External Body Parts of Cows and Buffaloes

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
P.V. Patil ◽  
M.K. Patil
Keyword(s):  
2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 341-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yu

This study presents a semantic analysis of how emotions and emotional experiences are described in Chinese. It focuses on conventionalized expressions in Chinese, namely compounds and idioms, which contain body-part terms. The body-part terms are divided into two classes: those denoting external body parts and those denoting internal body parts or organs. It is found that, with a few exceptions, the expressions involving external body parts are originally metonymic, describing emotions in terms of their externally observable bodily events and processes. However, once conventionalized, these expressions are also used metaphorically regardless of emotional symptoms or gestures. The expressions involving internal organs evoke imaginary bodily images that are primarily metaphorical. It is found that the metaphors, though imaginary in nature, are not really all arbitrary. They seem to have a bodily or psychological basis, although they are inevitably influenced by cultural models.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bansal ◽  
Ankush Sharma ◽  
Ram Krishan ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Koshal Kumar ◽  
...  

Morphometric characters and meristic count of a fish, Tor tor (Hamilton Buchanan) have been studied from river Ujh, a tributary of river Ravi in District Kathua, (J&K). Collection of samples on monthly basis was conducted for the study of morphological characters of Tor tor. Present study shows some deviations with respect to few morphometric characters and meristic counts that have been aptly discussed in the following discussion. The positive correlation has been observed between total length and external body parts. The highly strong correlated body parameter in relation to total length is standard length (r = 0.98) and least correlated with eye diameter (r = 0.32) and the highly correlated external body part in relation to standard length is caudal length (r = 0.96) and least correlated part is eye diameter (r = 0.35) and also strong correlation was observed between head length and maximum body depth (r = 0.93) and least correlation between head length and eye diameter (r = 0.23). The correlation analysis shows that all the morphometric characters change proportionally with increase in the total length. These results act as baseline data on morphometry of Tor tor which helps in easy identification and will be beneficial for the development of conservational strategies of the natural stocks of Tor tor in river Ujh, Kathua (J&K).


2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Tessari ◽  
Anna M. Borghi

AbstractOur commentary addresses two issues that are not developed enough in the target article. First, the model does not clearly address the distinction among external objects, external body parts, and internal bodies. Second, the authors could have discussed further the role of body schema with regard to its dynamic character, and its role in perspective and in imitation.


Author(s):  
О.К. ГОГАЕВ ◽  
Т.А. КАДИЕВА ◽  
А.Р. ДЕМУРОВА ◽  
Д.К. ИКОЕВА

Изучили экстерьерно-конституциональные типы коров-первотелок швицкой бурой породы согласно промерам основных статей телосложения. Измерение проводили со 2-го по 5-й мес лактации. На основании полученных данных были выделены 3 типа телосложения коров: лептосомный (узкотелый), мезосомный (промежуточный) и эйрисомный (широкотелый). Установлено, что из обследованного поголовья (n=42) к узкотелому типу телосложения было отнесено 21,4% (n=9), ко второму — 28,6% (n=12) и третьему — 50,0% (21 голова). Животные лептосомного типа достоверно превосходили своих сверстниц эйрисомного типа на 3,5% (Р≤0,01), высоте в крестце — на 3,2% (Р≤0,001). Коровы эйрисомного типа имели некоторое преимущество по глубине, ширине и обхвату груди. Животные лептосомного типа достоверно превосходили сверстниц мезосомного и эйрисомного типов по индексу высоконогости (на 9,5—13,1%). По индексу растянутости разница была незначительной, с превосходством коров эйрисомного типа, они также были более широкотелы и имели некоторое преимущество по индексу сбитости (на 1,3—2,4%) и грудному индексу (на 2,4—3,1%). По тазо-грудному индексу и костистости между животными мезосомных и эйрисомных типов нет существенной разницы, а с лептосомными разница составила 4,2—4,6% (Р≤0,05), 2,6—3,2% (Р≤0,05) соответственно. Из исследуемого поголовья коров-первотелок наибольшим удоем (1415 кг), выходом молочного жира (54,1 кг) и белка (47,3 кг) за первые 100 дней лактации характеризовались коровы-первотелки лептосомного типа, животные мезосомного типа имели промежуточные показатели. При разработке планов совершенствования стада рекомендуем определять экстерьерно-конституциональные типы и учитывать их в селекции. We studied the exterior and constitutional types of first-calf cows of the Swiss brown breed according to the measurements of the external body parts of the constitution. The measurement was performed from the 2nd to the 5th month of lactation. Based on the data obtained, 3 constitutional types of cows were identified: leptosomic (shallow-bodied), mesosomic (intermediate), and eurysomic (broad-bodied). It was found that 21.4% of the examined livestock (n=42) were classified as shallow-bodied (n=9), 28.6% (n=12) as mesosomic, and 50.0% (21 animals) as eurysomic. Animals of the leptosomic type significantly exceeded their herdmates of the eurysomic type by 3.5% (P≤0.01); height at hips — by 3.2% (P≤0.001). The eurysomic cows had some advantage in chest depth, width, and girth. Animals of the leptosomic type significantly exceeded their herdmates of the mesosomic and eurysomic types in terms of the long legs index (by 9.5—13.1%). The difference in the stretch index was insignificant, with the superiority of the eurysomic type of cows, they were also more broad-bodied, and had some advantage in the blockiness index (by 1.3—2.4%) and the thoracic index (by 2.4—3.1%). Following the pelvic-thoracic and bones indices, no significant difference is observed between mesosomic and eurysomic animals, and the difference with leptosomic animals was 4.2—4.6% (P≤0.05), 2.6—3.2% (P≤0.05), respectively. Among the studied first-calf cows, the highest milk yield (1415 kg), the content of milk fat (54.1 kg), and protein (47.3 kg) for the first 100 days of lactation were typical for first-calf cows of the leptosomic type, animals of the mesosomic type had intermediate indicators. Therefore, when developing plans for improving the herd, we recommend determining the exterior and constitutional types and take them into account for breeding.


2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 341-367 ◽  

This study presents a semantic analysis of how emotions and emotional experiences are described in Chinese. It focuses on conventionalized expressions in Chinese, namely compounds and idioms, which contain body-part terms. The body-part terms are divided into two classes: those denoting external body parts and those denoting internal body parts or organs. It is found that, with a few exceptions, the expressions involving external body parts are originally metonymic, describing emotions in terms of their externally observable bodily events and processes. However, once conventionalized, these expressions are also used metaphorically regardless of emotional symptoms or gestures. The expressions involving internal organs evoke imaginary bodily images that are primarily metaphorical. It is found that the metaphors, though imaginary in nature, are not really all arbitrary. They seem to have a bodily or psychological basis, although they are inevitably influenced by cultural models.


1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam Bhuiyan ◽  
Abu Saleh Md. Musa ◽  
Golam Mohammad Musa ◽  
Tanjeena Zaman

The parasitic infection was studied on Cirrhina mrigala, an indigenous major carp in different water bodies of Rajshahi district during April 2006 to January 2007. A total of 83 specimens of C. mrigala were examined during the study period of which 74 fishes were observed to be infected by numerous protozoan and metazoan parasites. A total number of 3063 parasites were recorded from the infected fishes. Ten different parasitic genera, Trichodina, Myxobolus, Chilodonella, Ichthyophthirius, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus, Fellodistomum, Eucreadium, Camallanus and Argulus were identified from the hosts sampled. Among them seven were cetoparasites and three were endoparasites. Parasites were collected from different body parts of the fishes. Most of the parasites were collected from external body surfaces and gills. Prevalence, intensity and abundance of the infection with parasites were varied to different length groups of the hosts and months of the year. In case of length, the medium sized fishes were more infected than the maximum sized and their prevalence, intensity and abundance were highest. Infection rate was lowest in larger size fish group. In seasonal variation, the maximum infection was observed in pre-winter and the lowest number was recorded in rainy season. Key words: Parasitic infection, Cirrhina mrigala, Prevalence, Intensity, Abundance.  DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.968 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 243-250, 2008


2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent A. Petrie ◽  
Margaret M. Tripp ◽  
Pejcharat Harvey

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