Human Placenta Development, Structure, and Organization in Relation to Function and Fetal Development

2015 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Tore Henriksen ◽  
A Holme ◽  
H Horne ◽  
M Holm ◽  
T Michelsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Development Structure

scholarly journals Uptake of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Impact on Viability, Differentiation and Functions of Primary Trophoblast Cells from Human Placenta

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Margaux Nedder ◽  
Sonja Boland ◽  
Stéphanie Devineau ◽  
Amal Zerrad-Saadi ◽  
Jasmina Rogozarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Time Dependency ◽  
Caspase Activation ◽  
Trophoblast Differentiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pregnancy Hormones

The human placenta is at the interface between maternal and fetal circulations, and is crucial for fetal development. The nanoparticles of cerium dioxide (CeO2 NPs) from air pollution are an unevaluated risk during pregnancy. Assessing the consequences of placenta exposure to CeO2 NPs could contribute to a better understanding of NPs’ effect on the development and functions of the placenta and pregnancy outcome. We used primary villous cytotrophoblasts purified from term human placenta, with a wide range of CeO2 NPs concentrations (0.1–101 μg/cm2) and exposure time (24–72 h), to assess trophoblast uptake, toxicity and impact on trophoblast differentiation and endocrine function. We have shown the capacity of both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts to internalize CeO2 NPs. CeO2 NPs affected trophoblast metabolic activity in a dose and time dependency, induced caspase activation and a LDH release in the absence of oxidative stress. CeO2 NPs decreased the fusion capacity of cytotrophoblasts to form a syncytiotrophoblast and disturbed secretion of the pregnancy hormones hCG, hPL, PlGF, P4 and E2, in accordance with NPs concentration. This is the first study on the impact of CeO2 NPs using human primary trophoblasts that decrypts their toxicity and impact on placental formation and functions.

scholarly journals Megalin Is Predominantly Observed in Vesicular Structures in First and Third Trimester Cytotrophoblasts of the Human Placenta

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 769-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Storm ◽  
Erik I. Christensen ◽  
Julie Nelly Christensen ◽  
Tine Kjaergaard ◽  
Niels Uldbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Term Placenta ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

The membrane receptor megalin is crucial for normal fetal development. Besides its expression in the developing fetus, megalin is also expressed in the human placenta. Similar to its established function in the kidney proximal tubules, placental megalin has been proposed to mediate uptake of vital nutrients. However, details of megalin expression, subcellular localization, and function in the human placenta remain to be established. By immunohistochemical analyses of first trimester and term human placenta, we showed that megalin is predominantly expressed in cytotrophoblasts, the highly proliferative cells in placenta. Only limited amounts of megalin could be detected in syncytiotrophoblasts and least in term placenta syncytiotrophoblasts. Immunocytochemical analyses furthermore showed that placental megalin associates with structures of the endolysosomal apparatus. Combined, our results clearly place placental megalin in the context of endocytosis and trafficking of ligands. However, due to the limited expression of megalin in syncytiotrophoblasts, especially in term placenta, it appears that the main role for placental megalin is not to mediate uptake of nutrients from the maternal bloodstream, as previously proposed. In contrast, our results point toward novel and complex functions for megalin in the cytotrophoblasts. Thus, we propose that the perception of placental megalin localization and function should be revised.

Differential proteomic expression of human placenta and fetal development following e-waste lead and cadmium exposure in utero

2016 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Xu ◽  
Jingjing Ge ◽  
Xia Huo ◽  
Yuling Zhang ◽  
Andy T.Y. Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

scholarly journals Monocarboxylate transporter 8 expression in the human placenta: the effects of severe intrauterine growth restriction

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y Chan ◽  
J A Franklyn ◽  
H N Pemberton ◽  
J N Bulmer ◽  
T J Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Delay ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for normal fetal development, with even mild perturbation in maternal thyroid status in early pregnancy being associated with neurodevelopmental delay in children. Transplacental transfer of maternal THs is critical, with increasing evidence suggesting a role for 3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine (T3) in development and function of the placenta itself, as well as in development of the central nervous and other organ systems. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with fetal hypothyroxinaemia, a factor that may contribute to neurodevelopmental delay. The recent description of monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) as a powerful and specific TH membrane transporter, and the association of MCT8 mutations with profound neurodevelopmental delay, led us to explore MCT8 expression in placenta. We describe the expression of MCT8 in normal human placenta throughout gestation, and in normal third-trimester placenta compared with that associated with IUGR using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. MCT8 mRNA was detected in placenta from early first trimester, with a significant increase with advancing gestation (P=0.007). In the early third trimester, MCT8 mRNA was increased in IUGR placenta compared with normal samples matched for gestational age (P<0.05), but there was no difference between IUGR and normal placenta in the late third trimester. Western immunoblotting findings in IUGR and normal placentae were in accord with mRNA data. MCT8 immunostaining was demonstrated in villous cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast as well as extravillous trophoblast cells from the first trimester onwards with increasingly widespread immunoreactivity seen with advancing gestation. In conclusion, expression of MCT8 in placenta from early gestation is compatible with an important role in TH transport during fetal development and a specific role in placental development. Altered expression in placenta associated with IUGR may reflect a compensatory mechanism attempting to increase T3 uptake by trophoblast cells.

378: 14-3-3 Expression Patterns in the Human Kidney: From Fetal Development to the Adult State to Malignant Transformation

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
Adam G. Baseman ◽  
Andrew J. Kirsch ◽  
Fray F. Marshall ◽  
Haiyen E. Zhau ◽  
Leland W.K. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Kidney
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