Low-Cost Cooling Technology to Reduce Postharvest Losses in Horticulture Sectors of Rwanda and Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Eric Verploegen ◽  
Mandeep Sharma ◽  
Rashmi Ekka ◽  
Gurbinder Gill
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Postharvest Losses ◽  
Cooling Technology

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Lipid Micro/Nanoparticles for Oral Administration by Spray-Cooling

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Carmen S. Favaro-Trindade ◽  
Fernando E. de Matos Junior ◽  
Paula K. Okuro ◽  
João Dias-Ferreira ◽  
Amanda Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Simple Technology

Nanoencapsulation via spray cooling (also known as spray chilling and spray congealing) has been used with the aim to improve the functionality, solubility, and protection of drugs; as well as to reduce hygroscopicity; to modify taste and odor to enable oral administration; and many times to achieve a controlled release profile. It is a relatively simple technology, it does not require the use of low-cost solvents (mostly associated to toxicological risk), and it can be applied for lipid raw materials as excipients of oral pharmaceutical formulations. The objective of this work was to revise and discuss the advances of spray cooling technology, with a greater emphasis on the development of lipid micro/nanoparticles to the load of active pharmaceutical ingredients for oral administration.

scholarly journals Bacterial Meningitis Epidemiology in Five Countries in the Meningitis Belt of Sub-Saharan Africa, 2015–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S165-S174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M Soeters ◽  
Alpha Oumar Diallo ◽  
Brice W Bicaba ◽  
Goumbi Kadadé ◽  
Assétou Y Dembélé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Strategic Implementation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Case Based

Abstract Background The MenAfriNet Consortium supports strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in key high-risk countries of the African meningitis belt: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Togo. We describe bacterial meningitis epidemiology in these 5 countries in 2015–2017. Methods Case-based meningitis surveillance collects case-level demographic and clinical information and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) laboratory results. Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae cases were confirmed and N. meningitidis/H. influenzae were serogrouped/serotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction, culture, or latex agglutination. We calculated annual incidence in participating districts in each country in cases/100 000 population. Results From 2015–2017, 18 262 suspected meningitis cases were reported; 92% had a CSF specimen available, of which 26% were confirmed as N. meningitidis (n = 2433; 56%), S. pneumoniae (n = 1758; 40%), or H. influenzae (n = 180; 4%). Average annual incidences for N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae, respectively, were 7.5, 2.5, and 0.3. N. meningitidis incidence was 1.5 in Burkina Faso, 2.7 in Chad, 0.4 in Mali, 14.7 in Niger, and 12.5 in Togo. Several outbreaks occurred: NmC in Niger in 2015–2017, NmC in Mali in 2016, and NmW in Togo in 2016–2017. Of N. meningitidis cases, 53% were NmC, 30% NmW, and 13% NmX. Five NmA cases were reported (Burkina Faso, 2015). NmX increased from 0.6% of N. meningitidis cases in 2015 to 27% in 2017. Conclusions Although bacterial meningitis epidemiology varied widely by country, NmC and NmW caused several outbreaks, NmX increased although was not associated with outbreaks, and overall NmA incidence remained low. An effective low-cost multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine could help further control meningococcal meningitis in the region.

The conundrum of low-cost drip irrigation in Burkina Faso

2017 ◽  
pp. 218-236
Author(s):  
Jonas Wanvoeke ◽  
Jean-Philippe Venot ◽  
Margreet Zwarteveen ◽  
Charlotte de Fraiture
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost

Development of New Spindle Cooling Technology That Concentrates Cooling Near Front Bearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoichi Morimura ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Rigidity ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Machining Center ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Low Efficiency

A spindle cooling technology that directly cools the rotating spindle near the front bearing is effective in achieving a high-precision, high-rigidity spindle for a machining center. In conventional spindle cooling technologies, the entire spindle is cooled, which results in high cost and low efficiency. The writer developed a spindle cooling technology in which cooling is concentrated only in the necessary areas, and thus realized a low-cost, highly efficient method of cooling.

Low-Cost Wireless Sensor Networks for Dryland Irrigation Agriculture in Burkina Faso

2015 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Clémence Ranquet Bouleau ◽  
Theo Baracchini ◽  
Guillermo Barrenetxea ◽  
Alexandre Repetti ◽  
Jean-Claude Bolay
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Irrigation Agriculture

scholarly journals Dairy farming systems driven by the market and low-cost intensification in West Africa: the case of Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Vall ◽  
Ollo Sib ◽  
Arielle Vidal ◽  
Jethro Barkwende Delma
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Market Opportunity ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The West ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
By Products

AbstractThe increase in demand for dairy products in Burkina Faso is encouraging livestock producers to develop milk production. Three types of dairy systems (pastoralists, agropastoralists and market-oriented dairy farms) have been characterised based on a sample of 60 producers operating in the West and centre of the country. Pastoralists’ dairy operations consist mainly of zebus, rely on pasture for feed, store little fodder, and recover little manure. Milk yields are low (1.4 l/tropical livestock unit (TLU)/day) and milk sales are limited, but mostly benefit women. Agropastoralists’ dairy operations consist mainly of zebus, store more fodder for feed, use more concentrate and recover manure better. Milk yields are higher (3.1 l/TLU/day) and milk sales are threefold those of pastoralists, but less of the money generated by milk sales goes to women. Market-oriented dairy farmers’ operations are mainly made up of crossbreds, reared indoors and fed on fodder and feeds, store much more fodder and recover manure even better. They generate the highest milk yields (7.3 l/TLU/day), and milk sales are 2.5-fold those of agropastoralists. However, money earned from milk sales mainly benefits men. The study shows that the improvement in dairy systems’ technical and economic performance, which mostly rests on genetics and cow feed, but also on better recycling of agricultural by-products, is driven by a low-cost intensification and market opportunity (raising processors demand).

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