Ghrelin Treatment Causes Increased Food Intake and Retention of Lean Body Mass in a Rat Model of Cancer Cachexia

Adult male voles were maintained for 10 wk in long or short photoperiods (14 or 10 h of light/day). A third group of animals housed in the long photoperiod was implanted with capsules containing melatonin. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly; various tissues were weighed and analyzed at the time of autopsy. After 10 wk, voles in the short photoperiod weighed 20% less and consumed 30% less food than those housed in the long photoperiod. Total body water and lean body mass were reduced in the short-day animals, although the size of the brown adipose tissue was not affected. White adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was markedly reduced in the short-day voles who also manifested gonadal regression and suppression of spermatogenesis. Melatonin mimicked the effects of short photoperiods on LPL activity and on lean body mass; other parameters for melatonin-treated animals were intermediate between those of untreated long- and short-day voles. We hypothesize that winter weight losses experienced by meadow voles in the field are mediated by decreases in the duration of the daily photophase and that the reduction in body mass permits overwintering voles to reduce their energy requirements and the amount of time devoted to foraging. At least part of the seasonal decline in body mass appears due to a decrease in gonadal hormone secretion.

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Oestradiol, but not genistein, inhibits the rise in food intake following gonadectomy in cats, but genistein is associated with an increase in lean body mass

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006.00667.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (9-10) ◽

pp. 400-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

N. J. Cave ◽

R. C. Backus ◽

S. L. Marks ◽

K. C. Klasing

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass

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An aged rat model of partial androgen deficiency: prevention of both loss of bone and lean body mass by low-dose androgen replacement

The Aging Male ◽

10.1080/13685530008500338 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 160-160

Keyword(s):

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Rat Model ◽

Low Dose ◽

Androgen Deficiency ◽

Aged Rat

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Factors influencing food intake of rats fed low-protein rations

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.197.6.1350 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 197 (6) ◽

pp. 1350-1352 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

J. H. Meyer ◽

W. A. Hargus

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Cold Environment ◽

Low Protein ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Innate Ability

Rats fed low-protein rations increased food intake, weight gain and gain in lean body mass when forced to expend energy by low environmental temperature or exercise (swimming). Rats fed low-protein rations with a higher proportion of fat in their weight gain had a greater food intake and gain in lean body mass. Therefore, gain in lean body mass was improved not only by stimulating energy loss by cold environment or exercise but by an innate ability to deposit more fat in the weight gain, because of an increased food intake, and hence protein intake.

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Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia: The Role of Nutritional Interventions

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare7030089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Toni Mitchell ◽

Lewis Clarke ◽

Alexandra Goldberg ◽

Karen S. Bishop

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Nutritional Support ◽

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

Oral Nutritional Supplements

Pancreatic cancer is a cancer with one of the highest mortality rates and many pancreatic cancer patients present with cachexia at diagnosis. The definition of cancer cachexia is not consistently applied in the clinic or across studies. In general, it is “defined as a multifactorial syndrome characterised by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass with or without loss of fat mass that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and leads to progressive functional impairment.” Many regard cancer cachexia as being resistant to dietary interventions. Cachexia is associated with a negative impact on survival and quality of life. In this article, we outline some of the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer cachexia and discuss nutritional interventions to support the management of pancreatic cancer cachexia. Cachexia is driven by a combination of reduced appetite leading to reduced calorie intake, increased metabolism, and systemic inflammation driven by a combination of host cytokines and tumour derived factors. The ketogenic diet showed promising results, but these are yet to be confirmed in human clinical trials over the long-term. L-carnitine supplementation showed improved quality of life and an increase in lean body mass. As a first step towards preventing and managing pancreatic cancer cachexia, nutritional support should be provided through counselling and the provision of oral nutritional supplements to prevent and minimise loss of lean body mass.

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IL-37 Expression Reduces Lean Body Mass in Mice by Reducing Food Intake

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19082264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 2264 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eline Kuipers ◽

Andrea van Dam ◽

Dov Ballak ◽

Ellemiek de Wit ◽

Charles Dinarello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Transgenic Expression ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Diet Induced Obesity

The human cytokine interleukin (IL)-37 is an anti-inflammatory member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. Transgenic expression of IL-37 in mice protects them from diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic complications including dyslipidemia, inflammation and insulin resistance. The precise mechanism of action leading to these beneficial metabolic effects is not entirely known. Therefore, we aimed to assess in detail the effect of transgenic IL-37 expression on energy balance, including food intake and energy expenditure. Feeding homozygous IL-37 transgenic mice and wild-type (WT) control mice a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% kcal palm fat) for 6 weeks showed that IL-37 reduced body weight related to a marked decrease in food intake. Subsequent mechanistic studies in mice with heterozygous IL-37 expression versus WT littermates, fed the HFD for 18 weeks, confirmed that IL-37 reduces food intake, which led to a decrease in lean body mass, but did not reduce fat mass and plasma lipid levels or alterations in energy expenditure independent of lean body mass. Taken together, this suggests that IL-37 reduces lean body mass by reducing food intake.

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Feasibility and efficacy of enteral tube feeding on weight stability, lean body mass, and patient‐reported outcomes in pancreatic cancer cachexia

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle ◽

10.1002/jcsm.12799 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gillian Gresham ◽

Veronica R. Placencio‐Hickok ◽

Marie Lauzon ◽

Tyra Nguyen ◽

Haesoo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Patient Reported Outcomes ◽

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Tube Feeding ◽

Enteral Tube Feeding ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Weight Stability

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Effects of photoperiod and gonadectomy on food intake, body weight, and body composition in Siberian hamsters

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1984.246.1.r26 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 246 (1) ◽

pp. R26-R30 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

G. N. Wade ◽

T. J. Bartness

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Weight Losses ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Siberian Hamsters

Two experiments examined the effects of gonadectomy, photoperiod, and melatonin treatment on food intake, body weight, and carcass composition in male and female Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus). Gonadectomy caused small decreases in body weight in both sexes but did not affect food intake. In males the weight reduction was due to small (nonsignificant) decreases in all carcass components. Ovariectomy caused a significant reduction in carcass lipid but did not affect lean body mass. A short photoperiod (8 h light, 16 h dark, LD 8:6) caused significant weight losses in all animals except ovariectomized females. Daily melatonin injections (12.5 micrograms sc, 3 h before lights-out) also reduced body weight in males and females housed in a long photoperiod (LD 16:8). The photoperiod- and melatonin-induced weight losses were almost entirely due to decreases in carcass lipid; lean body mass was unaffected by either treatment. Although short photoperiods and melatonin treatments decreased food intake, these changes were preceded by a significant loss of body weight. Thus photoperiod induced changes in food intake may be a consequence of the changes in body weight, rather than vice versa. These findings indicate that photoperiod and melatonin have important effects on adipose tissue mass in both Siberian and Syrian hamsters, even though one species gains weight (Syrian) and the other loses weight (Siberian) in short photoperiods.

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