration trials for genitourinary (GU) cancers from 2006-20.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Mark Lythgoe ◽  
Maximilian Julve ◽  
Jonathan Krell ◽  
Philip Savage ◽  
Petros Grivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Population Group ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Cancer Registration ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Trial Report ◽  
Fda Guidance ◽  
Registration Trial

22 Background: GU cancers account for 1 in 5 of new cancer diagnoses in the USA. Significant racial disparities exist in terms of incidence, treatment and outcomes. Current FDA clinical trial guidance advises race reporting as a minimum of 5 categories (White/Caucasian, Black, Asian, American Indian or Alaskan Native [AIAN] and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander [NHPI]). Guidelines from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommend that authors should as a minimum, provide descriptive data for variables such as race and ethnicity. We analysed racial diversity in GU registration trials and compliance with FDA/ICMJE guidance in reporting. Methods: A retrospective review of new market authorisations in GU cancers from Jan 2006 to Oct 2020 was conducted utilizing the FDA website. Clinical trials cited on the licensing label for market authorization were recorded and corresponding registration trial publication identified. If race was unreported or partially reported (defined ≤3 groups), then the trial report on clinicaltrials.gov or FDA website was analysed. Total proportion of racial group participation and the proportion of registration trials with adequate reporting was determined. Results: We identified 42 new licensing indications, involving 33 unique drugs. Overall 30,316 patients participated in GU cancer registration trials; 21,068 (69.5%) White or Caucasian, 2516 (8.3%) Asian, 621(2%) Black or African American, 92 (0.3%) AIAN, 17 (0.1%) NHPI, 558 (1.8%) other or multiple races and 5463 (18%) unknown. Table shows breakdown by tumour group. Race reporting occurred in 23 (55%) registration trial publications, of which 5 provided only limited information (e.g. Caucasian only). For studies where no race information was reported, a further 10 (24%) had information within the trial report. In the 5 years prior to the introduction of FDA guidance in 2016 only 30% of registration studies met FDA/ICJME requirements. Since 2016 this has improved significantly to 60%. Conclusions: Despite the higher incidence of GU cancers in non-white populations, this study has revealed the relative over-representation of white participants in GU registration trials. The inclusion of black trial participants is in particular disproportionately low when compared to the burden of disease in this population group. Recruitment of black and other minority participants should be a research priority. [Table: see text]

Diversity and data: an ontology of race and ethnicity in the British Film Institute’s Diversity Standards

2020 ◽  
pp. 016344372096092
Author(s):  
Clive James Nwonka
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Film Productions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Impact

This article addresses the role of data in the analysis of racial diversity in the UK film industry. Due to the prolonged poor representation of racial difference, academic researchers increasingly identify the UK film sector as a particular site of multi-dimensional structural inequalities. This article will assess the impact of data-led interventions made by the UK film industry to increase the presence of BAME individuals within the sector. It will do this through an analysis of the policy approach of the UK’s lead body for film, the British Film Institute, examining how one major policy initiative, the BFI’s Diversity Standards launched in 2016 as an industry intervention into prevailing sector inequalities, has sought to achieve racial diversity and inclusion across its Film Fund-supported film productions between 2016 and 2019. Analysing cross-sectional data from 235 films which is aggregated across differing film genres, budgets and regions, the study assesses how the outcomes of the Diversity Standards have offered a representation of racial diversity across these production areas.

Negotiating Space and Making Place: Punjabi-Sikh Cabbies in New York City

2020 ◽  
pp. 089692052095423
Author(s):  
Diditi Mitra
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
South Asian American ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Transnational Space

I examine how immigrant Punjabi-Sikhs make sense of themselves as yellow cabbies in New York with two complementary frameworks—Hill Collins’ “matrix of domination” and insights from the literature exploring the interplay between race and ethnicity. The cabbies discussed their immigrant status, non-whiteness, and social class as influential, emphasizing the effects of all three forms of marginalization as occurring simultaneously. They deployed “money” to frame this subordination and to negotiate dimensions of social location and identity. The transnational space they occupied emerges noteworthy too in their identity making. This analysis, based on interviews with 56 cabbies, advances scholarship on race and immigration/transnationalism, Asian and South Asian American identities, specifically research on immigrant Sikhs of lower socioeconomic status, attention on whom is scant.

Asian American Ecocriticism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mannur ◽  
Casey Kuhajda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
A Site

Asian American ecocriticism focuses on providing theoretical frameworks for understanding race and ethnicity in environmental contexts. Attention to Asian American literary criticism can fill crucial critical lacunae in the study of the environment in American studies. Since the early 2000s, ecocritical and environmental studies have conceptualized place, the physical and built environment, not only as an object of study but also as a site from which to launch a critique of how ecocritical studies has centered issues such as climate change and environmental degradation by understanding the intersectional contexts of environmental studies. Asian American ecocriticism in this sense can be understood as a rejoinder to the extant body of work in ecocritical studies in that it demands a vigorous engagement with race, class, and ethnicity in understanding what we think of as the environment.

The comforts and discomforts of race

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Soo Ah Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Asian American Students ◽  
American Students ◽  
Education Today ◽  
The University

Drawing on existing literature and student ethnographic projects, this article examines Asian American undergraduates' overwhelming focus on individual racial identity and practices of racial segregation in their ethnographic research about the University of Illinois. The author examines how such racial segregation is described and analysed as a matter of personal 'choice' and 'comfort' rather than as the result of racial inequality, racism and the marginalisation and racialisation of minority groups. This lack of structural racial analysis in the examination of Asian American students' experiences points to the depoliticisation and institutionalisation of race in higher education today. Race is understood and more readily analysed as a politically neutral concept that invokes celebration of racial diversity and 'culture' and not as a concept marked by power and inequities as it once may have been.

scholarly journals Injustice Squared? An Intersectional Lens to Research on Productive Engagement in Later Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Christina Matz ◽  
Cal Halvorsen ◽  
Jacquelyn James
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work

Abstract Social inequalities over the life course shape later life opportunities and outcomes in important ways. However, research on paid and unpaid work in later life has not always captured (and has sometimes mischaracterized) the variety and complexity of lived experiences in later life—in particular for low-income workers, workers of color, women, and others marginalized due to their social position. Further, statistics often obscure the most important information: how the most marginalized older workers are faring. Intersectionality, a term coined by legal scholar, Dr. Kimberlé Crenshaw, describes the overlapping and intersecting social identities that often influence how we move around in society. Some identities garner privilege and power and others oppression and marginalization; we must look at their intersection to better understand complexity and inform solutions. This symposium will apply an intersectional lens to research on paid and unpaid work in later life. The first paper is a scoping review that assesses the extent to which race and ethnicity are investigated in studies of the longitudinal association between workplace demands and cognitive health. The second paper explores how older Black and Hispanic adults’ work engagement is impacted by COVID-19. The third paper considers gender differences in volunteer engagement among Asian-American older adults. The final paper examines the Senior Community Service Employment Program’s role in participant financial, physical, and mental well-being. A discussant will reflect on these studies and the need for continued research that considers intersectionality in opportunities and experiences for paid and unpaid work in later life.

Asian Americans in Dixie

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
American South ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Racial Formations ◽  
The American South

The migrations of Manilamen, Bengali Muslim peddlers, and Chinese merchants and coolies extend the history of Asian Americans in the South into the early nineteenth and twentieth century. Between 1950 and 2000, the Asian American population in the American South increased more than one hundred times, much higher than the national average and the greatest increase among all regions of the United States. Extending the understanding of race and ethnicity in the South beyond the prism of black–white relations, this book explores the growth, impact, and significance of rapidly growing Asian American populations in the American South, and discusses the formation of past and emerging Asian American communities in the region. As the chapters illustrate, Asian Americans have remade the Southern landscape with a visible, vital presence in many towns, suburbs, and cities. Avoiding the usual focus on the East and West Coasts, the book examines the historical and contemporary significance of Asian American migration, religious identities, and racial formations in the South. several chapters attend to the nuanced ways in which Asian Americans negotiate the dominant black and white racial binary, while others provoke readers to reconsider the supposed cultural isolation of the region, reintroducing the South within a historical web of global networks across the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic.

Surgical Interventions During End-of-Life Hospitalizations in Children’s Hospitals

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Traynor ◽  
Ryan M. Antiel ◽  
Maraya N. Camazine ◽  
Thane A. Blinman ◽  
Michael L. Nance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Children’S Hospitals ◽  
Patient Âgé

OBJECTIVES To characterize patterns of surgery among pediatric patients during terminal hospitalizations in children’s hospitals. METHODS We reviewed patients ≤20 years of age who died among 4 424 886 hospitalizations from January 2013–December 2019 within 49 US children’s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. Surgical procedures, identified by International Classification of Diseases procedure codes, were classified by type and purpose. Descriptive statistics characterized procedures, and hypothesis testing determined if undergoing surgery varied by patient age, race and ethnicity, or the presence of chronic complex conditions (CCCs). RESULTS Among 33 693 terminal hospitalizations, the majority (n = 30 440, 90.3%) of children were admitted for nontraumatic causes. Of these children, 15 142 (49.7%) underwent surgery during the hospitalization, with the percentage declining over time (P < .001). When surgical procedures were classified according to likely purpose, the most common were to insert or address hardware or catheters (31%), explore or aid in diagnosis (14%), attempt to rescue patient from mortality (13%), or obtain a biopsy (13%). Specific CCC types were associated with undergoing surgery. Surgery during terminal hospitalization was less likely among Hispanic children (47.8%; P < .001), increasingly less likely as patient age increased, and more so for Black, Asian American, and Hispanic patients compared with white patients (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of children undergo surgery during their terminal hospitalization, and accordingly, pediatric surgical care is an important aspect of end-of-life care in hospital settings. Differences observed across race and ethnicity categories of patients may reflect different preferences for and access to nonhospital-based palliative, hospice, and end-of-life care.

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