scholarly journals Imagining the Future of the International Cancer Screening Network: Responding to Needs and Engagement in Cancer Screening Globally

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 47s-47s
Author(s):  
D. Puricelli Perin ◽  
A. Vogel ◽  
J. Freeman ◽  
S. Sivaram ◽  
S. Taplin
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Scientific Meeting ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Background: Over the past three decades, much evidence has been generated in high-income countries (HIC) for effective implementation of cervical, breast and colorectal cancer screening programs and their contribution to reducing mortality. However, translation of cancer screening programs to low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) continues to be a challenge. For 30 years, the US National Cancer Institute's International Cancer Screening Network (ICSN) has gathered cancer screening researchers, implementers and evaluators at the ICSN biennial scientific meeting, provided expert assistance and facilitated working groups that advance research on cancer screening, via standardization of definitions, metrics, and measures, and cross-national comparative studies. For many years, this group has been comprised largely of participants from HICs, with limited participation by individuals from LMICs. However, in recent years, cancer screening has been adopted in an increasing number of LMICs. There is now a critical need to understand how to translate cancer screening delivery, program implementation, documentation, and research to LMICs. Aim: To gather insights from ICSN participants on the translatability of cancer screening knowledge between high and low-resource settings to advance the field of cancer screening globally. Methods: In 2018, ICSN conducted an evaluation research study to assess the outcomes and impacts of the ICSN to date and inform future ICSN activities, including engagement of individuals working in LMICs. Data collection consisted of a survey to our listserv, which has 666 subscribers. Results: There were 266 network members who responded to the survey, including 244 advanced who completed the full survey. The majority (58.7%) have been working in the field of cancer screening for 15 or fewer years, although 27.8% have 20 or more years of experience. Most respondents work in government agencies (32.7%) and academic institutions (37.2%), and dedicate most of their time to conducting cancer screening research. ICSN members predominantly work in organized cancer screening programs (72.6%). In addition, 80.5% work primarily in HICs and 10.9% in upper middle-income countries. Of those who attended the 2017 ICSN biennial meeting (56.1%), 78.8% agreed that it enabled them to learn from cancer screening in higher resource settings while 66.4% agreed that it enabled them to learn from cancer screening in lower resource settings. Conclusion: With 30 years of experience facilitating the advancement of cancer screening research, implementation and evaluation in HICs, the ICSN has many lessons to offer to countries that are considering establishing cancer screening programs. Findings suggest the relevance of ICSN activities to advancing cancer screening in both HICs and LMICs. ICSN is currently engaged in and developing additional approaches to advance cancer screening in LMICs, including technical assistance, workshops, and regional meetings.

scholarly journals Developing a Breast Cancer Screening Program in Nigeria: Evaluating Current Practices, Perceptions, and Possible Barriers

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olalekan Olasehinde ◽  
Carla Boutin-Foster ◽  
Olusegun I. Alatise ◽  
Adewale O. Adisa ◽  
Oladejo O. Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Purpose In low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria, women present with advanced breast cancer at an earlier age. Given the limited resources, development of screening programs that parallel resource capabilities of low- and middle-income countries is imperative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceptions, practices, and barriers regarding clinical breast examination (CBE) screening in a low-income community in Nigeria. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey of women age 40 years or older in Ife, Nigeria, using multistaged sampling was performed. Information on sociodemographics, knowledge of breast cancer, screening practices, and willingness to participate in CBE screening was obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results A total of 1,169 women whose ages ranged from 40 to 86 years (mean age, 47.7 years; standard deviation, 8.79 years) were interviewed. The majority of women (94%) knew about breast cancer, whereas 27.5% knew someone who had had breast cancer, the majority of whom (64.5%) had died of the disease. Of the 36% of women who had breast screening recommended to them, only 19.7% had an actual CBE. Of these, only 6% had it in the last year. The majority of women (65.4%) were willing to have regular CBEs and did not care about the sex of the examiner in most instances. Lack of perceived need was the reason cited by women unwilling to participate. Conclusion The majority of women were aware of breast cancer and knew it as a fatal disease. With the relatively encouraging number of those willing to be examined, a carefully designed CBE program coupled with advocacy to correct uneducated beliefs seems promising.

Cervical cancer screening programs and guidelines in low- and middle-income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brody Olson ◽  
Beth Gribble ◽  
Jasmyni Dias ◽  
Cassie Curryer ◽  
Kha Vo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Anal cancer screening in low-income and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Kevin J Blair ◽  
Sandra Liliana Valderrama-Beltrán ◽  
Sergio Bautista-Arredondo ◽  
Catherine Juillard ◽  
Luis Jorge Lombana Amaya
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening

'Have a Pap smear!' – doctors, their clients, and opportunistic cervical cancer screening

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Chingang ◽  
U Bischof ◽  
G Andall-Brereton ◽  
O Razum
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
High Incidence

In many middle-income countries with a high incidence of cervical cancer, organized screening programmes with the Pap test are being planned. We assessed the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, cervical screening among 63 doctors and 102 randomly selected community members in Trinidad where screening is still opportunistic. Doctors were well informed about cervical cancer, but not all knew the approximate specificity of the Pap test. Many did not routinely discuss the benefits and disadvantages of screening with their clients. Most women had heard of the Pap test, but only 56% knew its purpose; 25% would not participate in screening, stating reasons such as being in menopause or not having symptoms. More information about the aim of screening and the purpose of the Pap test must be communicated. Doctors need to keep their knowledge on screening up-to-date, and offer counselling that helps women to make an informed decision whether or not to participate in screening.

scholarly journals Development of HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein paper-based nanokit for enhanced detection of HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein in cervical cancer screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Muthoni Mwai ◽  
Mutinda C. Kyama ◽  
Caroline W. Ngugi ◽  
Edwin Walong
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
E6 Oncoprotein

AbstractCervical cancer caused mainly by high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 strains is the second most prevalent cancer of women in Kenya. It is often diagnosed late when treatment is difficult due to very low percentage of women attending screening thus, mortalities remain high. The most available tests in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) have relatively low specificity, low sensitivity, require a laboratory setting and huge technical and financial support not readily available. HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein has been identified as a potential biomarker in a more specific early diagnosis of cervical cancer. This retrospective cross-sectional study developed a paper-based nanokit with enhanced detection of HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein for cervical cancer screening. The HRP labelled antibodies HPV 16 E6/18 E6-HRP (CP15) passively conjugated to citrate stabilized 20nm gold nanoparticles were evaluated for immune sensing mechanism using a recombinant viral HPV E6 protein. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using 50 tissue lysates from formalin fixed paraffin embedded cervical biopsy, including control (n=10), Mild Dysplasia (n=10), Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) (n=10), Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 4 (CIN4) (n=10) and invasive carcinoma (n=10). The molecular technique used was dot blot molecular assay. A positive result was generated by catalytic oxidation of peroxidase enzyme on 3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate. The gold nanoparticles were used to enhance the signal produced by peroxidase activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme giving a more sensitive assay as compared to use of non-conjugated antibody. This study provides a significantly high and reliable diagnostic accuracy for precancerous and cancerous lesions with a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 90%, a likelihood ratio for positive and negative tests as 9:1 and 1:9 respectively, a Positive Predictive Value of 97.3% and a Negative Predictive Value of 69.2%. This study avails a sensitive, rapid test using paper-based nanotechnology which can be utilised in community-based screening outreaches particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals To Assess the Knowledge and Awareness about Breast, Cervical and Oral Cancer Screening Among Oncology Nurses in Tertiary Cancer Centre

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jyoti Patel ◽  
◽  
Sindhu Shibu Nair ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Oncology Nurses ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Cancer Centre ◽  
Oral Cancer Screening

Background: To better primary health care and better-trained nurses, knowing the causes of cancer provides a basis for understanding the potential for prevention or early detection of the disease. Our study aimed to assess knowledge and awareness about breast, cervical and oral cancer screening amongst oncology nurses at a tertiary cancer centre. Methodology: An anonymised questionnaire based study was conducted amongst nurses at a tertiary cancer centre. We used NCG e-leaning questionnaire to assess knowledge (which includes breast, oral and cervical knowledge and awareness related questionnaire). Results: A total of 313 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. Age range of participants was from 21 to 54 years (mean = 29.8; SD = 8.14). Knowledge and awareness about breast cancer were significantly associated gender (p=0.014) and marital status (p=0.00). Although, Knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer were significantly associated with gender (p=0.002) and years of experience (p=0.03). The age (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.002) and years of experience (p=<0.001) was statistically significantly associated with knowledge and awareness about oral cancer. Conclusion: Our data suggest that levels of knowledge and understanding of cervical cancer as well as its preventable nature should be improved. Continuing nurse education may contribute to strengthen cervical cancer screening programs. Nursing staff, if properly aware of this disease, can educate the masses and hence increase health-seeking behaviour in women.

Clinical trial to implementation: Cost and effectiveness considerations for scaling up cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujha Subramanian ◽  
Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Pulikkottil Okkuru Esmy ◽  
Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedharan ◽  
Rajaraman Swaminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Implementation Cost ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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