Edible Fungi in Mesoamerican Lowlands: A Barely Studied Resource

Bioethanol production from thermochemically pre-treated olive mill solid residues using the yeast Pachysolen tannophylus

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000861 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Solid Residue ◽

Residual Oil ◽

Edible Fungi ◽

Pachysolen Tannophilus ◽

Three Phase ◽

Different Types ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Olive Mill

Olive oil mill solid residue (OMSR) is the solid waste generated during olive oil production process in three-phase olive mills. It consists of the remaining pulp of olive processing after the extraction of oil, as well as the cracked seeds of the olive fruits, containing thus mainly lignocellulose and residual oil. The commonly used practice for OMSR management is combustion, after having extracted the residual oil by secondary extraction using organic solvents. Other proposed ways of OMSR management are their exploitation as substrate for edible fungi production and compost, and as feedstock for biofuels generation such as methane and bioethanol. In the latter case, the complex carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose) of the lignocellulose of OMSR have to be degraded towards their simple sugars and further fermented via microorganisms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of thermochemical pre-treatment of OMSR, on the final ethanol yield from the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus. Nine different types of OMSR-based substrates were tested i.e. raw OMSR, hydrolysates generated from pretreated OMSR with NaOH (0.5 %, 1.5 % w/v) and H2SO4 (0.5 %, 1.5 % v/v), and pretreated OMSR with NaOH (0.5 %, 1.5 % w/v) and H2SO4 (0.5 %, 1.5 % v/v) whole biomass. It was shown that in all cases pretreatment enhanced the consumption of carbohydrates as well as ethanol final yields.

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Advanced mycelium materials as potential self-growing biomedical scaffolds

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91572-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Elena Antinori ◽

Marco Contardi ◽

Giulia Suarato ◽

Andrea Armirotti ◽

Rosalia Bertorelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Low Cost ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Engineering Systems ◽

Edible Fungi ◽

Avant Garde ◽

Fibrous Network ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Wide Range

AbstractMycelia, the vegetative part of fungi, are emerging as the avant-garde generation of natural, sustainable, and biodegradable materials for a wide range of applications. They are constituted of a self-growing and interconnected fibrous network of elongated cells, and their chemical and physical properties can be adjusted depending on the conditions of growth and the substrate they are fed upon. So far, only extracts and derivatives from mycelia have been evaluated and tested for biomedical applications. In this study, the entire fibrous structures of mycelia of the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum are presented as self-growing bio-composites that mimic the extracellular matrix of human body tissues, ideal as tissue engineering bio-scaffolds. To this purpose, the two mycelial strains are inactivated by autoclaving after growth, and their morphology, cell wall chemical composition, and hydrodynamical and mechanical features are studied. Finally, their biocompatibility and direct interaction with primary human dermal fibroblasts are investigated. The findings demonstrate the potentiality of mycelia as all-natural and low-cost bio-scaffolds, alternative to the tissue engineering systems currently in place.

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Loose Ends in the Cortinarius Phylogeny: Five New Myxotelamonoid Species Indicate a High Diversity of These Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with South American Nothofagaceae

Life ◽

10.3390/life11050420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

María Eugenia Salgado Salomón ◽

Carolina Barroetaveña ◽

Tuula Niskanen ◽

Kare Liimatainen ◽

Matthew E. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Global Scale ◽

South American ◽

Edible Fungi ◽

Rdna Its ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

High Diversity

This paper is a contribution to the current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of South American Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray. Cortinarius is among the most widely distributed and species-rich basidiomycete genera occurring with South American Nothofagaceae and species are found in many distinct habitats, including shrublands and forests. Due to their ectomycorrhizal role, Cortinarius species are critical for nutrient cycling in forests, especially at higher latitudes. Some species have also been reported as edible fungi with high nutritional quality. Our aim is to unravel the taxonomy of selected Cortinarius belonging to phlegmacioid and myxotelamonioid species based on morphological and molecular data. After widely sampling Cortinarius specimens in Patagonian Nothofagaceae forests and comparing them to reference collections (including holotypes), we propose five new species of Cortinarius in this work. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated rDNA ITS-LSU and RPB1 sequences failed to place these new species into known Cortinarius sections or lineages. These findings highlight our knowledge gaps regarding the fungal diversity of South American Nothofagaceae forests. Due to the high diversity of endemic Patagonian taxa, it is clear that the South American Cortinarius diversity needs to be discovered and described in order to understand the evolutionary history of Cortinarius on a global scale.

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Estimating the risks from phthalate esters and metal(loid)s in cultivated edible fungi from Jingmen, Central China

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 348 ◽

pp. 129065

Author(s):

Tingting Ma ◽

Wenying Fan ◽

Xia Pan ◽

Yongming Luo

Keyword(s):

Phthalate Esters ◽

Central China ◽

Edible Fungi

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Are Wildfires a Threat to Fungi in European Pinus Forests? A Case Study of Boreal and Mediterranean Forests

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10040309 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 309 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Iván Franco-Manchón ◽

Kauko Salo ◽

Juan Oria-de-Rueda ◽

José Bonet ◽

Pablo Martín-Pinto

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forests ◽

Fungal Diversity ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Forest Products ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Mediterranean Forests ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Edible Fungi ◽

Pinus Species

Natural forests and plantations of Pinus are ecologically and economically important worldwide, producing an array of goods and services, including the provision of non-wood forest products. Pinus species play an important role in Mediterranean and boreal forests. Although Pinus species seem to show an ecological adaptation to recurrent wildfires, a new era of mega fires is predicted, owing to climate changes associated with global warming. As a consequence, fungal communities, which are key players in forest ecosystems, could be strongly affected by these wildfires. The aim of this study was to observe the fungal community dynamics, and particularly the edible fungi, in maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait.), austrian pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold), and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests growing under wet Mediterranean, dry Mediterranean, and boreal climatic conditions, respectively, by comparing the mushrooms produced in severely burned Pinus forests in each area. Sporocarps were collected during the main sampling campaigns in non-burned plots, and in burned plots one year and five years after fire. A total of 182 taxa, belonging to 81 genera, were collected from the sampled plots, indicating a high level of fungal diversity in these pine forests, independent of the climatic conditions. The composition of the fungal communities was strongly affected by wildfire. Mycorrhizal taxa were impacted more severely by wildfire than the saprotrophic taxa, particularly in boreal forests—no mycorrhizal taxa were observed in the year following fire in boreal forests. Based on our observations, it seems that fungal communities of boreal P. sylvestris forests are not as adapted to high-intensity fires as the Mediterranean fungal communities of P. nigra and P. pinaster forests. This will have an impact on reducing fungal diversity and potential incomes in rural economically depressed areas that depend on income from foraged edible fungi, one of the most important non-wood forest products.

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Studies on the Biological Characteristics of Termitomyces Albuminosus Hypha

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.810 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 709 ◽

pp. 810-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiong Ya ◽

Min Jie Li

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Nitrogen Source ◽

Biological Characteristics ◽

Edible Fungi ◽

Growth Environment ◽

Wild Edible Fungi ◽

Development And Utilization

Termitomyces albuminosus is a kind of local distinctive wild edible fungi in southwest of China. It is delicious, rich in nutrition and has high development and utilization value, but owing to the restrictions of growth environment, it can not be cultivated artificially. This article mainly studied on the biological characteristics of Termitomyces albuminosus Hypha, and found out the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, growth factors and the C/N ratio that are suitable for the growth of Hypha of Termitomyces albuminosus .

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