Microscopy Techniques to Assess Prokaryotic Molecular Diversity in Environmental Samples

2016 ◽  
pp. 205-227
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

scholarly journals Analysis of molecular diversity within single cyanobacterial colonies from environmental samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ángeles Muñoz-Martín ◽  
Esther Berrendero Gómez ◽  
Elvira Perona ◽  
Pilar Mateo
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Field Samples

Abstract Attached or floating macroscopic cyanobacteria can be found in shallow waters and can be easily hand-collected, but their identification is often challenging due to their high morphological variability. In addition, many members of environmental samples lose their morphological adaptations under controlled conditions, making the integration of analyses of field populations and derived isolated cultures necessary in order to evaluate phenotypic plasticity for identification purposes. Therefore, in this study, twenty-nine macroscopic field samples were analyzed by Illumina sequencing and parallel optical microscopy. Some colonies showed the typical morphological characteristics of Rivularia biasolettiana, and others showed those of Rivularia haematites. However, other Rivularia-like colonies showed ambiguous morphologies, and some of them showed the phenotypic features of the new genus Cyanomargarita, which is virtually indistinguishable from Rivularia in the field. In all of the colonies, phylotype composition was highly heterogeneous, with abundances varying depending on the analyzed sample. Some colonies were dominated (97–99%) by a single phylotype, while in others, the percentage of the dominant phylotype decreased to approximately 50–60%. Surprisingly, the same dominant phylotype was found in R. biasolettiana and R. haematites colonies. The relationships between environmental and/or biological factors and morphological variability in these colonies are discussed.

Pollutant Identification by Selected Area Electron Diffraction

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 532-533
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson ◽  
C. W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Multiple Component

Selected area electron diffraction (SAD) has been used successfully to determine crystal structures, identify traces of minerals in rocks, and characterize the phases formed during thermal treatment of micron-sized particles. There is an increased interest in the method because it has the potential capability of identifying micron-sized pollutants in air and water samples. This paper is a short review of the theory behind SAD and a discussion of the sample preparation employed for the analysis of multiple component environmental samples.

A SEM/TEM examination of a ceramic membrane

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
C.E. Voegele-Kliewer ◽  
A.D. McMaster ◽  
G.W. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Iodide ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Corning Glass ◽  
Gas Transport Properties ◽  
Porous Microstructure ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

Materials other than polymers, e.g. ceramic silicates, are currently being investigated for gas separation processes. The permeation characteristics of one such material, Vycor (Corning Glass #1370), have been reported for the separation of hydrogen from hydrogen iodide. This paper will describe the electron microscopy techniques applied to reveal the porous microstructure of a Vycor membrane. The application of these techniques has led to an increased understanding in the relationship between the substructure and the gas transport properties of this material.

Acoustic microscopy techniques for the inspection of integrated circuit devices and packages

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 966-967
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Frequency Scanning ◽  
Ic Packaging ◽  
Ic Package ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Ic Package Inspection ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscope

In the last decade, a variety of characterization techniques based on acoustic phenomena have come into widespread use. Characteristics of matter waves such as their ability to penetrate optically opaque solids and produce image contrast based on acoustic impedance differences have made these techniques attractive to semiconductor and integrated circuit (IC) packaging researchers.These techniques can be divided into two groups. The first group includes techniques primarily applied to IC package inspection which take advantage of the ability of ultrasound to penetrate deeply and nondestructively through optically opaque solids. C-mode Acoustic Microscopy (C-AM) is a recently developed hybrid technique which combines the narrow-band pulse-echo piezotransducers of conventional C-scan recording with the precision scanning and sophisticated signal analysis capabilities normally associated with the high frequency Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM). A single piezotransducer is scanned over the sample and both transmits acoustic pulses into the sample and receives acoustic echo signals from the sample.

Etching of LLDPE and LLDPE/HDPE blends

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
M. S. Bischel ◽  
J. M. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Narrow Fraction ◽  
Potassium Permanganate Solution ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Despite its rapidly growing use in commercial applications, the morphology of LLDPE and its blends has not been thoroughly studied by microscopy techniques. As part of a study to examine the morphology of a LLDPE narrow fraction and its blends with HDPE via SEM, TEM and AFM, an appropriate etchant is required. However, no satisfactory recipes could be found in the literature. Mirabella used n-heptane, a solvent for LLDPE, as an etchant to reveal certain morphological features in the SEM, including faint banding in spherulites. A 1992 paper by Bassett included a TEM micrograph of an axialite of LLDPE, etched in a potassium permanganate solution, but no details were given.Attempts to use n-heptane, at 60°C, as an etchant were unsuccessful: depending upon thickness, samples swelled and increased in diameter by 5-10% or more within 15 minutes. Attempts to use the standard 3.5% potassium permanganate solution for HDPE were also unsuccessful: the LLDPE was severely overetched. Weaker solutions were also too severe.

Estimation of desorption ratios of radio/stable caesium from environmental samples (aerosols and soils) leached with seawater, diluted seawater and ultrapure water

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Sakaguchi ◽  
Haruka Chiga ◽  
Kazuya Tanaka ◽  
Haruo Tsuruta ◽  
Yoshio Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Ultrapure Water

Case Study: Combined Dynamic Laser Stimulation and Static Emission Microscopy Techniques Applied to Scan Test Failure on Mixed Mode Device

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sienkiewicz ◽  
Philippe Rousseille
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Laser Stimulation ◽  
Scan Test ◽  
Silicon Bulk ◽  
Defect Localization ◽  
Emission Microscopy ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Test Failure

Abstract This paper presents a case study on scan test reject in a mixed mode IC. It focuses on the smart use of combined mature FA techniques, such as Soft Defect Localization (SDL) and emission microscopy (EMMI), to localize a random scan test anomaly at the silicon bulk level.

Case Study in Fault Isolation of a Metal Short for Yield Enhancement

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarven Ipek ◽  
David Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Laser Signal ◽  
Signal Injection ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Abstract The application of an individual failure analysis technique rarely provides the failure mechanism. More typically, the results of numerous techniques need to be combined and considered to locate and verify the correct failure mechanism. This paper describes a particular case in which different microscopy techniques (photon emission, laser signal injection, and current imaging) gave clues to the problem, which then needed to be combined with manual probing and a thorough understanding of the circuit to locate the defect. By combining probing of that circuit block with the mapping and emission results, the authors were able to understand the photon emission spots and the laser signal injection microscopy (LSIM) signatures to be effects of the defect. It also helped them narrow down the search for the defect so that LSIM on a small part of the circuit could lead to the actual defect.

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