Chrysopsis mariana. a. Flowering shoot. b. Basal rosette leaf, c. Dried head with only some florets shown, d. Mid series phyllary (involucral bract) with chlorophyllous zone dark. Drawn by John C.Semple. Modified from Semple 1981.

The response of S. 123 extra-late-flowering red clover in the year of sowing to three sprayings of gibberellic acid (GA) given at 28-day intervals is described. Plants in both soil and vermiculite cultures were used.1. The first effects, noticeable in the basal rosette, were an increase in petiole length and a parallel increase in leaf area.2. Fewer stems were formed on the treated plants but their thickness and the number and length of the internodes were increased.3. Secondary branching was not significantly increased but the GA-treated plants produced a large number of tertiary branches from axillary buds on the secondary branches. Tertiary branching was not frequent in the control plants.4. Cauline leaves showed an increased length/breadth ratio at each node with treatment, elongation tending to be most marked at those nodes where leaf formation coincided with GA sprayings. Leaf thickness was also increased by GA treatment.5. Treated plants produced nearly 80% more heads, and flowering after GA treatment was up to 14 days earlier than the control.

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Ainsliaea simplicissima (Asteraceae), a new species from southeast China and its phylogenetic position

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.424.4.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 424 (4) ◽

pp. 243-252

Author(s):

MEI-JIAO ZHANG ◽

WEI-JUN YU ◽

HONG-QING LI

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Short Stem ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Southeast China ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Stem Leaf ◽

Basal Rosette ◽

A New Species

Ainsliaea simplicissima M. J. Zhang & H.-Q. Li, sp. nov., a new species (tribe Mutiseiae, Asteraceae) from Fujian, China, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular analyses. It can be distinguished by leaves situated in a basal rosette or aggregated at the lower part of the short stem, leaf blade narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, thick papyraceous, and capitulum bearing only one flower. The new species is morphologically similar to A. trinervis and molecularly sister to A. fragrans, both distributed nearby.

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Morphometry and Distribution of Senecio Nemorensis agg. Species (Asteraceae) in Poland

Polish Botanical Journal ◽

10.2478/pbj-2014-0004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 37-54

Author(s):

Kaja Rola

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Involucral Bract ◽

Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Pca Analysis ◽

Leaf Base ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Base Width

Abstract A morphometric analysis based on 316 herbarium specimens of Senecio nemorensis agg. indicated the occurrence of the following four species in Poland: S. germanicus Wallr., S. hercynicus Herborg, S. ovatus (G. Gaertn. et al.) Willd. and S. ucranicus Hodálová. Principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Kruskal-Wallis test and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) were applied. Quantitative characters such as supplementary bract length, leaf base width, ligule length and the supplementary/involucral bract length ratio clearly discriminated taxa within S. nemorensis agg. Included is a distribution map of the investigated species based on the examined material, with particular emphasis on the course of the northeastern boundary of S. hercynicus and the northwestern boundary of S. ucranicus. Also given is a determination key for species within S. nemorensis agg. in Poland, together with morphological descriptions of particular species

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Micromorphology of endemic Centaurea glaberrima subsp. divergens (Asteraceae)

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.37427/botcro-2021-028 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Milan Gavrilović ◽

Pedja Janaćković

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Involucral Bract ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Leaf Epidermis ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Reproductive Structures ◽

Anomocytic Stomata ◽

First Time

In this study, the micromorphology of the vegetative and reproductive structures of the endemic Centaurea glaberrima Tausch subsp. divergens (Vis.) Hayek (Asteraceae), using scanning electron microscope (SEM), is presented for the first time. Uniseriate whip-like non-glandular and biseriate glandular trichomes are found on the surface of all aboveground parts (stem, leaves, peduncles, involucral bract). On the adaxial leaf epidermis ribbed thickenings (striation pattern) of outer periclinal cell walls, slightly curved anticlinal cell walls and anomocytic stomata are noticed. Rugose abaxial surface with thorny protuberances of the involucral bract is documented. Corolla is glabrous with longitudinally parallel epidermal cells with distinct straight outline. Isopolar, radially symmetric and tricolporate microechinate pollen grains are seen. Short stylar hairs, without cuticular striations, are present along the outer sides of the style, while the inner sides (abaxial surface) constitute the papillate stigmatic surface. Microcharacters found in cypsela are as follows: slightly ribbed body; rotund base; lateral and concave insertion; short, unicellular curly acute trichomes; smooth epidermis; fine-sulcate ornamentation; rod shaped epidermal cells with short, obtuse end walls and straight anticlinal walls; poorly developed minutely dentate pericarp rim; and dimorphic pappus with bristles of different length and morphology, with pinnules restricted to the margins of the bristles. The results obtained contribute to knowledge about the micromorphology of the studied endemic species and provide features for its better identification. The taxonomic significance of the analyzed characters is discussed. Some well defined microcharacters of the studied species might have taxonomic value

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Gene Expression Changes Occurring at Bolting Time are Associated with Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis

10.1101/2020.05.29.109306 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Will E Hinckley ◽

Judy A. Brusslan

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Phase Transition ◽

Time Series ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Temporal Coupling ◽

Rosette Leaf ◽

Bolting Time

AbstractIn plants, the vegetative to reproductive phase transition (termed bolting in Arabidopsis) generally precedes age-dependent leaf senescence (LS). Many studies describe a temporal link between bolting time and LS, as plants that bolt early, senesce early, and plants that bolt late, senesce late. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown and are potentially agriculturally important, as they may allow for the development of crops that can overcome early LS caused by stress-related early phase transition. We hypothesized that gene expression changes associated with bolting time were regulating LS. We used a mutant that displays both early bolting and early LS as a model to test this hypothesis. An RNA-seq time series experiment was completed to compare the early bolting mutant to vegetative WT plants of the same age. This allowed us to identify bolting time-associated genes (BAGs) expressed in an older rosette leaf at the time of inflorescence emergence. The BAG list contains many well characterized LS regulators (ORE1, WRKY45, NAP, WRKY28), and GO analysis revealed enrichment for LS and LS-related processes. These bolting associated LS regulators likely contribute to the temporal coupling of bolting time to LS.

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Different plasticity of bud outgrowth at cauline and rosette nodes in Arabidopsis thaliana

10.1101/2021.09.26.461886 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Franziska Fichtner ◽

Francois F Barbier ◽

Stephanie C Kerr ◽

Caitlin Dudley ◽

Pilar Cubas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Shoot Branching ◽

Complex Mechanism ◽

Light Regimes ◽

Flowering Initiation ◽

Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Rosette Leaf ◽

Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana

Shoot branching is a complex mechanism in which secondary shoots grow from buds that are initiated from meristems established in leaf axils. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has a rosette leaf growth pattern in the vegetative stage. After flowering initiation, the main stem starts to elongate with the top leaf primordia developing into cauline leaves. Meristems in arabidopsis are initiated in the axils of rosette or cauline leaves, giving rise to rosette or cauline buds, respectively. Plasticity in the process of shoot branching is regulated by resource and nutrient availability as well as by plant hormones. However, few studies have attempted to test whether cauline and rosette branching are subject to the same plasticity. Here, we addressed this question by phenotyping cauline and rosette branching in three arabidopsis ecotypes and several arabidopsis mutants with varied shoot architectures. Our results show that there is no negative correlation between cauline and rosette branch numbers in arabidopsis, demonstrating that there is no trade-off between cauline and rosette bud outgrowth. Through investigation of the altered branching pattern of flowering pathway mutants and arabidopsis ecotypes grown in various photoperiods and light regimes, we further elucidated that the number of cauline branches is closely related to flowering time. The number or rosette branches has an enormous plasticity compared with cauline branches and is influenced by genetic background, flowering time, light intensity and temperature. Our data reveal different plasticity in the regulation of branching at rosette and cauline nodes and promote a framework for future branching analyses.

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Antioxidants in Varieties of Chicory (Cichorium intybusL.) and Wild Poppy (Papaver rhoeasL.) of Southern Italy

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/923142 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Anna Montefusco ◽

Giuliana Semitaio ◽

Pier Paolo Marrese ◽

Andrea Iurlaro ◽

Monica De Caroli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Italy ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Total Carotenoid ◽

Papaver Rhoeas ◽

Edible Portion ◽

Total Carotenoid Content ◽

Lipophilic Antioxidant ◽

Basal Rosette

We report the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities, as well as the total phenol, flavonoid, tocochromanol (tocopherol and tocotrienol), and carotenoid contents in the edible portion of wild and cultivated varieties of chicory (Cichorium intybusL.) and in the basal rosette leaves of the wild species of poppy (Papaver rhoeasL.), known by natives as “paparina,” collected in the countryside of Salento (South Apulia, Italy). We analyzed (1) two cultivars of chicory, the “Catalogna” harvested in the area between S. Pietro Vernotico and Tuturano (Brindisi) and the “Otrantina” harvested in Otranto (Lecce); (2) two wild chicory ecotypes harvested in S. Pietro Vernotico (Brindisi) and Statte (Taranto), respectively; (3) the basal leaves of wild poppy harvested in Sternatia (Lecce). In all samples, our results showed that the hydrophilic antioxidant activity is, generally, higher than the lipophilic activity. Poppy leaves exhibited the highest hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities and the highest concentration of total phenols and flavonoids. Tocopherols were detected only as traces. Among the extracted carotenoids, lutein andβ-carotene were the most abundant in all analyzed samples. Total carotenoid content was greater in wild than in cultivated plants.

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Waltillia, a new monotypic genus in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) arises from a rediscovered, allegedly extinct species from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.299.1.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 299 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ELTON M. C. LEME ◽

HEIDEMARIE HALBRITTER ◽

MICHAEL H. J. BARFUSS

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequence ◽

New Genus ◽

Monotypic Genus ◽

Unique Combination ◽

Sequence Analyses ◽

Extinct Species ◽

Rosette Leaf

A new monotypic genus of Bromeliaceae, Waltillia, is described to accommodate a single rediscovered species, Waltillia hatschbachii, thought to be extinct and formerly placed in either Vriesea or Alcantarea. This new genus is ecologically and morphologically distinct from the remaining genera of subfamily Tillandsioideae in its unique combination of characters including those of habit, leaf rosette, leaf blades, flowers, petals, anthers, pollen, stigma, and seeds. Phylogenetic DNA sequence analyses indicate that the individuals of W. hatschbachii form a monophyletic, highly supported group in sister position to Alcantarea s.str., with Alcantarea and Waltillia being sister to the clade containing Vriesea s.str. and Stigmatodon.

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Capitulum and rosette leaf avoidance from grazing by large herbivores in Taraxacum

Ecological Research ◽

10.1007/s11284-015-1249-3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 517-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Noboru Fujita ◽

Ryosuke Koda

Keyword(s):

Large Herbivores ◽

Rosette Leaf

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