Long-term effects of repetitive pain in the neonatal period

2005 ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Kanwaljeet Anand ◽  
Adnan Bhutta ◽  
Richard Hall ◽  
Cynthia Rovnaghi ◽  
Elie Al-Chaer
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Long Term Effects

Neonatal immune challenge does not affect body weight regulation in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. R581-R589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Spencer ◽  
Abdeslam Mouihate ◽  
Michael A. Galic ◽  
Shaun L. Ellis ◽  
Quentin J. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Immune Challenge ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation

The perinatal environment plays a crucial role in programming many aspects of adult physiology. Myriad stressors during pregnancy, from maternal immune challenge to nutritional deficiency, can alter long-term body weight set points of the offspring. In light of the increasing concern over body weight issues, such as obesity and anorexia, in modern societies and accumulating evidence that developmental stressors have long-lasting effects on other aspects of physiology (e.g., fever, pain), we explored the role of immune system activation during neonatal development and its impact on body weight regulation in adulthood. Here we present a thorough evaluation of the effects of immune system activation (LPS, 100 μg/kg ip) at postnatal days 3, 7, or 14 on long-term body weight, adiposity, and body weight regulation after a further LPS injection (50 μg/kg ip) or fasting and basal and LPS-induced circulating levels of the appetite-regulating proinflammatory cytokine leptin. We show that neonatal exposure to LPS at various times during the neonatal period has no long-term effects on growth, body weight, or adiposity. We also observed no effects on body weight regulation in response to a short fasting period or a further exposure to LPS. Despite reductions in circulating leptin levels in response to LPS during the neonatal period, no long-term effects on leptin were seen. These results convincingly demonstrate that adult body weight and weight regulation are, unlike many other aspects of adult physiology, resistant to programming by a febrile-dose neonatal immune challenge.

scholarly journals The flavonoid 7,8-DHF fosters prenatal brain proliferation potency in a mouse model of Down syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorenza Stagni ◽  
Beatrice Uguagliati ◽  
Marco Emili ◽  
Andrea Giacomini ◽  
Renata Bartesaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Prenatal Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Neonatal Treatment

AbstractNeurogenesis impairment is a key determinant of intellectual disability in Down syndrome (DS), a genetic pathology due to triplication of chromosome 21. Since neurogenesis ceases after birth, apart in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, the only means to tackle the problem of neurogenesis impairment in DS at its root is to intervene during gestation. A few studies in DS mouse models show that this is possible, although the drugs used may raise caveats in terms of safety. We previously found that neonatal treatment with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a flavonoid present in plants, restores hippocampal neurogenesis in the Ts65Dn model of DS. The goal of the current study was to establish whether prenatal treatment with 7,8-DHF improves/restores overall brain proliferation potency. Pregnant Ts65Dn females received 7,8-DHF from embryonic day 10 until delivery. On postnatal day 2 (P2) the pups were injected with BrdU and were killed after either 2 h or 52–60 days (P52–60). Evaluation of the number of proliferating (BrdU+) cells in various forebrain neurogenic niches of P2 mice showed that in treated Ts65Dn mice proliferation potency was improved or even restored in most of the examined regions, including the hippocampus. Quantification of the surviving BrdU+ cells in the dentate gyrus of P52–60 mice showed no difference between treated and untreated Ts65Dn mice. At P52–60, however, treated Ts65Dn mice exhibited a larger number of granule cells in comparison with their untreated counterparts, although their number did not reach that of euploid mice. Results show that 7,8-DHF has a widespread impact on prenatal proliferation potency in Ts65Dn mice and exerts mild long-term effects. It remains to be established whether treatment extending into the neonatal period can lead to an improvement in brain development that is retained in adulthood.

Maternal COVID-19 Infection and Possible Associated Adverse Neurological Fetal Outcomes, Two Case Reports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Archuleta ◽  
Christine Wade ◽  
Becky Micetic ◽  
Ashley Tian ◽  
Kartik Mody
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Long Term Effects

Introduction: The long-term effects of prenatal COVID-19 infection on the fetal brain are mostly unknown at this time however, there is increasing evidence being published. Case Report: Two cases of severe ventriculomegaly, neurological dysfunction, and seizures were found in neonates with prenatal exposure to COVID-19 infection during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Conclusion: Inflammation during the prenatal and neonatal period may be associated with neurological disorders or injury. Despite the presumed lack of vertical transmission, post COVID-19 syndrome and its associated inflammation may have an impact on the unborn fetus. Hyper-vigilance and dissemination of adverse findings is of significant importance as we navigate through this evolving pandemic and its effects.

Blockade of the neonatal increase in testosterone by a GnRH antagonist: the free androgen index, reproductive capacity and postmortem findings in the male marmoset monkey

1997 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
S F Lunn ◽  
G M Cowen ◽  
H M Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects

Abstract Male marmoset monkeys which had received gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist treatment as neonates to block the postnatal increase in testosterone were studied, with the object of determining potential long-term effects of treatment on the reproductive system, including tests of fertilising capacity. To obtain information on the nature of the circulating testosterone during this neonatal period, sequential blood samples were collected from a further control group of ten neonates, aged between birth and 3 months, and from 11 adult, normally fertile males, to examine the relative proportions of free, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound, and non-SHBG-bound testosterone. In control neonates, 11% of the circulating testosterone was free, and a further 19% non-SHBG-bound, and therefore presumed to be biologically available. The remaining 70% was SHBG-bound and considered to be biologically inert. This indicates that the neonatal increase in marmoset testosterone has a biological function. After pairing with females, time to first positive vaginal lavage and first delivery was similar for females, whether they were with control or treated male partners. Pregnancy outcome, in terms of number of young delivered and sex ratio, did not differ. This indicates that there appear to be no long-term sequelae in terms of procreative ability in male marmosets treated neonatally with a GnRH antagonist. Autopsy revealed no gross changes, except in the thymus, which was significantly heavier in the treated group. These results indicate that, although the circulating testosterone is in a biologically active form during the neonatal period, inhibition of testicular function in the neonate is without major effect on the adult male reproductive system. Treatment with a GnRH antagonist may have long-term effects on the immune system. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 154, 125–131

scholarly journals P551 Long-term effects in children who underwent resuscitation in neonatal period

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Klukhina ◽  
Mariya Kuropatenko ◽  
Lyudmila Zhelenina
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Long Term Effects

THE EFFECT OF PREPUBERAL TREATMENT WITH RESERPINE ON PUBERTY, PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND THE OESTROUS CYCLE OF THE RAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. CARRARO ◽  
A. CORBIN ◽  
F. FRASCHINI ◽  
L. MARTINI
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Long Term Effects

SUMMARY The long-term effects of a single s.c. injection of 50 μg. reserpine given on the 4th day of life were studied in female rats. Vaginal opening was probably delayed (P < 0·05) by the treatment. In addition those rats which had received reserpine in the neonatal period exhibited prolonged periods of dioestrus and only occasionally intermittent vaginal cornification. At 30 and 60 days of age pituitary LH concentration and content were significantly lower in reserpine-treated animals than in controls of the same age.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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