Isolation of Alkaloids from Papaver rhoeas (Papaveraceae) Wildly Grown in Iraq

The plant Papaver rhoeas ,which belongs to family Papaveraceae and known as common poppy is wildly grown in Iraq .It was used in traditional medicine in wide range of diseases including inflammation, diarrhea, sleep disorders, treatment of cough, analgesia, and also to reduce the withdrawal signs of opioid addiction. The project provide the first comprehensive research done in Iraq to study the phytochemical and the methods of extraction and separation of alkaloids from Papaver rhoeas wildly grown in Iraq .The plant was harvested in April 2019 from Zurbatiya is an Iraqi town located at the northeast of Waist province in Iraq.The collected plant was washed thoroughly, dries under shade, and grounding in a mechanical grinder to fine powder. The plant was extracted by hot extraction method using Methanol then fractionation was done to separate alkaloids from chloroform Fraction by TLC and PTLC .The alkaloids were isolated and purified by PTLC then subjected to various analytical techniques for alkaloids identification such as UV, LC mass and IR .The result was indicated of three alkaloids (dihydrocodien, chelidonine and papaverrubine C) in Papaver rhoeas plant.

Ethyl Acetate Fractions of Papaver rhoeas L. and Papaver nudicaule L. Exert Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Abnormal inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in various diseases. Papaver rhoeas L. possesses various pharmacological activities, and a previously reported analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect of P. nudicaule ethanol extracts and alkaloid profiles of the plants suggest isoquinoline alkaloids as potential pharmacologically active compounds. Here, we investigated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions of P. nudicaule and P. rhoeas extracts in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. EtOAc fractions of P. nudicaule and P. rhoeas compared to their ethanol extracts showed less toxicity but more inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide production. Moreover, EtOAc fractions lowered the LPS-induced production of proinflammatory molecules and cytokines and inhibited LPS-activated STAT3 and NF-κB, and additionally showed significant free radical scavenging activity and decreased LPS-induced reactive oxygen species and oxidized glutathione. EtOAc fractions of P. nudicaule increased the expression of HO-1, GCLC, NQO-1, and Nrf2 in LPS-stimulated cells and that of P. rhoeas enhanced NQO-1. Furthermore, metabolomic and biochemometric analyses of ethanol extracts and EtOAc fractions indicated that EtOAc fractions of P. nudicaule and P. rhoeas have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, further suggesting that alkaloids in EtOAc fractions are potent active molecules of tested plants.

Herbarium – Summer 2021

Introduction. Medicinal plants are perfectly suited to interact with biological macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids. All sources of natural products such as plants, microorganisms, animals, etc. are therefore biochemical potential. Aim. The goal was to present a typical plant often found in abandoned places, fields, meadows in the Podkarpacie region of Poland. Medicinal plants presented here were collected in Summer 2021 close to the city Jarosław. Material and methods. Plants collected for herbarium, immediately after harvest, are laid out between paper sheets that absorb moisture. Dried plants retain the shape of individual organs and usually also the colors. As the result of our collection, in this article are presented Papaver rhoeas L., Centaurea cyanus L., Capsella bursa – pastoris L., Taraxacum officinalle F.H., Wigg Coll and Lamium album L. Analysis of the literature. The desire to summarize information for future generations and to present the writings of the classical scholars to a wide audience was the major stimulations for presenting a most popular medicinal plants to the reader. The plants most often obtained for pharmaceutical purposes include: chamomile, fennel, St. John’s wort, nettle, mint, dandelion, yarrow, marshmallow, sage, foxglove, lemon balm, dandelion, rosehip, aloe, ginseng, and milk thistle. Conclusion. The history of plants collections is well documented.

QUANTIFICATION OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN PAPAVER RHOEAS L. AND PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM

Plants are very important for proper human nutrition, so the content of essential elements was investigated in two poppy species. Essential elements such as Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Mo and Zn play a vital role in various biological processes. Samples of roots, stems, leaves and seeds of Papaver rhoeas L. and Papaver somniferum were acid dissolved and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The highest concentration of Ca was contained in leaf samples ML1 and ML2 with values of 38618.90 and 33320.15 mg/kg, the root of Papaver rhoeas L. had the highest concentration of Na with a value of 1651.07 mg/kg, while the leaf had the highest concentration of Mg of 4400.04 mg/kg. The leaf Papaver somniferum contains the highest concentration of K with a value of 61595.90 mg/kg, the root samples MK1 and MK2, both poppies had the highest Fe of 1254.21 and 1620.16 mg/kg. Seeds of both poppies, Papaver rhoeas L. and Papaver somniferum, contain the highest concentration of Cu with values of 30.57 and 22.20 mg/kg, Mn with values of 71.99 and 58.10 mg/kg and Zn with values of 76.99 and 82.09 mg/kg. The Co content in all samples was low.

The Effects of Gavage Extract of Papaver Rhoeas L on Blood Pressure of MIA Induced Osteoarthritis and Its Interaction with Nitrergic System in male Rat

Hypertension is one of the most common and most prevalent diseases in the world today. Chronic inflammation is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since synovial inflammation plays a role in the initial stages of osteoarthritis (OA), therefore, the side effects of OA are the incidence of CVD. One of the most appropriate methods for treating this disease is the use of medicinal herbs that have a blood pressure modifying effect Due to OA as Papaver rhoeas. The present research shows The Effects of Extract of Papaver rhoeas on Blood Pressure of rats with OA and Its Interaction with nitrergic System. OA model in 35 male rats was created by injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the right knee joint and then were gavaged with extract of Papaver rhoeas for 30 days. On day 30, the veins and arteries of the animal were then cannulated for injection and measurement of blood pressure, respectively. Blood pressure parameters (systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure) were recorded in groups before and after L-NAME injection. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in response to extract of Papaver rhoeas was reduced compared to control(OA), as well as Significant decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure and increased heart beat rate in the presence of extract and LNAME as compared with control group. (P <0/05) .We found that the aqueous extract of Papaver rhoeas has a decreasing effect on blood pressure in rats with OA. This effect may be due to inhibition of the nitrergic system.