Crawler excavator track repair: Track fastening—noise characterization and personal protection

Nipah viral encephalitis is one of the fatal re-emerging infections especially in southeast Asia. After its outbreak in Malaysia and Singapore; repeated outbreaks occurred at western part of Bangladesh especially in Faridpur region. Besides, sporadic attacks appear to occur in the country throughout the year. Here two Nipah outbreaks in greater Faridpur district in 2003 and 2004 are described along with brief review on transmission of the virus. Where the history of illness among patients are very much in favour of man to man transmission. Moreover the death of an intern doctor from Nipah encephalitis who was involved in managing such patients in Faridpur Medical College Hospital strongly suggests man to man transmission of this virus. So, aim of this review article to make the health personnel and general people be aware about man to man transmission of virus, so that they can adapt personal protection equipment (PPE) for their protection against this deadly disease. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i2.6825Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(2):63-65

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Suspended Personal Protection System Versus Conventional Protection (Aka Zero-Gravity vs Shield and Apron)

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04078165 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Protection System ◽

Zero Gravity ◽

Personal Protection ◽

System Versus

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Eye in COVID-19: A Brief Review

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v36i3.1040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Mohsin Ali ◽

Qudsia Anwar Dar ◽

Zahid Kamal ◽

Alishba Khan

Keyword(s):

Infection Control ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Literature Search ◽

Control Measures ◽

Transmission Route ◽

Ocular Manifestation ◽

Personal Protection ◽

Personal Protection Equipment ◽

Ocular Manifestations ◽

Infection Control Measures

This is a brief review covering the currently available literature on ocular manifestations of COVID-19, andprevention strategies for ophthalmologists. A literature search was carried out of Pubmed, Google Scholar andWHO database of publications on COVID. Keywords used in the search were eye, ocular manifestations,ophthalmology, COVID-19, nCoV-2019, and coronavirus disease. All available articles were reviewed and thosepertinent to the study topic were included. Considering the dearth of information available, ophthalmology journals were also searched separately for relevant articles. Major ocular manifestation of COVID reported in literature is red eye, which usually presents before the onset of respiratory symptoms. Since the eye can be a possible transmission route for SARS-CoV-2, infection control measures should be undertaken by ophthalmologists, including use of personal protection equipment and eye/face covering. A framework for structuring ophthalmological services during the COVID pandemic is also presented in this review.

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Noise Characterization of InAs Based Composite Channel DG -MOSHEMT with Different Gate Dielectrics

Silicon ◽

10.1007/s12633-021-00954-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

G. Sujatha ◽

N. Mohankumar ◽

R. Poornachandran ◽

R. Saravana Kumar ◽

Girish Shankar Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gate Dielectrics ◽

Composite Channel ◽

Noise Characterization

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Income, wealth and use of personal protection equipment in the Mekong Delta

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13449-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matteo Migheli

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Personal Protection ◽

Personal Protection Equipment ◽

Management Techniques ◽

Using Data ◽

Developing And Developed Countries

AbstractBoth in developing and developed countries, farmers often do not protect themselves adequately, especially when applying agrochemicals that are dangerous for their health. The issue is relevant because insufficient protection is between the causes leading to intoxication of farmers and workers who handle these products. The literature suggests that both lack of training and information and low income may explain why, especially in developing countries, protective equipment is under-used. Using data from the Mekong Delta, this study addresses the issue of whether income and household wealth may help explaining the use of incomplete protections against pesticides. The results suggest that income, more than wealth, is a reason why Vietnamese farmers operating in the Mekong Delta fail in using adequate protections. In particular, the data suggest that they may prefer to divert resources to increasing the production of their fields or to buying goods that may be used both as protection and as everyday garments. This behaviour leads to underinvestment in some important protective goods. Possible public interventions to mitigate the problem are suggested; in particular, the promotion of integrated pest management techniques could be useful.

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Self-Collection of Saliva Specimens as a Suitable Alternative to Nasopharyngeal Swabs for the Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10020299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 299

Author(s):

Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín ◽

Marta Adelantado ◽

Ana Navascués ◽

María J. Guembe ◽

Isabel Rodrigo-Rincón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Conditions ◽

Saliva Sample ◽

Virus Detection ◽

Kappa Coefficient ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Personal Protection ◽

Personal Protection Equipment ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Lysis Buffer ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

A nasopharyngeal swab is a sample used for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Saliva is a sample easier to obtain and the risk of contagion for the professional is lower. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of saliva for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This prospective study involved 674 patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Paired nasopharyngeal and saliva samples were processed by RT-qPCR. Sensitivity, specificity, and kappa coefficient were used to evaluate the results from both samples. We considered the influence of age, symptoms, chronic conditions, and sample processing with lysis buffer. Of the 674 patients, 636 (94.4%) had valid results from both samples. The virus detection in saliva compared to a nasopharyngeal sample (gold standard) was 51.9% (95% CI: 46.3%–57.4%) and increased to 91.6% (95% CI: 86.7%–96.5%) when the cycle threshold (Ct) was ≤ 30. The specificity of the saliva sample was 99.1% (95% CI: 97.0%–99.8%). The concordance between samples was 75% (κ = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.45–0.56). The Ct values were significantly higher in saliva. In conclusion, saliva sample utility is limited for clinical diagnosis, but could be a useful alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in massive screening studies, when the availability of trained professionals for sampling or personal protection equipment is limited.

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Efficacy of interceptor® G2, a long-lasting insecticide mixture net treated with chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin against Anopheles funestus: experimental hut trials in north-eastern Tanzania

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-021-03716-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patrick K. Tungu ◽

Elisante Michael ◽

Wema Sudi ◽

William W. Kisinza ◽

Mark Rowland

Keyword(s):

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Anopheles Funestus ◽

Blood Feeding ◽

Significant Loss ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Personal Protection ◽

Experimental Hut ◽

Field Evidence

Abstract Background The effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN), the primary method for preventing malaria in Africa, is compromised by evolution and spread of pyrethroid resistance. Further gains require new insecticides with novel modes of action. Chlorfenapyr is a pyrrole insecticide that disrupts mitochrondrial function and confers no cross-resistance to neurotoxic insecticides. Interceptor® G2 LN (IG2) is an insecticide-mixture LLIN, which combines wash-resistant formulations of chlorfenapyr and the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin. The objective was to determine IG2 efficacy under controlled household-like conditions for personal protection and control of wild, pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus mosquitoes. Methods Experimental hut trials tested IG2 efficacy against two positive controls—a chlorfenapyr-treated net and a standard alpha-cypermethrin LLIN, Interceptor LN (IG1)—consistent with World Health Organization (WHO) evaluation guidelines. Mosquito mortality, blood-feeding inhibition, personal protection, repellency and insecticide-induced exiting were recorded after zero and 20 washing cycles. The trial was repeated and analysed using multivariate and meta-analysis. Results In the two trials held in NE Tanzania, An. funestus mortality was 2.27 (risk ratio 95% CI 1.13–4.56) times greater with unwashed Interceptor G2 than with unwashed Interceptor LN (p = 0.012). There was no significant loss in mortality with IG2 between 0 and 20 washes (1.04, 95% CI 0.83–1.30, p = 0.73). Comparison with chlorfenapyr treated net indicated that most mortality was induced by the chlorfenapyr component of IG2 (0.96, CI 0.74–1.23), while comparison with Interceptor LN indicated blood-feeding was inhibited by the pyrethroid component of IG2 (IG2: 0.70, CI 0.44–1.11 vs IG1: 0.61, CI 0.39–0.97). Both insecticide components contributed to exiting from the huts but the contributions were heterogeneous between trials (heterogeneity Q = 36, P = 0.02). WHO susceptibility tests with pyrethroid papers recorded 44% survival in An. funestus. Conclusions The high mortality recorded by IG2 against pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus provides first field evidence of high efficacy against this primary, anthropophilic, malaria vector.

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Demographic and social correlates and indicators for behavioural compliance with personal protection among Chinese community-dwellers during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041453 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. e041453

Author(s):

Xin Xu ◽

Kimberly Ann Chew ◽

Xiaolin Xu ◽

Zhihua Wu ◽

Xiaohua Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle Age ◽

Social Indicators ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Personal Protection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Community Dwellers

ObjectivesExamine compliance with personal protective measures in communities for the prevention and control of local transmission of the COVID-19, and explore indicators for such behavioural compliance.DesignCross-sectional design with a self-selecting sample. Data collected in February 2020.SettingCommunity dwellers in China.Participants2956 participants aged 16 and above completed the study and were included in the analysis.Outcome measuresNationwide COVID-19 survey. Demographics and self-reported compliance with four personal protective measures—home quarantine, mask-wearing, temperature-taking and hand-sanitising were collected. Outbreak severity and timeliness of personal protection order were obtained from the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention website. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the association between demographic and social indicators and behavioural compliance.ResultsCompliance with home quarantine was only associated with gender (men, OR=0.61 (0.51–0.73), inverse association) but no other indicators. In contrast, men had higher compliance with mask-wearing (OR=1.79 (1.49–2.16)) and temperature-taking (OR=1.27 (1.05–1.53)). Compared with younger adults (≤20 years), the middle-age groups (31–40 and 41–50 years of age) were more compliant with all protective behaviours, except for home quarantine (OR=0.71 (0.54–0.93) and 0.67 (0.46–0.97), respectively).ConclusionMale gender was associated with lower compliance with home quarantine yet higher compliance with mask-wearing and temperature-taking. The middle-age participants (31–50 years) had lower compliance with home quarantine but higher with other measures. These findings may be supported by the economic considerations and the long-inherited Confucian values among Chinese. In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, public health authorities should tailor policy implementation to disparities in psychosocial indicators.

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