The difference between the upper limbs and the lower limbs in individuals on force output characteristics during stretch-shortening cycle movement

To observe the difference in clinical effects of scalp-point cluster acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in treating spastic paralysis of upper limbs after stroke. Using a randomized controlled design, 96 patients with upper limb spastic paralysis after stroke were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (scalp acupuncture plus rehabilitation training group 48 cases), control group (rehabilitation training group 48 cases). After 2 courses of treatment, it was judged by observing clinical efficacy evaluation, Ashworth classification, and Fugl-Meyer (FMA) score. The total effective rate was 91.7% in the treatment group and 68.7% in the control group; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Before treatment, the difference in Ashworth classification between the two groups was not statistically significant (P> 0.05); after treatment, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.01). After treatment, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The Fugl-Meyer (FMA) scores of the two groups of patients before treatment were comparable (P>0.05), and there were significant differences between the two groups after treatment (P <0.05). The difference of Fugl-Meyer (FMA) scores between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Scalp cluster acupuncture therapy is more effective than traditional acupuncture therapy alone in treating vertebral artery type cervical spondylosis. Scalp cluster acupuncture combined with Bobath technique is effective in treating spastic paralysis of upper limbs after stroke, and it is worthy of clinical application.

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Use of pulse pressure method for estimating total arterial compliance in vivo

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.2.h424 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 276 (2) ◽

pp. H424-H428 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

N. Stergiopulos ◽

P. Segers ◽

N. Westerhof

Keyword(s):

Pulse Pressure ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Arterial Compliance ◽

Aortic Pressure ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Pressure Method ◽

Total Arterial Compliance ◽

The Difference ◽

Pulse Pressure Method

We determined total arterial compliance from pressure and flow in the ascending aorta of seven anesthetized dogs using the pulse pressure method (PPM) and the decay time method (DTM). Compliance was determined under control and during occlusion of the aorta at four different locations (iliac, renal, diaphragm, and proximal descending thoracic aorta). Compliance of PPM gave consistently lower values (0.893 ± 0.015) compared with the compliance of DTM (means ± SE; r = 0.989). The lower compliance estimates by the PPM can be attributed to the difference in mean pressures at which compliance is determined (mean pressure, 81.0 ± 3.6 mmHg; mean diastolic pressure, over which the DTM applies, 67.0 ± 3.6 mmHg). Total arterial compliance under control conditions was 0.169 ± 0.007 ml/mmHg. Compliance of the proximal aorta, obtained during occlusion of the proximal descending aorta, was 0.100 ± 0.007 ml/mmHg. Mean aortic pressure was 80.4 ± 3.6 mmHg during control and 102 ± 7.7 mmHg during proximal descending aortic occlusion. From these results and assuming that upper limbs and the head contribute as little as the lower limbs, we conclude that 60% of total arterial compliance resides in the proximal aorta. When we take into account the inverse relationship between pressure and compliance, the contribution of the proximal aorta to the total arterial compliance is even more significant.

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Trainability and reversibility in physical fitness among elderly persons taking part in an intervention program

Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia ◽

10.1590/1809-9823.2016.15099 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 129-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taysi Seemann ◽

Carolina Weber Schmitt ◽

Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo Guimarães ◽

Simone Korn ◽

Joseani Paulini Neves Simas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Active Living ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Ex Post

Objective To assess the trainability and reversibility of variables of physical fitness in elderly participants in Active Living Functional Gymnastics. Method This ex post facto study was composed of 115 elderly women from six functional fitness groups in the Active Living Program in Florianopolis. The Rikli and Jones battery of tests (Chair Stand Test, Arm Curl Test, Chair Sit and Reach Test, Back Scratch Test, 8-Foot Up and Go Test, 6 Minute Walk Test) was used. The intervention period lasted for eight months, and the detraining period took three months. Descriptive and inferential statistics with paired Student t-test and Scheffé post hoc was used. Results The performance of the age groups differed in agility and aerobic capacity; Trainability was identified in the strength and resistance variables of the lower and upper limbs, and the flexibility of the lower limbs; Detraining was perceived in the strength and resistance of upper limbs, and aerobic capacity. Conclusion A Functional Gymnastics program produces positive effects on the strength and resistance of the lower and upper limbs, and flexibility of the lower limbs in elderly women. An interruption period lasting three months results in detraining in strength and resistance of the lower limbs and aerobic capacity.

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The Construction Worker: Example of Biomechanical Overload of the Upper Limbs and Awkward Postures of the Spine and Lower Limbs in Several Typical Tasks

Working Posture Assessment: The TACOs (Time-Based Assessment Computerized Strategy) Method ◽

10.1201/b22442-10 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 129-142

Author(s):

Marco Andriuolo

Keyword(s):

Lower Limbs ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Construction Worker

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Manfaat Rendaman Air Hangat dan Garam dalam Menurunkan Derajat Edema Kaki Ibu Hamil Trimester III

Jurnal SMART Kebidanan ◽

10.34310/sjkb.v7i2.381 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Sawitry Sawitry ◽

Fitria Hikmatul Ulya ◽

Elisabet Jemsi Adepatiloy

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Mean Value ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Warm Water ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Post Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Leg Edema

ABSTRAK Edema kaki terjadi hampir 80% dari semua kehamilan dan dapat menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan selama kehamilan seperti nyeri, merasa berat, kram pada malam hari, penebalan kulit, dan pigmentasi. Salah satu intervensi non farmakologis untuk mengurangi edema adalah rendaman air hangat dan garam yang merupakan intervensi untuk menghilangkan edema pada ekstremitas bawah selama kehamilan. Menganalisis pengaruh rendaman air hangat dan garam terhadap edema kaki ibu hamil trimester III. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode quasy eksperimental one group pre test post test desaign. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 16 ibu hamil Trimester III dengan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Terjadi penurunan tingkat edema kaki pada ibu hamil dengan selisih nilai tengah edema kaki sebelum 4,00 dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 0,00 .Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan ρ value 0,000. Ada pengaruh rendaman air hangat dan garam terhadap edema kaki ibu hamil trimester III. Kata Kunci : rendaman air hangat dan garam; edema; tungkai bawah ; ibu hamil. THE EFFECT OF WARM WATER AND SALT IMMERSION IN DECLINING LEG EDEMA OF THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN ABSTRACT Edema of the legs occurs in almost 80% of all pregnancies and can cause discomfort during pregnancy such as pain, feeling heavy, cramps at night, skin thickening, and pigmentation. One of the non-pharmacological interventions to reduce edema is soaking in warm water and salt which is an intervention to relieve edema in the lower extremities during pregnancy. This study was to determine the effect of warm water and salt immersion in declining leg edema of third trimester pregnant women. This quantitative research used quasy experimental method one group pre test post test desaign. The total samples were 16 respondents with purposive sampling and random sampling techniques. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The difference in the mean value of leg edema before 4.00 and after treatment was 0.00. The Wilcoxon test showed ρ value of 0.000. There is an effect of warm water and salt immersion on leg edema of third trimester pregnant women. Keywords: warm water and salt soaking; edema; lower limbs; pregnant mother

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A study of 200 cases of congenital limb deficiencies

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.3109/03093649409164402 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 174-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. K. Jain

Keyword(s):

Surgical Correction ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Artificial Limb ◽

Prosthetic Fitting ◽

Congenital Limb ◽

Partial Deficiency ◽

Limb Deficiencies ◽

Limb Deficiency ◽

Congenital Limb Deficiency

An analysis of 200 patients with congenital limb deficiency who attended the Artificial Limb Centre, Pune from January 1984 to April 1990 is presented. This group is representative of the congenital limb deficient population of the country. The commonest deficiencies were transverse phalangeal total/partial deficiency and transverse forearm partial deficiency (below elbow) in upper limbs, whereas transverse metatarsal total/partial deficiency and transverse leg partial deficiency (below knee) were commonest in lower limbs. Transverse forearm partial deficiency was more common in female, while transverse leg partial deficiency was more common in male children, 16 patients did not require any treatment, 6 needed only surgical correction. Some 30 patients needed surgery before prosthetic fitting, while 148 patients required only prostheses. Some 68% of patients achieved satisfactory to excellent results; 18% showed poor rehabilitation. No definitive cause for the deformities could be isolated; however, many parents believed that possible exposure to the eclipse during pregnancy was the cause of the deficiency. The eldest child was most affected.

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Abstract TP380: Significant Factors of Early Independent Gait in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.tp380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuna Hosaka ◽

Takahisa Mori ◽

Yuki Sawada

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Mmse Score ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Trunk Control ◽

Stroke Subtypes ◽

Significant Factors

Introduction: Acute stroke patients have problems with gait disturbance. Independent gait in hospitalized patients is important for early discharge to home. Therefore, we must find factors of disturbing independent gait following acute stroke and intensively treat them. Hypothesis: Impaired trunk control and cognitive function are factors of disturbing early independent gait. Methods: We included acute ischemic stroke patients who were admitted in our hospital from June 2017 to May 2018 and excluded patients with disturbed level of consciousness. We defined a score of 6 (modified Independence) or 7 (complete independence) in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) as gait independence. We evaluated association of stroke subtypes, Brunnstrom recovery stage (BRS) of upper limbs, fingers and lower limbs, trunk control test (TCT) score and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score with early gait independence on the 7th day of a stroke onset. Results: One hundred twenty- six patients met our inclusive criteria and we analyzed them. Stroke subtypes had no relation to early gait independence. In gait independent and dependent patients on the 7th day, median BRS score of upper limbs was 5 and 5 (ns), median BRS score of fingers was 5 and5 (ns), median BRS score of lower limbs was 6 and 5 (p<0.01), TCT score was 100and 75 (p<0.01) and MMSE score was 28.5 and 24.5 (p<0.01), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis that TCT (p<0.01) and BRS lower limbs (p<0.01) were independent factors for early independent gat. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for early gait independence demonstrated that cut-off values of TCT score and BRS of lower limbs and were 100 and 5. Conclusions: Impaired trunk control and muscle weakness of lower limbs were significant factors of disturbing early gait independence.

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CHANGES IN THE FLEXOR AND EXTENSOR MUSCLES AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-8692202127072021_0375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 686-688

Author(s):

Rui Ma ◽

Wenyan Li

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Muscle Group ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Flexor Muscle ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Isokinetic Test ◽

Extensor Muscles ◽

Test Velocity ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction: Centrifugal strength is an important element for strength quality. Developing muscle centrifugal strength can effectively increase the stability of lower limbs and reduce the risk of injury. Objective: To explore the characteristics of contractile force of flexor ahods in strength training and rehabilitation training, and the extensor muscles of the knee joint in athletes with different speeds of centripetal force. Methods: The knee joint muscle group of 8 first-level male high jumpers and 8 second-level male high jumpers were tested by isokinetic centrifugal contraction; the angular test velocity was 60 °/s, 120 °/s, 240 °/s, and the indexes included peak torque, relative peak torque (peak torque/body weight), and the peak torque flexural extension ratio. Results: With the centrifugal contraction of the knee joint muscle group (P < 0.05), the second-level high jumpers should increase the ability of the knee flexor muscle group of the take-off leg. In the case of constant velocity centrifugal contraction (P < 0.01), taking off time must be reduced, that is, taking off speed must be accelerated. Conclusions: The difference in the knee joint muscle isokinetic test results is one of the reasons for the difference in knee joint flexor and extensor muscle contractility under the different speed forces of high jumpers. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

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Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

10.1093/med/9780197512166.003.0007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Tracy

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Vertebral Body ◽

Spinal Canal ◽

Conus Medullaris ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Cervical Cord ◽

Filum Terminale ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Descending Pathways ◽

Lumbar Vertebral Body

The spinal cord begins as the cervical cord immediately below the medulla and extends through the spinal canal, where it becomes the thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal parts of the cord. In most persons, the spinal cord proper ends at the lower portion of the first lumbar vertebral body, where it forms the conus medullaris and, finally, the filum terminale. A cervical enlargement contains the innervation pathways of the upper limbs; a lumbar enlargement contains the pathways of the lower limbs. This chapter reviews ascending and descending pathways in the spinal cord.

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