The Construction Worker: Example of Biomechanical Overload of the Upper Limbs and Awkward Postures of the Spine and Lower Limbs in Several Typical Tasks

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Marco Andriuolo
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Construction Worker

scholarly journals Trainability and reversibility in physical fitness among elderly persons taking part in an intervention program

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taysi Seemann ◽  
Carolina Weber Schmitt ◽  
Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo Guimarães ◽  
Simone Korn ◽  
Joseani Paulini Neves Simas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Active Living ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ex Post

Objective To assess the trainability and reversibility of variables of physical fitness in elderly participants in Active Living Functional Gymnastics. Method This ex post facto study was composed of 115 elderly women from six functional fitness groups in the Active Living Program in Florianopolis. The Rikli and Jones battery of tests (Chair Stand Test, Arm Curl Test, Chair Sit and Reach Test, Back Scratch Test, 8-Foot Up and Go Test, 6 Minute Walk Test) was used. The intervention period lasted for eight months, and the detraining period took three months. Descriptive and inferential statistics with paired Student t-test and Scheffé post hoc was used. Results The performance of the age groups differed in agility and aerobic capacity; Trainability was identified in the strength and resistance variables of the lower and upper limbs, and the flexibility of the lower limbs; Detraining was perceived in the strength and resistance of upper limbs, and aerobic capacity. Conclusion A Functional Gymnastics program produces positive effects on the strength and resistance of the lower and upper limbs, and flexibility of the lower limbs in elderly women. An interruption period lasting three months results in detraining in strength and resistance of the lower limbs and aerobic capacity.

scholarly journals A study of 200 cases of congenital limb deficiencies

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Artificial Limb ◽  
Prosthetic Fitting ◽  
Congenital Limb ◽  
Partial Deficiency ◽  
Limb Deficiencies ◽  
Limb Deficiency ◽  
Congenital Limb Deficiency

An analysis of 200 patients with congenital limb deficiency who attended the Artificial Limb Centre, Pune from January 1984 to April 1990 is presented. This group is representative of the congenital limb deficient population of the country. The commonest deficiencies were transverse phalangeal total/partial deficiency and transverse forearm partial deficiency (below elbow) in upper limbs, whereas transverse metatarsal total/partial deficiency and transverse leg partial deficiency (below knee) were commonest in lower limbs. Transverse forearm partial deficiency was more common in female, while transverse leg partial deficiency was more common in male children, 16 patients did not require any treatment, 6 needed only surgical correction. Some 30 patients needed surgery before prosthetic fitting, while 148 patients required only prostheses. Some 68% of patients achieved satisfactory to excellent results; 18% showed poor rehabilitation. No definitive cause for the deformities could be isolated; however, many parents believed that possible exposure to the eclipse during pregnancy was the cause of the deficiency. The eldest child was most affected.

Abstract TP380: Significant Factors of Early Independent Gait in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuna Hosaka ◽  
Takahisa Mori ◽  
Yuki Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Trunk Control ◽  
Stroke Subtypes ◽  
Significant Factors

Introduction: Acute stroke patients have problems with gait disturbance. Independent gait in hospitalized patients is important for early discharge to home. Therefore, we must find factors of disturbing independent gait following acute stroke and intensively treat them. Hypothesis: Impaired trunk control and cognitive function are factors of disturbing early independent gait. Methods: We included acute ischemic stroke patients who were admitted in our hospital from June 2017 to May 2018 and excluded patients with disturbed level of consciousness. We defined a score of 6 (modified Independence) or 7 (complete independence) in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) as gait independence. We evaluated association of stroke subtypes, Brunnstrom recovery stage (BRS) of upper limbs, fingers and lower limbs, trunk control test (TCT) score and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score with early gait independence on the 7th day of a stroke onset. Results: One hundred twenty- six patients met our inclusive criteria and we analyzed them. Stroke subtypes had no relation to early gait independence. In gait independent and dependent patients on the 7th day, median BRS score of upper limbs was 5 and 5 (ns), median BRS score of fingers was 5 and5 (ns), median BRS score of lower limbs was 6 and 5 (p<0.01), TCT score was 100and 75 (p<0.01) and MMSE score was 28.5 and 24.5 (p<0.01), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis that TCT (p<0.01) and BRS lower limbs (p<0.01) were independent factors for early independent gat. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for early gait independence demonstrated that cut-off values of TCT score and BRS of lower limbs and were 100 and 5. Conclusions: Impaired trunk control and muscle weakness of lower limbs were significant factors of disturbing early gait independence.

Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Filum Terminale ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Descending Pathways ◽  
Lumbar Vertebral Body

The spinal cord begins as the cervical cord immediately below the medulla and extends through the spinal canal, where it becomes the thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal parts of the cord. In most persons, the spinal cord proper ends at the lower portion of the first lumbar vertebral body, where it forms the conus medullaris and, finally, the filum terminale. A cervical enlargement contains the innervation pathways of the upper limbs; a lumbar enlargement contains the pathways of the lower limbs. This chapter reviews ascending and descending pathways in the spinal cord.

scholarly journals Maturational stages: comparison of growth and physical capacity indicators in adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Carla Monteiro Pinto ◽  
Petrus Gantois Massa Dias dos Santos ◽  
Rafaela Catherine Da Silva Cunha de Medeiros ◽  
Francisco Emílio Simplício Souza ◽  
Thaisys Blanc dos Santos Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Maturational Stage

Introduction: The identification of physical capacity is an important marker related to healthy behavior during childhood and adolescence, in which some factors appear to contribute to motor performance such as maturation and hormonal levels. Objective: To compare growth indicators, physical capacity and hormonal markers according to gender and maturational stage in adolescents. Methods: Eighty-nine adolescents of both genders aged 10-13 years participated in the study. Sexual maturation was evaluated using the Tanner’s self-evaluation method. Physical capacity (explosive strength of upper and lower limbs, upper limb velocity and agility) and hormonal markers (testosterone and estradiol) were evaluated through the chemiluminescence method. Results: In the comparison by gender, girls had higher weight (p = 0.023), height (p = 0.018) and fat percentage values (p = 0.001), while boys presented better motor performance for the explosive strength of upper limbs (p = 0.005) and lower limbs (p = 0.011), agility (0.018) and upper limb velocity (p = 0.014). Regarding maturational stage, boys did not present differences in any variable analyzed; (Stage V versus I), height (stage III, IV and V versus I) and upper limb explosive strength (stage III and IV versus I). Conclusion: Growth, weight and height, as well as explosive strength of upper limbs were higher in girls at more advanced maturational stages and appear to be gender dependent.

scholarly journals Light sheet microscopy-based 3-dimensional histopathology of the lymphatic vasculature in Emberger syndrome

Phlebologie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (04) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
René Hägerling
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Lymphatic Vasculature

Abstract Introduction Lymphovascular diseases represent a heterogenous group of inherited and sporadic disorders and refer to a range of possible underlying pathologies and pathogenesis.Emberger Syndrome, an inherited form of lymphedema, is characterized by bilateral lower limb lymphedema, however, upper limbs do not show any signs of swelling.To identify disease-associated histopathological alterations in patients with Emberger Syndrome and to elucidate potential histological differences between the lymphatic vasculature of upper and lower limbs, a detailed knowledge on the 3-dimensional tissue and vessel architecture is essential. However, the current gold standard in 2-dimensional histology provides only very limited spatial information. Material and methods To elucidate the underlying vascular pathology in Emberger Syndrome on the cellular level, we applied the 3-dimensional visualization and analysis approach VIPAR (volume information-based histopathological analysis by 3D reconstruction and data extraction) to entire wholemount immunofluorescence-stained human tissue samples. VIPAR is a light sheet microscopy-based imaging technique, which allows 3-dimensional reconstruction of entire tissue biopsies followed by automated and semi-automated analysis of vascular parameters in 3-dimensional space. Results Using VIPAR we could show that in Emberger Syndrome the dermal lymphatic vasculature is intact and non-disrupted.However, lower limbs showed an hypoplastic lymphatic vasculature with absence of lymphatic valves in pre-collecting and collecting vessels. In contrast to the lower limbs, the lymphatic vasculature of the upper limbs showed no morphological alterations of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic valves compared to healthy controls. Discussion Based on the 3-dimensional histopathological analysis we were able to perform a detailed phenotyping of lymphatic vessels in the upper and lower limb in Emberger Syndrome and to identify the underlying vascular pathology. In addition, we could show vascular alteration between the upper and lower limbs indicating a vascular heterogeneity of dermal lymph vessels causing the lower limb lymphedema.

scholarly journals Ép és mozgásukban korlátozott kajakos sportolók biomechanikai mozgáselemzése és összehasonlító vizsgálata

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (52) ◽  
pp. 2061-2066
Author(s):  
Bernadett Kertészné Német ◽  
Tamás Terebessy ◽  
Zoltán Bejek
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Age Range

Abstract: Introduction: During kayaking, the whole body works in a perfect harmony. While the trunk is doing a rotation, flexion-extension helps to the upper limb to create a special cyclic paddle. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the physical disabled (later disabled) person’s kayaking motions and to probe whether there were any significant differences between disabled and non-disabled kayakers with special focus on the use of footrest. We hypothesised significantly different ranges of motion and muscle activity in lower limbs but no significant differences in those of the upper limbs. Aim: Our goal was to know more about the abled and disbled kayaking and compare the athlete’s kayaking movements. Method: Thirteen (n = 13) elite disabled athletes (age range: 18–40 years, height range: 164–194 cm, body mass range:74–93 kg), eleven (n = 11) elite non-disabled athletes (age range: 18–40 years, height range:172–197 cm, body mass range: 72–96 kg) and nine (n = 9) athletes whose movements were artificially limited to imitate disabled conditions(“imitation disabled” group) (age range: 18–40 years, height range: 172–197 cm, body mass range: 72–96 kg) were measured. Weba sport kayak ergometer, surface electromyography (EMG), and a 3-dimensional Vicon (MX T40) camera system were used to record the data, and a combined Matlab and MS Excel system was used to analyse the results. Results: In line with our basic assumption, range of motion of the upper limbs was not significantly different between disabled athletes and non-disabled athletes (p ≥ 0.05). However, muscle activities were significantly different in the disabled group compared to the non-disabled group (p ≤ 0.05). In the disabled group the knee joint and trunk motions and muscle activities were also significantly different compared to those in the non-disabled group (p ≤ 0.05). The differences in performance force applied to both footrests and force were significant (p ≤ 0.05). Discussion: The assumption that shoulder and elbow ranges of motion were not significantly different in disabled athletes compared to non-disabled athletes was proven. However, muscle activities were significantly different in the disabled group. In the disabled group, knee and trunk motions and muscle activities were also significantly different compared to the non-disabled group. Significant differences were found in performance, force and footrest use. Our results proved our assumption that motions and muscle activities of disabled and non-disabled athletes were significantly different. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(52): 2061–2066.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Survey of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Workers Practicing Traditional Methods of Underground Coal Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2566
Author(s):  
Madiha Ijaz ◽  
Sajid Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad M. Akram ◽  
Steven M. Thygerson ◽  
Falaq Ali Nadeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Underground Coal Mining ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
R Programming

Background: In subcontinental underground mines, coal mining is carried out manually and requires many laborers to practice traditional means of coal excavation. Each task of this occupation disturbs workers’ musculoskeletal order. In order to propose and practice possible ergonomic interventions, it is necessary to know what tasks (drilling and blasting, coal cutting, dumping, transporting, timbering and supporting, loading and unloading) cause disorder in either upper limbs, lower limbs, or both. Methods: To this end, R-programming, version R 3.1.2 and SPSS, software 20, were used to calculate data obtained by studying 260 workers (working at different tasks of coal mining) from 20 mines of four districts of Punjab, Pakistan. In addition, a Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (SNMQ) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) sheet were used to collect data and to analyze postures respectively. Results: In multi regression models, significance of the five tasks for upper and lower limb disorder is 0.00, which means that task based prevalence of upper and lower limb disorders are common in underground coal mines. The results of the multiple bar chart showed that 96 coal cutters got upper limb disorders and 82 got lower limb disorders. The task of timbering and supporting was shown to be dangerous for the lower limbs and relatively less dangerous for the upper limbs, with 25 workers reporting pain in their lower limbs, and 19 workers reporting pain in their upper limbs. Documented on the RULA sheet, all tasks got the maximum possible score (7), meaning that each of these tasks pose a threat to the posture of 100% of workers. The majority of participants (182) fell in the age group of 26 to 35 years. Of those workers, 131 reported pain in the lower limbs and slight discomfort (128) in the upper limbs. The significance value of age was 0.00 for upper limb disorder and was 0.012 for lower limb disorder. Frequency graphs show age in direct proportion to severity of pain while in inverse proportion with number of repetitions performed per min. Conclusions: All findings infer that each task of underground coal mining inflicts different levels of disorder in a workers’ musculoskeletal structure of the upper and lower limbs. It highlighted the need for urgent intervention in postural aspects of each task.

scholarly journals Child with Guillain-Barré Syndrome Responding to Plasmapheresis: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Sarmad Al Hamdani ◽  
Fatema Yusuf Aljanabi ◽  
Maryam Isa Abdulrasool ◽  
Alaa Haitham Salman
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Foley’S Catheter ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
First Session

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has long been regarded as the first-line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), with plasmapheresis only being reserved for severe cases or used as an additional therapy of unproven efficacy. Here, we present the case of a 9-year-old girl with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), a rapidly progressive subtype of GBS that caused her to fall into respiratory failure. The patient failed to show a response 10 days after starting IVIG, but showed rather quick improvement with plasmapheresis. She received a total of 5 sessions of plasmapheresis on alternate days over a course of 8 days. Before starting plasmapheresis, her muscle strength was 2/5 in both upper limbs and 1/5 in both lower limbs, and she was dependent on mechanical ventilation. Following the first session, her power improved from 2/5 to 4/5 in the upper limbs, and the gag and sucking reflexes were recovered. On day 3, after the second session was initiated, she was extubated successfully (having been on a ventilator for 2 weeks) and remained on continuous positive airway pressure for the next 48 h, after which she was on room air. In addition, she was having hypertension from the first day of the diagnosis (which was due to autonomic instability), which improved after clonidine to maintain her blood pressure. She was also initially having urinary retention, then was off Foley’s catheter. The patient was discharged from the hospital 2 weeks following the first session of plasmapheresis, with power grade 4/5 in both her upper and lower limbs. Her cranial nerves had recovered fully, and she was able to walk with aids.

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