Electrical Power Transfer with “No Wires”

Abstract This article presents a comparison between two different methods to perform model reduction of an Electrical Power System (EPS). The first is the well-known Kron Reduction Method (KRM) that is used to remove the interior nodes (also known as internal, passive, or load nodes) of an EPS. This method computes the Schur complement of the primitive admittance matrix of an EPS to obtain a reduced model that preserves the information of the system as seen from to the generation nodes. Since the primitive admittance matrix is equivalent to the Laplacian of a graph that represents the interconnections between the nodes of an EPS, this procedure is also significant from the perspective of graph theory. On the other hand, the second procedure based on Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDF) uses approximations of DC power flows to define regions to be reduced within the system. In this study, both techniques were applied to obtain reduced-order models of two test beds: a 14-node IEEE system and the Colombian power system (1116 buses), in order to test scalability. In analyzing the reduction of the test beds, the characteristics of each method were classified and compiled in order to know its advantages depending on the type of application. Finally, it was found that the PTDF technique is more robust in terms of the definition of power transfer in congestion zones, while the KRM method may be more accurate.

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High-Power Operation of Acoustic-Electric Power Feedthroughs Through Thick Metallic Barriers

Volume 12: Vibration, Acoustics and Wave Propagation ◽

10.1115/imece2012-89496 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. R. Wilt ◽

H. A. Scarton ◽

G. J. Saulnier ◽

T. J. Lawry ◽

J. D. Ashdown

Keyword(s):

Power Density ◽

High Power ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Power Transfer ◽

Receive Transducer ◽

High Power Operation ◽

Linear Effects ◽

Power Limits ◽

Power Operation ◽

Power Testing

Throughout the last few years there has been a significant push to develop a means for the transmission of electrical power through solid metallic walls using ultrasonic means. The bulk of this effort has been focused on using two coaxially aligned piezoelectric transducers on opposite sides of a thick metallic transmission barrier, where one transducer serves as the “transmit” transducer and the other as the “receive” transducer. Previous modeling has predicted reasonably high power transfer efficiencies through the wall using this type of “acoustic-electric channel” to be possible at low power levels, which implies that channel component operates in a linear range with little concern of failure. High-power testing of two acoustic-electric channels has been done in an effort to determine power limits on such channels and to determine levels at which non-linear effects on the piezoelectrics become non-negligible. The tested channels are characterized by the “power density” imposed on the transmit transducer, that is, the power applied per unit area, as the values found for maximum power density are considered to be independent of transducer radii. The constructed channels are shown to be capable of transmitting large amounts of power (over 100 watts) without failure; and further, extrapolation of the results to channels with larger diameter transducers predicts power transfer of 1 kW to be highly feasible.

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Active photonic wireless power transfer into live tissues

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2002201117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (29) ◽

pp. 16856-16863 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juho Kim ◽

Jimin Seo ◽

Dongwuk Jung ◽

Taeyeon Lee ◽

Hunpyo Ju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Power ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Wireless Power Transfer ◽

Soft Materials ◽

Transfer System ◽

Power Transfer ◽

Wireless Power ◽

Medical Implant ◽

Higher Power

Recent advances in soft materials and mechanics activate development of many new types of electrical medical implants. Electronic implants that provide exceptional functions, however, usually require more electrical power, resulting in shorter period of usages although many approaches have been suggested to harvest electrical power in human bodies by resolving the issues related to power density, biocompatibility, tissue damage, and others. Here, we report an active photonic power transfer approach at the level of a full system to secure sustainable electrical power in human bodies. The active photonic power transfer system consists of a pair of the skin-attachable photon source patch and the photovoltaic device array integrated in a flexible medical implant. The skin-attachable patch actively emits photons that can penetrate through live tissues to be captured by the photovoltaic devices in a medical implant. The wireless power transfer system is very simple, e.g., active power transfer in direct current (DC) to DC without extra circuits, and can be used for implantable medical electronics regardless of weather, covering by clothes, in indoor or outdoor at day and night. We demonstrate feasibility of the approach by presenting thermal and mechanical compatibility with soft live tissues while generating enough electrical power in live bodies throughin vivoanimal experiments. We expect that the results enable long-term use of currently available implants in addition to accelerating emerging types of electrical implants that require higher power to provide diverse convenient diagnostic and therapeutic functions in human bodies.

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Flexibility of Wireless Power Transfer Charging Station Using Dynamic Matching and Power Supply with Energy Dosing

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9224767 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (22) ◽

pp. 4767 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikolay Madzharov ◽

Nikolay Hinov

Keyword(s):

Power Supply ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Maximum Energy ◽

Power Transfer ◽

Inductive Power Transfer ◽

Dynamic Matching ◽

Charging Station ◽

Battery State Of Charge ◽

Equivalent Load ◽

Inductive Power

The scientific and applied problems discussed in this paper are related to the development of a wireless charging station using an inductive power transfer (IPT) module power supply with energy dosing and dynamic matching. A computer simulation and an experimental study allowed the authors to define the ranges of the parameter variation of the equivalent load and to design the best matching so that maximum energy transfer is efficiency achieved. The proposed principle of energy control provides highly reliable and a flexible charging station even with a simplified system of automatic control and fault protection. A prototype charging station is developed and built to supply an inductive power transfer system that delivers 30–35 kW power over an air gap between transmitting and receiving parts measuring 50–200 mm and with a horizontal misalignment of ±200 mm. The results showed that the system can transfer the specified electrical power with about 82–92% efficiency and that the IPT module and its dynamic matching during charging exhibited a high degree of stability under a misaligned (x-y-z) condition and battery state of charge.

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Designing for Power Transfer Across Fold-Lines in Mechanisms With Origami-Like Movement Using Surrogate Folds

Volume 5B: 41st Mechanisms and Robotics Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2017-68370 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jason T. Allen ◽

Bryce P. DeFigueiredo ◽

Spencer P. Magleby

Keyword(s):

Electrical Power ◽

Power Transfer

As mechanisms with origami-like movement increase in popularity, there is a need for conducting electrical power across folds. This need could potentially be filled by the use of surrogate folds. Surrogate folds are a localized reduction in stiffness in a given direction allowing the material to function like a fold. Current methods for conducting across folds are reviewed along with current opportunities. A framework for designing conductive surrogate folds that can be adapted to fit specific applications is presented. Equations for calculating the resistance in single surrogate folds as well as arrays are given. Prototypes of several conductive joints are presented and discussed. The framework is then followed in the designing and manufacturing of a conductive origami-inspired mechanism.

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Multi-Resonant Compensation Analysis of Contactless Electrial Power Transfer System

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.945 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 672-674 ◽

pp. 945-949

Author(s):

Wei Zeng ◽

Bin Wang ◽

Bing Jiang ◽

Yu Guo Hao ◽

Rui Xiang Fan

Keyword(s):

Electrical Power ◽

Basic Structure ◽

Transmission Efficiency ◽

Transfer System ◽

Loose Coupling ◽

Power Transfer ◽

Coupling Structure ◽

Primary Series ◽

Secondary Series

The loose coupling structure of Contactless Electrical Power Transfer System (CEPTS) is the main cause of transmission inefficiency. Compensation capacitors were calculated and mounted on both sides of primary and secondary coils which forming the following four compensation topologies: primary secondary series (SS compensation), primary series-secondary parallel (SP compensation), primary parallel-secondary series (PS compensation) and primary secondary parallel (PP compensation). Experiment results show that the transmission efficiency differs according to different compensation topologies. SP structure is the most efficient among these four topologies and the transmission efficiency of SP structure is about 40% higher than that of basic structure without compensation.

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Analysis of Subsea Inductive Power Transfer Performances Using Planar Coils

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.50.1.3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Doss Prakash Vittal ◽

Umapathy Arunachalam ◽

Vedachalam Narayanaswamy ◽

Vadivelan Arumugam ◽

Ramesh Raju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Water ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Power Transfer ◽

Analysis Software ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Optimum Frequency ◽

Inductive Power Transfer ◽

Higher Power ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Inductive Power

AbstractSubsea inductive power transfer is one of the reliable and efficient methods for limited electric power transfer between closely located subsea systems. A planar coiled system is modeled using the electromagnetic finite element analysis software MagNet, and the simulation results are compared with those of a developed prototype; it is found that 75‐125 kHz is the optimum frequency for electrical power transfer in sea water conditions. The power transfer performance for various water gaps and offsets is identified. The results indicate that the power transfer efficiencies vary from 63.4% to 0.9% for water gaps ranging from 50 to 500 mm at an operating frequency of 125 kHz. The model is also extrapolated to flux concentrated designs, and the coil dimensions required for higher power transfer applications are identified.

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