Energy Performance Analysis and Modelling of LoRa Prototyping Boards

LoRaWAN has gained significant attention for Internet-of-Things (IOT) applications due to its low power consumption and long range potential for data transmission. While there is a significant body of work assessing LoRA coverage and data transmission characteristics, there is a lack of data available about commercially available LoRa prototyping boards and their power consumption, in relation to their features. It is currently difficult to estimate the power consumption of a LoRa module operating under different transmission profiles, due to a lack of manufacturer data available. In this study, power testing has been carried out on physical hardware and significant variation was found in the power consumption of competing boards, all marketed as “extremely low power”. In this paper, testing results are presented alongside an experimentally-derived power model for the lowest power LoRa module, and power requirements are compared to firmware settings. The power analysis adds to existing work showing trends in data-rate and transmission power settings effects on electrical power consumption. The model’s accuracy is experimentally verified and shows acceptable agreement to estimated values. Finally, applications for the model are presented by way of a hypothetical scenario and calculations performed in order to estimate battery life and energy consumption for varying data transmission intervals.

The effect of replacing standard carburetor with PE-28 carburetor on performance fuel consumption on 2006 Honda Tiger Revo

Carburetors are one of the important components on motorcycles, through modification of replacing Standard Carburetor with Racing Carburetor is one of the ways to improve engine performance. There are several types and sizes of PE, namely PE 24, PE 28, PE 38. PE 28 carburetor is often used on racing motorbikes, both Drag bikes and Roodrace bikes, where this carburetor is able to produce maximum engine performance. By testing the maximum power using a standard carburetor found at 7000 rpm engine speed, which is 11.3 HP, while the maximum power testing using a PE 28 carburetor is found at 7000 rpm engine speed, which is 11.7 HP. For testing the maximum torque using a standard carburetor found at 6000 rpm engine speed, which is 11.7 N.m, while the maximum torque testing using a PE 28 carburetor is found at 7000 rpm engine speed, which is 11.8 N.m. The use of PE 28 carburetor on a 4 stroke motorcycle greatly affects the amount of fuel consumption, it is because the PE 28 carburetor is a racing carburetor that is very suitable for those who want top speed. In addition, the advantage of the PE 28 carburetor is that it is able to improve engine performance because the type of carburetor is different from the standard and there are changes in the dimensions of the venturi hole and intake manifold, so that it can fog up more air and fuel to be brought into the combustion chamber or into the engine cylinder.

System and Component Level Risk Assessment for SiC MOSFET Based Inverter for Traction Application at High Coolant Temperatures and Off-Road Mission Profile

Monitoring and predicting temperatures at critical locations of a power electronic system is important for safety, reliability, and efficiency. As the market share of vehicles with electric powertrains continues to increase, there is also an important economic cost of failing electronic components. For inverters present in such a drive system, exceeding the temperature limit for certain critical components, such as DC-link capacitors and Silicon carbide MOSFETs, can lead to failure of the system. In such an application, extracting the temperatures using sensors from locations such as dies and capacitors require expensive modifications and poses technical challenges. It is therefore necessary to create a thermal model for the inverter system to estimate the temperature at various components in order to ensure operation within temperature limits. The model approach is also suitable for predicting the effect on the component temperature and reliability of boundary conditions such as coolant, ambient temperature, and mission profile. This study assesses the reliability of a 250 kW liquid cooled inverter system designed for traction application. The critical failure areas are the DC-link capacitors, and the SiC MOSFET dies, which are rated at 175 °C. The system is modeled as a compact system by reasonably considering each component as a lumped capacitance and estimating the thermal resistance using physical dimensions. Results from the model are then compared against experimental data from constant power testing, and good agreement is observed for the cold plate and gate driver temperatures. With the model fidelity established, the model is then used to implement drive cycles from the Environmental Protection Agency for nonroad applications. The resulting temperature profile for each component is a series of temperature peaks and troughs that contribute to damage and failure. Rainflow counting algorithm is then used to quantify the damage per mini-cycles and used to estimate the predicted life for each component based on their manufacturer provided reliability qualification, and the mission profile is executed on the test bench for validation. The results are then used to generate a system risk matrix that relates the failure risk associated with a certain mission profile and the cooling scheme. It therefore demonstrates that an automotive inverter with SiC switching devices can be credibly assessed for failure risk using a compact model that is independent of boundary conditions, in combination with established reliability correlations and techniques.

Differences in the Anthropological Status of Young Football Players in Relation to the Chronological age within one Calendar Year

The aim of this research is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the anthropological status of young football players in relation to chronological age within one calendar year. The sample consisted of a total of 50 male respondents, Technical School “Mihajlo Pupin” students from the municipality of Indjija. The sample was divided into two subsamples according to chronological age (born by June 30, 2005; born July 1, 2005 and later). The students are also members of the football club in which they train. By examining the morphological characteristics, data were obtained in the following variables: body height, body mass and body mass index. Static and explosive power testing data were obtained in the following variables: standing long jump, bent arm hang and running 30 meters. It was concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between young football players of different chronological ages in anthropological status. No differences were found in the total space of tested and measured variables (MANOVA) nor in the individual space (ANOVA). The research included two anthropological spaces, morphological and motor, and none of them showed differences between young football players of different chronological ages. Out of a total of six measured and tested variables, the only variable that was on the border of the difference between the groups was running 30 meters, which may indicate that different explosive power of the lower extremities between the two tested groups, in this case, in favor of the younger group.

ANALISIS PERFORMANSI TURBIN PROPELLER OPEN FLUME TIPE TC 60 KAPASITAS 100 W TERHADAP PERUBAHAN DEBIT

The TC 60 open flume propeller turbine is an example of a pico-hydro-based fluid engine. The potential of the TC 60 open flume propeller turbine can be maximized by paying attention to the flow rate. This study aims to analyze the performance of the TC 60 open flume propeller turbine performance which is influenced by changes in discharge. The method used is descriptive analysis method. The turbine performance testing was carried out at the CV Cihanjuang Inti Teknik laboratory in Cimahi. Turbine testing begins by making 9 discharge ranges from 1.28 litre/sec until 4.85 litre/sec then testing each of these flows. Power testing is carried out using a lamp load of 10 to 100 watts. The results showed the effect of changes in discharge on the power generated by the turbine. The maximum power produced in this study is 74 watts at a discharge flow of 4.85 litre/sec with a load of 70 watts. The lowest discharge to be able to move the turbine is 1.28 litre/ sec. The results of the technical feasibility analysis on civil buildings in CV Cihanjuang Teknik show that the TC 60 open flume propeller turbine is feasible to use by considering the design of the discharge, head and channel shape of civil buildings. Keywords: discharge, picohydro, propeller turbine, performance

Identification and detection algorithm of electric energy disturbance in microgrid based on wavelet analysis and neural network

In the presence of power disturbance, the test accuracy of power is not good, in order to improve the performance of power testing, it is necessary to carry out the power disturbance detection design. A power disturbance detection algorithm based on wavelet analysis and neural network is proposed. The time domain and frequency domain decomposition are used to decompose the characteristic of the power disturbance signal, and the wavelet analysis method is used to improve the adaptive focusing performance of the power disturbance signal. The one-dimensional power disturbance function is mapped to the two-dimensional function of time scale and time shift by continuous wavelet transform, and the higher-order spectral characteristic quantity of the power disturbance signal is extracted, and the extracted characteristic quantity is automatically classified by neural network. The optimal identification and detection of power disturbance are realized. The simulation results show that the algorithm has higher accuracy and higher recognition ability, which improves the accurate probability of power disturbance detection and the anti-disturbance ability of power test.