Surface Markers on Avian Immune Cells

Along with cytokines, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by immune cells in the joint contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. By high-resolution flow cytometry, we characterized 18 surface markers and 4 proinflammatory cytokines carried by EVs of various sizes in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) from individuals with knee OA, with a primary focus on immune cells that play a major role in OA pathogenesis. By multiplex immunoassay, we also measured concentrations of cytokines within (endo) and outside (exo) EVs. EVs carrying HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ were the most enriched subpopulations in SF relative to plasma (25–50-fold higher depending on size), suggesting a major contribution to the SF EV pool from infiltrating immune cells in OA joints. In contrast, the CD34+ medium and small EVs, reflecting hematopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells, and endothelial cells, were the most significantly enriched subpopulations in plasma relative to SF (7.3- and 7.7-fold higher). Ratios of EVs derived from neutrophils and lymphocytes were highly correlated between SF and plasma, indicating that plasma EVs could reflect OA severity and serve as systemic biomarkers of OA joint pathogenesis. Select subsets of plasma EVs might also provide next generation autologous biological products for intra-articular therapy of OA joints.

Download Full-text

Differential expression of cell surface markers in response to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene in RAW 264.7 and primary immune cells

BMB Reports ◽

10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.9.048 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

pp. 538-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dong-Bum Kim ◽

Min-Chul Park ◽

Byoung-Kwon Park ◽

Sang-Hoon Kwon ◽

Joon-Ho Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Surface Markers ◽

Cell Surface Markers

Download Full-text

Tissue-resident, extravascular CD64-Ly6C- population forms a critical barrier for inflammation in the synovium

10.1101/2021.02.25.432850 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna B. Montgomery ◽

Shang Yang Chen ◽

Gaurav Gadhvi ◽

Maximilian G. Mayr ◽

Carla M Cuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Mononuclear Cell ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Cell Function ◽

Myeloid Cell ◽

Surface Markers ◽

Cell Surface Markers ◽

Circulating Cells ◽

Classical Monocytes

AbstractMonocytes are one of the most abundant immune cells infiltrating the inflamed organs. However, the majority of studies on monocytes focus on circulating cells, rather than those in the tissue. Here, we identify and characterize an intravascular (i.v.) and extravascular (e.v.) synovial population (Syn Ly6C- cells) which lack cell surface markers of classical monocytes (Ly6C and CD62) or tissue macrophages (CD64 and Tim4), are transcriptionally distinct and conserved in RA patients. e.v. Syn Ly6C- cells are independent of NR4A1 and CCR2, long-lived and embryonically derived while the i.v. Syn Ly6C- cells are dependent on NR4A1, short lived and derived from circulating NCM. e.v. Syn Ly6C- cells undergo increased proliferation and reverse diapedesis dependent on LFA1 in response to arthrogenic stimuli and are required for the development of RA-like disease. These findings uncover a new facet of mononuclear cell biology and are imperative to understanding tissue-resident myeloid cell function in RA.

Download Full-text

Immune cell extracellular vesicles and their mitochondrial content decline with ageing

Immunity & Ageing ◽

10.1186/s12979-019-0172-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Xin Zhang ◽

Monica Jeanne Hubal ◽

Virginia Byers Kraus

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Cell Types ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Surface Markers ◽

Multicolor Flow Cytometry ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Age Related

Abstract Background Although the mechanisms of action are not fully understood, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key indicators and effectors of immune function. Characterizing circulating EVs associated with stem and immune cells across the lifespan of healthy individuals could aid an understanding of immunosenescence, a process of age-related decline of cells in both adaptive and innate immune systems. Results Using high resolution multicolor flow cytometry, we identified three major subsets of EVs of varying sizes in healthy control (HC) plasma. Multiple plasma EVs associated with immune cells declined with ageing in HCs. In addition, we observed age-associated declines of respiring mitochondria cargo in EVs of several types of immune cells, suggesting that these parent cells may experience a decline in mitophagy or a mitochondrial dysfunction-induced immunosenescence. By contrast, the number of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell-associated EVs were high and carried respiring mitochondria, which did not decline with age. Conclusion As demonstrated here, multicolor flow cytometry simultaneously measures plasma EV size, surface markers and cargo that reflect biological processes of specific cell types. The distinct surface markers and cytokine cargo of plasma EVs suggest that they may carry different bio-messages and originate by different biogenesis pathways.

Download Full-text

Metabolism Plays a Key Role during Macrophage Activation

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2018/2426138 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Marion I. Stunault ◽

Gaël Bories ◽

Rodolphe R. Guinamard ◽

Stoyan Ivanov

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Macrophage Activation ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Tissue Homeostasis ◽

Surface Markers ◽

Cell Surface Markers ◽

External Stimuli

Monocyte and macrophage diversity is evidenced by the modulation of cell surface markers and differential production of soluble mediators. These immune cells play key roles in controlling tissue homeostasis, infections, and excessive inflammation. Macrophages remove dead cells in a process named efferocytosis, contributing to the healthy tissue maintenance. Recently, it became clear that the main macrophage functions are under metabolic control. Modulation of glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism is associated with various macrophage activations in response to external stimuli. Deciphering these metabolic pathways provided critical information about macrophage functions.

Download Full-text

Circulatory Immune Cells in Cushing Syndrome: Bystanders or Active Contributors to Atherometabolic Injury? A Study of Adhesion and Activation of Cell Surface Markers

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2017/2912763 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gloria Aranda ◽

Cristina Lopez ◽

Rebeca Fernandez-Ruiz ◽

Yaiza Esteban ◽

Guillermo Garcia-Eguren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Cells ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cushing Syndrome ◽

Surface Markers ◽

Cell Surface Markers ◽

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽

Immune Modulator ◽

Surface Cell Markers ◽

Hs Crp

Glucocorticoids (GC) induce cardiometabolic risk while atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation involving immunity. GC are immune suppressors, and the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has immune modulator activities. Both may act in atherothrombotic inflammation involving immune cells (IMNC). Aim. To investigate adhesion and activation surface cell markers (CDs) of peripheral IMNC in endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) and the immune modulator role of ACTH. Material and Methods. 16 ACTH-dependent CS (ACTH-D), 10 ACTH-independent (ACTH-ID) CS, and 16 healthy controls (C) were included. Leukocytes (Leuc), monocytes (MN), lymphocytes (Lym), and neutrophils (N) were analyzed by flow cytometry for atherosclerosis previously associated with CDs. Results. Leuc, N, and MN correlated with CS (p<0.05), WC (p<0.001), WHR (p=0.003), BMI (p<0.001), and hs-CRP (p<0.001). CD14++CD16+ (p=0.047); CD14+CD16++ (p=0.053) MN; CD15+ (p=0.027); CD15+CD16+ (p=0.008) N; and NK-Lym (p=0.019) were higher in CS. CD14+CD16++ MN were higher in ACTH-ID (8.9 ± 3.5%) versus ACTH-D CS (4.2 ± 1.9%) versus C (4.9 ± 2.3%). NK-Lym correlated with c-LDL (r = 0.433, p=0.039) and CD15+ N with hs-CRP (r = 0.446, p=0.037). In multivariate analysis, Leuc, N, and MN depended on BMI (p=0.021), WC (p=0.002), and WHR (p=0.014), while CD15+ and CD15+CD16+ N on hypercortisolism and CS (p=0.035). Conclusion. In CS, IMNC present changes in activation and adhesion CDs implicated in atherothrombotic inflammation. ACTH-IDCS presents a particular IMNC phenotype, possibly due to the absence of the immune modulator effect of ACTH.

Download Full-text