Differential Responses to Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Are Associated With Variations in Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D

25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25D) circulates bound primarily to serum vitamin D binding protein (DBP), with DBP showing higher binding affinity for 25D3 than 25D2. We therefore hypothesized that vitamin D2 (D2) promotes higher serum levels of unbound 25D (free 25D), with different functional responses, relative to vitamin D3 (D3). Week 3 C56BL/6 mice were placed on diets containing either D2 or D3 alone (both 1000 IU/kg). At week 8 and week 16, D2 mice had only 25D2 in circulation (26.6 ± 1.9 and 33.3 ± 4.4 ng/mL), and D3 mice had only 25D3 (28.3 ± 2.0 and 31.7 ± 2.1 ng/mL). At week 8 (44.5 ± 6.4 vs 62.4 ± 11.6 pg/mL, P < .05) and week 16 (78.4 ± 12.6 vs 95.5 ± 11.6), D2 mice had lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D relative to D3 mice. By contrast, measured free 25D was significantly higher in D2 mice at week 8 (16.8 ± 0.65 vs 8.4 ± 0.63 pg/mL, P < .001) and week 16 (17.4 ± 0.43 vs 8.4 ± 0.44, P < .001). A two-way ANOVA of bone histomorphometry showed that week 8 D2 mice had significantly higher osteoclast surface/bone surface, eroded surface/bone surface, and mineral apposition rate compared with D3 mice. Osteoblast surface/bone surface was higher in week 8 D2 females but not week 8 D2 males. At week 16, D2 mice had significantly higher bone volume/total volume and trabecular number compared with D3 mice. Differences in bone phenotype were observed despite D2 mice reaching similar serum 25D levels and lower 1,25D levels compared with D3 mice. These data indicate that 25D2 binds less well to DBP than 25D3, with resulting higher levels of free 25D promoting differential effects on bone in mice exposed to D2 alone.

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Effect of smoking on the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D depends on the assay employed

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-10-0150e ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 163 (6) ◽

pp. 965 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Guri Grimnes ◽

Bjørg Almaas ◽

Anne Elise Eggen ◽

Nina Emaus ◽

Yngve Figenschau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Vitamin D2 ◽

Serum vitamin D content in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Siberian medical review ◽

10.20333/25000136-2021-6-79-82 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 79-82

Author(s):

V.N. Peregoedova ◽

◽

I.K. Bogomolova ◽

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Serum Level ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Immunochemical Method ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Aim of study. To study the total level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Material and мethods. A total of 82 children aged 0-17 diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Depending on the severity of clinical symptoms, all children were divided into three groups according to the COVID-19 severity: asymptomatic, mild and moderate. The serum level of vitamin D in all patients was tested via the immunochemical method. Results. It was found that children with SARS-CoV-2 infection had lower serum level of vitamin D (29.92 [22.22; 28.07] ng/ml) as compared with the control group (36.43 [32.05; 44.08] ng/ml; p<0.001). A total of 90% of the children with SARS-CoV-2 infection were diagnosed with insufficiency or deficiency of vitamin D (<30 ng/ml). Only 10 % of the patients had normal levels of vitamin D. The insufficiency of vitamin D was found more often amongst children aged 0-11 and deficiency of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D was more common for children aged 12-17. The difference in serum levels of vitamin D depending on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection was not found. Male children with SARS-CoV-2 infection showed lower levels of vitamin D (p=0.013). Conclusion. A total of 90 % of the children with SARS-CoV-2 infection had insufficiency or deficiency of vitamin D regardless of the severity of clinical symptoms.

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Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E2 Serum Levels in Breast Cancer Patients

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v13i4.1684 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 426-32

Author(s):

Theresia Ilyan ◽

Dwi Retnoningrum ◽

Meita Hendrianingtyas ◽

Dian Widyaningrum ◽

Banundari Rachmawati

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Serum Level ◽

Prostaglandin E2 ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

BACKGROUND: Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression differ between breast cancer stages. Since, previous studies showed mixed results, in this study, we aimed to analyze vitamin D levels related to breast cancer stages and serum levels of COX2 and PGE2 in Indonesia.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study involving 75 breast cancer patients. Subjects were divided into 3 groups, namely operable early stage (K1), locally advanced stage (K2), and advanced stage (K3). Venous blood samples were taken from each subject, then were analyzed for the 25(OH)D, COX2, and PGE2 serum levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.RESULTS: There were significant differences in 25(OH)D among groups (p=0.012); between K1 and K2 (p=0.009) and between K1 and K3 (p=0.023). However, there was no significant difference in serum COX2 level (p=0.328). There were significant differences of PGE2 among groups (p=0.002); between K1 and K2 (p=0.036) and between K1 and K3 (p=0.001). Correlation test showed that there were differences between 25(OH)D serum levels and PGE2 serum level (r=0.306, p=0.008) and also between 25(OH)D serum level and breast cancer stage (r=-0.229; p=0.048).CONCLUSION: There were differences in serum Vitamin D and PGE2 levels at various stages of breast cancer. Serum 25(OH)D levels had weak correlation with breast cancer stage and PGE2 serum level. Serum vitamin D level in advanced breast cancer were lower than early stage breast cancer and indicate a poor prognosis.KEYWORDS: breast cancer, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin E2

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Serum Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Autoimmune, Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics12010130 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Giulia Bivona ◽

Caterina Maria Gambino ◽

Bruna Lo Sasso ◽

Concetta Scazzone ◽

Rosaria Vincenza Giglio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Meta Analyses

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone regulating calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, immune response and brain function. In the past thirty years, an increasing number of cohort studies, meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RTCs) evaluated the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which is considered the Vitamin D status biomarker, in patients affected by neurological, psychiatric and autoimmune diseases. Although an association between low 25(OH)D serum levels and the prevalence of these diseases has been found, it is still unclear whether the serum 25(OH)D measurement can be clinically useful as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and predicting treatment response in neurodegeneration, mental illness and immune-mediated disorders. The lack of standardized data, as well as discrepancies among the studies (in the analytical methods, cut-offs, endpoints and study sets), weakened the findings achieved, hindered pooling data, and, consequently, hampered drawing conclusions. This narrative review summarizes the main findings from the studies performed on serum 25(OH)D in neurological, psychiatric and autoimmune diseases, and clarifies whether or not serum 25(OH)D can be used as a reliable biomarker in these diseases.

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Effect of Narrowband Ultraviolet B Therapy on Serum Vitamin D and Cathelicidin (LL-37) in Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.2310/7750.2013.13087 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nawaf Al-Mutairi ◽

Dalia Shaaban

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Critical Role ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Chronic Plaque Psoriasis ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Before And After ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background: Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) has been widely used in the treatment of psoriasis. It has been shown that vitamin D is a major regulator of the expression of human antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37, which has a critical role in inflammatory cascade in psoriasis. Objective: To evaluate the effect of NB-UVB therapy on serum levels of cathelicidin LL-37 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in psoriasis patients. Methods: Ninety-three psoriasis patients and 50 controls were included in the study. For psoriasis patients, serum levels of 25(OH)D and cathelicidin LL-37 were estimated before and after NB-UVB therapy. Results: Before treatment, serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in psoriasis patients (31.5 ± 14.41 nmol/L) compared to controls (53.5 ± 19.6 nmol/L), p = .015. In contrast, serum LL-37 was significantly higher in psoriasis patients (13.24 ± 3.2 ng/mL) than in controls (7.92 ± 5.33 ng/mL), p < .001. After NB-UVB treatment, there was a highly significant elevation of serum 25(OH)D to reach 56.85 ± 5.2 nmol/L ( p < .001) and further elevation of serum LL-37 to reach 29.4 ± 4.2 ( p = .02). Conclusions: The elevation of serum 25(OH)D and cathelicidin LL-37 could be an additional possible mechanism of action of NB-UVB therapy in the treatment of psoriasis.

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Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, total antioxidant capacity and pneumonia incidence, severity and outcome in Nigerian children

Egyptian Journal of Bronchology ◽

10.1186/s43168-020-00029-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bankole Peter Kuti ◽

Alex Ifeoluwa Akinwumi ◽

Demilade Kehinde Kuti ◽

Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Nigerian Children ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Background The pathologic basis of childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) involves the generation of reactive oxygen species by immune cells leading to cellular damage and lung congestion. Serum antioxidants and vitamin D with immunomodulatory properties therefore hold prospects in the prevention and management of pneumonia in children. This case–control study set out to compare the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Nigerian children with CAP and age- and sex-matched controls and to relate these parameters with pneumonia severity and outcome—length of hospital stay (LOH). Results A total of 160 children (80 each for CAP and controls) were recruited. The median (IQR) age was 1.8 (0.6–4.0) years, male:female 1.7:1, 63 (78.8%) and 11 (13.8%) of CAP group had severe pneumonia and parapneumonic effusions, respectively. Serum 25-OHD (33.8 (18.3) ng/ml vs. 41.9 (12.3) ng/ml; p = 0.010) and TAC (6.1 (4.4–8.1) ng/dl vs. 7.2 (4.7–17.5) ng/dl; p = 0.023) were lower in children with CAP than controls. Lower serum 25-OHD was observed in severe than non-severe pneumonia (30.5(17.1) ng/ml vs. 46.3 (17.6) ng/ml; p = 0.001) but LOH did not correlate with serum 25-OHD and TAC. Conclusion Children with CAP had lower serum vitamin D and antioxidants than controls, and severe pneumonia was significantly associated with suboptimal serum vitamin D. They however were not related to pneumonia outcome. Optimal serum vitamin D and antioxidants may play a role in reducing the incidence of childhood CAP in Nigerian children.

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Serum Vitamin D: Correlates of Baseline Concentration and Response to Supplementation in VITAL-DKD

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab693 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cora M Best ◽

Leila R Zelnick ◽

Kenneth E Thummel ◽

Simon Hsu ◽

Christine Limonte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Parent Compound ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Total Serum ◽

P Value ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Abstract Context The effect of daily vitamin D supplementation on the serum concentration of vitamin D (the parent compound) may offer insight into vitamin D disposition. Objective To assess the total serum vitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation and whether it varies according to participant characteristics. To compare results with corresponding results for total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is used clinically and measured in supplementation trials. Design Exploratory study within a randomized trial. Intervention 2,000 International Units of vitamin D3 per day (or matching placebo). Setting Community-based. Participants 161 adults (mean ± SD age 70 ± 6 years; 66% males) with type 2 diabetes. Main Outcome Measures Changes in total serum vitamin D and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations from baseline to year 2. Results At baseline, there was a positive, nonlinear relation between total serum vitamin D and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Adjusted effects of supplementation were a 29.2 (95% CI: 24.3, 34.1) nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D and a 33.4 (95% CI: 27.7, 39.2) nmol/L increase in serum 25(OH)D. Among those with baseline 25(OH)D < 50 compared with ≥ 50 nmol/L, the serum vitamin D response to supplementation was attenuated (15.7 vs 31.2 nmol/L; interaction p-value = 0.02), whereas the serum 25(OH)D response was augmented (47.9 vs 30.7 nmol/L; interaction p-value = 0.05). Conclusions Vitamin D3 supplementation increases total serum vitamin D and 25(OH)D concentrations with variation according to baseline 25(OH)D, which suggests that 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 is more efficient when serum 25(OH)D concentration is low.

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Variation of circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels with life style in a cohort group in Sri Lanka

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-06-2018-0168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 506-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shirani Ranasinghe ◽

Thilak Jayalath ◽

Sampath Thennakoon ◽

Ranjith Jayasekara ◽

Ran Shiva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Content Type ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Purpose Purpose of this study is to measure the Vitamin D status of healthy adults and to correlate with their lifestyle and feeding habits. Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the most common marker of vitamin D status of an individual. Deficiency of vitamin D is defined as the serum level less than 20 ng/mL and insufficiency as 30 ng/mL which can be prevented. Design/methodology/approach Vitamin D status of healthy adults (n = 82), both male and females between the age of 18 – 50 years who were attending to the National Transport Authority, Kandy, Sri Lanka from February to March 2016, was measured and correlated with their lifestyle, feeding habits, etc. Findings The mean total serum D (25(OH)D in this study was 40.15 ± 3.74 nmol/l with the mean value of 42.8 ± 28.8 and 37.5 ± 16.6 for women and men, respectively. The serum calcium levels of both female and male were around 8 mg/dl and the serum total protein was 6.5 and 7 g/dl in women and men, respectively. The serum Vitamin D, calcium and total protein were not statistically significantly different between the sexes. In this study, 84 per cent of the total subjects were normocalcemic, and there was no signiﬁcant relationship between vitamin D levels and their calcium levels. Research limitations/implications This study demonstrates that there was no statistically significant correlation between the serum vitamin D with age, serum calcium or total proteins. The majority of participants who had exposure to the sunlight more than 30 mins/day had sufficient level of vitamin D and less than 30 min/day exposure had deficiency of vitamin D. Daily intake of multivitamin influenced vitamin D status of the study group. Practical implications These findings will implicate the importance of cultural, feed and social habits for the nutritional status of an individual.and there are no reported studies on vitamin D status with reference to the variation of life style. Social implications It is very important to investigate the factors affecting to the vitamin D status of a population as such, vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency can be prevented. In Sri Lanka, the population is consisting with many ethnic groups, different ethnic groups may find some nutritional problems according to their main cultural habits. Originality/value The objectives of this study are to evaluate the Vitamin D status in a group of healthy adults between 20 and 50 years in both men and women and to find out the correlation of their vitamin D status with their lifestyle and feeding habits, etc.

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Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.111.031070 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 1357-1364 ◽

Cited By ~ 320

Author(s):

Laura Tripkovic ◽

Helen Lambert ◽

Kathryn Hart ◽

Colin P Smith ◽

Giselda Bucca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin D2 ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Vitamin D3 Supplementation ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

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Seasonal variation of idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo correlates with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a six-year registry study in Shanghai, China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52803-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Liang Shu ◽

Jing Wu ◽

Chun-Yan Jiang ◽

Xu-Hong Sun ◽

Hui Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Positional Vertigo ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Abstract Seasonal variation of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) occurrence has been reported in recent years. Whether the seasonality of BPPV also exists in Chinese patients and whether it correlates with serum vitamin D levels is unexplored. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1269 new-onset idiopathic BPPV patients registered in our vertigo outpatient clinic over a six-year period. Additionally, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during this period were measured in 877 patients by chemiluminescence immunoassay. We delineated the changing trend of the monthly BPPV patient numbers and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and the correlation between them was explored. December to next March is the top 4 months with higher BPPV patient numbers. The median BPPV patient numbers in winter group were higher than those in summer group (20 vs. 16 patients, p < 0.05). Median 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in winter group were much lower than those in summer group (16.3 vs. 20.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and autumn group (16.3 vs. 19.3 ng/ml, p < 0.05). A moderate negative correlation was observed between median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and BPPV patient numbers each month. The onset of BPPV also shows a seasonal fluctuation in Chinese patients. This phenomenon may be related to serum vitamin D levels.

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