Physico-Chemical Methods for the Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Plant Derivatives and Phytomedicines in Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Paula Carolina Pires Bueno ◽  
Alberto José Cavalheiro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Contribution of Nanomaterials to the Development of Electrochemical Aptasensors for the Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Food Products

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Valérie Gaudin
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Portable Instrumentation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues

The detection of antimicrobial residues in food products of animal origin is of utmost importance. Indeed antimicrobial residues could be present in animal derived food products because of animal treatments for curative purposes or from illegal use. The usual screening methods to detect antimicrobial residues in food are microbiological, immunological or physico-chemical methods. The development of biosensors to propose sensitive, cheap and quick alternatives to classical methods is constantly increasing. Aptasensors are one of the major trends proposed in the literature, in parallel with the development of immunosensors based on antibodies. The characteristics of electrochemical sensors (i.e., low cost, miniaturization, and portable instrumentation) make them very good candidates to develop screening methods for antimicrobial residues in food products. This review will focus on the recent advances in the development of electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of antimicrobial residues in food products. The contribution of nanomaterials to improve the performance characteristics of electrochemical aptasensors (e.g., Sensitivity, easiness, stability) in the last ten years, as well as signal amplification techniques will be highlighted.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nephelometric Measurement of Serum Lipids

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M Baer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Unstable Material ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Frequent Problem

Abstract Several technical difficulties diminish the usefulness of serum triglyceride estimation by the method of Stone and Thorp [Clin. Chim. Acta 14, 812 (1966)]. An artificial and somewhat unstable material is used in the standardization. Falsely elevated readings caused by scratched cuvettes are a frequent problem. Conventional quality-control procedures cannot be used because stable preparations are not available. Specimen stability is a greater problem than with conventional chemical methods. In spite of these difficulties, the method can be useful, if its limitations are recognized, in measurements made on nonfasting individuals.

scholarly journals The principle of formaldehyde, alcohol, and acetone titrations. With a discussion of the proof and implication of the zwitterion conception

1934 ◽  
Vol 115 (792) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Empirical Argument ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Consideration of the implications of the zwitterion hypothesis of Bjerrum (1923) makes it desirable to state afresh the principles underlying the methods commonly employed in the titration of amino-acids. Deductions of considerable theoretical importance, cf., e. g ., Calvery (1933) are still being made on the supposition that the alkalimetric formaldehyde titration method of Sørensen (1907) and the corresponding alcohol method of Foreman (1920) and of Willstätter and Waldschmidt-Leitz (1921) estimate the carboxyl groups of amino-acids whilst the acidimetric acetone titration of Linderstrøm-Lang (1928) estimates the amino-groups. Yet the zwitterion hypothesis indicates that this assumption is the reverse of the truth. Discussion is greatly facilitated by collective consideration of recent physico-chemical evidence clarifying the principles upon which these common bio-chemical methods rest. In a recent discussion of two of the titrimetric methods (Van Slyke and Kirk, 1933) the existence of this evidence is ignored, so that it becomes necessary to systematize and elaborate the empirical argument of these authors in the light of the relevant investigations of Grünhut (1919), Cray and Westrip (1925), Michaelis and Mizutani (1925), Birch and Harris (1930, b ), and Levy (1933). At the same time new and useful developments are indicated.

scholarly journals PHYSICO AND PHYTO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA L. - A POTANT INDIAN HERB

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Sharmila S ◽  
Kalaichelvi K ◽  
Jayanthi G
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Physico Chemical

Medicinal plants are an integral component of alternative medical care. For millennia, Indian people traditionally played an important role in the management of biological resources and were custodians of related knowledge that they acquired through trial and error over centuries. India has a rich wealth ofmedicinal plants and the potential to accept the challenge to meet the global demand for them. In recent time, focus on plant research has increased all over the world and a large body evidence has collected to show immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional system. Plumbago zeylanica L.(Plumbaginaceae) is a tropical plant and the source for the well known ayurvedic drug ‘chitrakah’. Different parts of this plant are widely used for variety of medicinal treatments. Especially used for appetite, indigestion, piles, worms, liver diseases and cancer treatments. The present study was therefore carried outto provide pharmacognostic details of root of Plumbago zeylanica. The physico-chemical analysis of ash content indicated the presence of inorganic matter and siliceous matter in the drug. The phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. Plumbagin is anaturally occurring yellow pigment, produced by member of plumbaginaceae that can be obtained from roots

scholarly journals A Review - Carisoprodol as Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
A. A Patil ◽  
M. K. Shirsat ◽  
V. R. Salunkhe
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Allocation Concealment ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Host Target

In the world of pharmacology, the prescription of a medicine and its dosage play important role. Different physico-chemical methods are in vogue in describing the interactions of the drug molecule with host target among them, the chief being spectroscopic, chromatographic and quantum mechanical techniques. Skeletal muscle relaxants are divided into two categories: antispastic (for conditions such as cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis) and antispasmodic agents (for musculoskeletal conditions). Antispastic agents (e.g., baclofen [Lioresal], dantrolene [Dantrium]) should not be prescribed for musculoskeletal conditions because there is sparse evidence to support their use. Rather, anantispasmodic agent may be more appropriate Many of the studies evaluating the effectiveness of skeletal muscle relaxants are hampered by poor methodologic design, including incomplete reporting of compliance, improper or no mention of allocation concealment, not utilizing intention-to-treat methods, and inadequate randomization. skeletal muscle relaxants have been evaluated in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.These include Methocarbamol, Meprobamate, Metaxalone, Carisoprodol, Dantrium and Baclofen. Chemically Carisoprodol is N-isopropyl-2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate. Methods like nitration, Sulphonation, Methylation, Esterification, Acetylation and Diazotization was used for formation of new derivative which can be detected in UV region. Different reactions of diazotization were used for getting a new and novel derivative of Carisoprodol. Physiochemical properties, TLC, UV, IR and NMR analysis of Carisoprodol and newly obtained derivatives of Carisoprodol was studied and it showed that there was change in color, odour, taste, melting point, solubility pattern of original drug and derivatives.

scholarly journals DNA-Based Herbal Teas’ Authentication: An ITS2 and psbA-trnH Multi-Marker DNA Metabarcoding Approach

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2120
Author(s):  
Jessica Frigerio ◽  
Giulia Agostinetto ◽  
Valerio Mezzasalma ◽  
Fabrizio De De Mattia ◽  
Massimo Labra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Identification Rate ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Medicinal plants have been widely used in traditional medicine due to their therapeutic properties. Although they are mostly used as herbal infusion and tincture, employment as ingredients of food supplements is increasing. However, fraud and adulteration are widespread issues. In our study, we aimed at evaluating DNA metabarcoding as a tool to identify product composition. In order to accomplish this, we analyzed fifteen commercial products with DNA metabarcoding, using two barcode regions: psbA-trnH and ITS2. Results showed that on average, 70% (44–100) of the declared ingredients have been identified. The ITS2 marker appears to identify more species (n = 60) than psbA-trnH (n = 35), with an ingredients’ identification rate of 52% versus 45%, respectively. Some species are identified only by one marker rather than the other. Additionally, in order to evaluate the quantitative ability of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to compare the plant component to the corresponding assigned sequences, in the laboratory, we created six mock mixtures of plants starting both from biomass and gDNA. Our analysis also supports the application of DNA metabarcoding for a relative quantitative analysis. These results move towards the application of HTS analysis for studying the composition of herbal teas for medicinal plants’ traceability and quality control.

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