The Influence of Different Pretreatment Methods on Color and Pigment Change in Beetroot Products

Vegetable processing pomace contains valuable substances such as natural colors that can be reused as functional ingredients. Due to a large amount of water, they are an unstable material. The aim of our research was to assess how the pretreatment method (thermal or nonthermal) affects the properties of powders obtained from beet juice and pomace after the freeze-drying process. The raw material was steamed or sonicated for 10 or 15 min, and then squeezed into juice and pomace. Both squeezed products were freeze-dried. The content of dry substance; L*, a*, and b* color parameters; and the content of betalain pigments were analyzed. Pretreatments increased the proportion of red and yellow in the juices. Steam and ultrasound caused a significant reduction in parameter b* in the dried pomace. A significant increase in betanin in lyophilizates was observed after pretreatment with ultrasound and steam for 15 min. As a result of all experiments, dried juices and pomaces can also be used as a colorant source. However, there is higher potential with pomaces due to their additional internal substances as well as better storage properties. After a few hours, juice was sticky and not ready to use.

Analisis Sebaran Spasial Kerentanan Longsor Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Bencana di Kecamatan Berastagi Kabupaten Karo Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Kabupaten Karo has several areas that have the potential to occurrence of a landslide.Therefore, the mitigation of landslide disaster is very important, it has long-term negative impacts on humanity and the environment. This study attempts to analyze the distribution of vulnerability landslides in Berastagi mitigation and management and provide the right environment. The causes of a movement occur landslides in Berastagi is the state of a steep slope around 35, 55 % - percent of lithological building materials / unstable material among other volcanic breccias and, riodasit tufa and the factor triggering rainfall andinfiltration water . The research method was descriptive , whereas scoring with Shapefile (SHP) data in 2019 was based on the 2004 Puslittanak. The results of the field are the weightings of the respective parameter with overlay uses arcgis 10.6 software. The result showed that the DouluVillage, SempaJaya Village, Raya Village, as well as Tambak Lau Mulgap II in the Berastagi District have a high vulnerability to landslides. Thus, recommendations for mitigation of calamity , by revegetation erosion including planting crops.

Mechanism of Unstable Material Removal Modes in Micro Cutting of Silicon Carbide

This study conducts large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of micro cutting of single crystal 6H silicon carbide (SiC) with up to 19 million atoms to investigate the mechanism of unstable material removal modes within the transitional range of undeformed chip thickness in which either brittle or ductile mode of cutting might occur. Under this transitional range, cracks are always formed in the cutting zone, but the stress states cannot guarantee their propagation. The cutting mode is brittle when the cracks can propagate and otherwise ductile mode cutting happens. Plunge cutting experiment is conducted to produce a taper groove on a 6H SiC wafer. There is a transitional zone between the brittle-cut and ductile-cut regions, which has a mostly smooth surface with a few brittle craters on it. This study contributes to the understanding of the detailed process of brittle-ductile cutting mode transition (BDCMT) as it shows that a transitional range can occur even for single crystals without internal defects and provides guidance for the determination of tcritical from taper grooves made by various techniques, e.g., to adopt larger tcritical around the end of the transitional range to increase machining efficiency for grinding or turning as long as the cracks do not extend below the machined surface.

ETHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND SURVIVAL OF DERMACENTOR RETICULATUS FEMALES DURING EGG LAYING TIME IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Dermacentor reticulatus are very unstable material for cultivation, since minor changes in living conditions adversely affect the survival of ticks, as a result of which they may die or fall into diapause. It has been established that the creation of the most favorable conditions for ixodides does not provide them with stable vital activity and 11.76% of the fed females fell into diapause and died without laying eggs. It was noted that the number of eggs laid depended on the degree of saturation of the female. Thus, females with the lowest weight laid from 1245 to 2065 eggs, medium-fed females laid from 3220 to 5775 eggs, and the most saturated laid in the range of 5880–6225 eggs.Studying the features of the biorhythms of Dermacentor reticulatus mite under laboratory conditions is not only fundamental, as knowledge of the biology of ixodides, but also of practical importance, since for research purposes it is necessary to maintain a culture of ticks in sufficient quantities throughout the calendar year. One of these goals is to develop and then introduce the most effective and economically viable methods to combat them. Ixodides living in the Northern Trans-Urals are very unstable material for cultivation, and minor changes in cultivation conditions adversely affect the viability of ticks, as a result of which they may die or fall into diapause, and in most cases, without returning to active life. Given these features, researchers need to improve the laboratory culture of these arthropods.The need for experimental material and the absence of an acceptable method for cultivating the tick D. reticulatus in the autumn-winter period was the reason for our research work.

Unbecoming place: urban imaginaries in transition in Detroit

The population of Detroit has been steadily declining since the 1950s, but the imaginaries that shape the city are in constant transformation, changing with each successive government or regeneration initiative. Since 2010, downtown Detroit has been targeted by blight removal projects, real-estate speculation and redevelopment plans. These growth-oriented imaginaries shape the ways in which place is perceived and encountered – materially and conceptually – often responding to ruin and decay with erasures and evictions that play out through cultural geographies of precarity, simultaneously disappearing and reproducing conditions of inequality. The changes in the city are reflected in my own experiences of Detroit in 2009 and 2015, using walking and driving methods to support grounded and emplaced encounters with the ‘unbecoming’ ruins in the city. The city of 2009 is being replaced – in imagination, and in reality – by a new way of thinking about Detroit, which asks us to imagine differently, to positively re-envision the future possibilities for growth and change. This article interrogates the different imaginaries of regeneration in the city and considers, through urban ruins, places that are absent from the new way of thinking Detroit. Through Berlant’s ‘precarity’ and Massey’s ‘emplacement’, this discussion reveals a complex process of unbecoming that is typified in the unstable material, cultural and historical geographies that structure the experience of place in Detroit.

La cambiante simbología de lo ordinario. Una aproximación visual americana

<p><em>The concept of “the ordinary” has become an ever more usual reference in the analysis of certain architectonic and territorial situations; but also social ones, which seem to escape any order set by planning. Nonetheless, the word still carries a rather ambiguous meaning, because not only the term is in itself polysemic, but also because it can have several interpretations, sometimes in a contradictory way, depending on the area of study, the time or the place in which it is used. This text addresses some of these apparent contradictions through a selection of visual expressions that emerge from the reassessment of “the ordinary” within a particular context: America in the seventies. To illustrate our views, we will use the work of two renowned photographers: David Plowden and Stephen Shore. Architecture was the centre focus of their images, which are part of the broad tradition of depicting American everyday life. We will analyse and compare them with the purpose of identifying their frictions and, more importantly, the values that transformed each of them from the ordinary into a perfect tool to deal with the strange and unstable material situation lived in post-war America.</em></p>

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nephelometric Measurement of Serum Lipids

Several technical difficulties diminish the usefulness of serum triglyceride estimation by the method of Stone and Thorp [Clin. Chim. Acta 14, 812 (1966)]. An artificial and somewhat unstable material is used in the standardization. Falsely elevated readings caused by scratched cuvettes are a frequent problem. Conventional quality-control procedures cannot be used because stable preparations are not available. Specimen stability is a greater problem than with conventional chemical methods. In spite of these difficulties, the method can be useful, if its limitations are recognized, in measurements made on nonfasting individuals.