Moderate-Intensity Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Affect Insulin Sensitivity Similarly in Obese Adults

Abstract Objective We compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on insulin sensitivity and other important metabolic adaptations in adults with obesity. Methods Thirty-one inactive adults with obesity (age: 31 ± 6 years; body mass index: 33 ± 3 kg/m2) completed 12 weeks (4 sessions/week) of either HIIT (10 × 1-minute at 90%HRmax, 1-minute active recovery; n = 16) or MICT (45 minutes at 70%HRmax; n = 15). To assess the direct effects of exercise independent of weight/fat loss, participants were required to maintain body mass. Results Training increased peak oxygen uptake by ~10% in both HIIT and MICT (P < 0.0001), and body weight/fat mass were unchanged. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) was ~20% greater the day after the final exercise session compared to pretraining (P < 0.01), with no difference between HIIT and MICT. When trained participants abstained from exercise for 4 days, insulin sensitivity returned to pretraining levels in both groups. HIIT and MICT also induced similar increases in abundance of many skeletal muscle proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Training-induced alterations in muscle lipid profile were also similar between groups. Conclusion Despite large differences in training intensity and exercise time, 12 weeks of HIIT and MICT induce similar acute improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity the day after exercise, and similar longer term metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle in adults with obesity. These findings support the notion that the insulin-sensitizing effects of both HIIT and MICT are mediated by factors stemming from the most recent exercise session(s) rather than adaptations that accrue with training.

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Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Adaptations in Response to 6 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-200611001-00095 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 38 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. S25

Author(s):

Christopher G.R. Perry ◽

Jason L. Talanian ◽

George J.F. Heigenhauser ◽

Lawrence L. Spriet

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Metabolic Adaptations ◽

High Intensity Interval

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High-intensity interval training and calorie restriction promote remodeling of glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00445.2016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 313 (2) ◽

pp. E243-E256 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rachel A. H. Davis ◽

Jacob E. Halbrooks ◽

Emily E. Watkins ◽

Gordon Fisher ◽

Gary R. Hunter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Energy Deficit ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval

Calorie restriction (CR) decreases adiposity, but the magnitude and defense of weight loss is less than predicted due to reductions in total daily energy expenditure (TEE). The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would increase markers of sympathetic activation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and rescue CR-mediated reductions in EE to a greater extent than moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (MIT). Thirty-two 5-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were placed on ad libitum HFD for 11 wk, followed by randomization to one of four groups ( n = 8/group) for an additional 15 wk: 1) CON (remain on HFD), 2) CR (25% lower energy intake), 3) CR + HIIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through HIIT), and 4) CR + MIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through MIT). Markers of adipose thermogenesis ( Ucp1, Prdm16, Dio2, and Fgf21) were unchanged in either exercise group in inguinal or epididymal WAT, whereas CR + HIIT decreased Ucp1 expression in retroperitoneal WAT and brown adipose tissue. HIIT rescued CR-mediated reductions in lean body mass (LBM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), and both were associated with improvements in glucose/insulin tolerance. Improvements in glucose metabolism in the CR + HIIT group appear to be linked to a molecular signature that enhances glucose and lipid storage in skeletal muscle. Exercise performed at either moderate or high intensity does not increase markers of adipose thermogenesis when performed in the presence of CR but remodels skeletal muscle metabolic and thermogenic capacity.

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290-OR: High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Induce Similar Modifications to Factors Regulating Skeletal Muscle Lipolysis

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db19-290-or ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 290-OR

Author(s):

BENJAMIN J. RYAN ◽

MICHAEL W. SCHLEH ◽

PALLAVI VARSHNEY ◽

ALISON LUDZKI ◽

JENNA B. GILLEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Continuous Training ◽

High Intensity Interval

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Short-term high-intensity interval training improves phosphocreatine recovery kinetics following moderate-intensity exercise in humans

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h08-099 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1124-1131 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Sean C. Forbes ◽

Jill M. Slade ◽

Ronald A. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Oxidative Capacity ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Short Term ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Leg Extension ◽

High Intensity Interval

Previous studies have shown that high-intensity training improves biochemical markers of oxidative potential in skeletal muscle within a 2-week period. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term high-intensity interval training on the time constant (τ) of phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery following moderate-intensity exercise, an in vivo measure of functional oxidative capacity. Seven healthy active subjects (age, 21 ± 4 years; body mass, 69 ± 11 kg) performed 6 sessions of 4–6 maximal-effort 30 s cycling intervals within a 2-week period, and 7 subjects (age, 24 ± 5 years; body mass, 80 ± 15 kg) served as controls. Prior to and following training, phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS; GE 3T Excite System) was used to measure relative changes in high-energy phosphates and intracellular pH of the quadriceps muscles during gated dynamic leg-extension exercise (3 cycles of 90 s exercise and 5 min of rest). A monoexponential model was used to estimate the τ of PCr recovery. The τ of PCr recovery after leg-extension exercise was reduced by 14% with high-intensity interval training (pretraining, 43 ± 14 s vs. post-training, 37 ± 15 s; p < 0.05) with no change in the control group (44 ± 12 s vs. 43 ± 12 s, respectively; p > 0.05). These findings demonstrate that short-term high-intensity interval training is an effective means of increasing functional oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle.

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